In his early years, he studied under Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu, Liu. Yuan Renzong extended his life for three years (13 16), and Guo Shoujing died at the age of 86. He is the author of fourteen kinds of astronomical calendar works, such as "Push Step" and "Licheng".
Guo Shoujing has made outstanding achievements in astronomy, calendar, water conservancy and mathematics. From the 13th year of Zhiyuan (1276), it took four years to revise the new calendar, and a "chronograph calendar" was worked out, which was used for more than 360 years and became the most advanced calendar in the world at that time. In order to revise the calendar, Guo Shoujing also reformed and invented twelve new instruments, such as simple instrument and altimeter.
In the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1264), Guo Shoujing was ordered to repair and dredge the ancient Xixia Canal, set up sluices and weirs, and irrigate local farmland. In the 28th year of Yuan Dynasty (129 1), Guo Shoujing was appointed as the water superintendent of the capital, responsible for repairing the canal from Dadu to Tongzhou. It took a year to complete all the projects, named Tonghui River, and develop north-south transportation and water transportation.
1970, the international astronomical society named a crater on the moon "Guo Shoujing crater" after Guo Shoujing. 1977 In March, the International Asteroid Center named asteroid 20 12 "Guo Shoujing Asteroid".
2. Guo Zhongshu? -977) Painter at the end of the Five Dynasties and the beginning of the Song Dynasty, a national treasure of the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Luoyang (now Henan).
Guo Zhongshu, who is proficient in philology and literature, is good at writing seal script and official script, especially "boundary painting", which is a branch of landscape painting, mainly painting pavilions, boats and cars related to landscape painting. His boundary paintings were rated as "unique" and listed as "magical products" in the Review of Famous Paintings of the Sacred Dynasty. His handed down works include Snow Ji You Jiang.
At the age of seven, I can recite articles and raise boys and girls. Later Zhou Guang Shunzhong (952) was called Cheng, a doctor of calligraphy in imperial academy. Soon after, he was demoted to the secretariat of Cliff State because of a quarrel in the political affairs. When he was full, he went to the official position and was no longer an official. He was placed between Jiyong and Luo Shan. In Song Dynasty, imperial academy, the official to the main book, was favorable for restaurants. He was sent to Dengzhou for mocking the current politics and died on the way to Linyi.
Painting landscapes is especially good at boundary painting, and the architecture, scenery and ships are extremely exquisite. The painting of heavy buildings and complex buildings is quite in line with the rules, and the proportion is very accurate and fine. Building a stone is like building a tree that is Wei. Whenever he paints the wood of the house himself, Shiyuan Wang gives him a touch-up, which is quite tacit.
He is also proficient in philology and literature, and is good at writing seal script and official script. In particular, "boundary painting" is very important to the world. "Boundary painting" is a branch derived from the development of landscape painting, mainly painting pavilions, boats and cars related to landscape painting. His boundary paintings were rated as "masterpieces" and listed as "masterpieces" in the Review of Famous Paintings of Shengchao.
Exercise book, all bodies can do it. Someone once got a bird print, and loyalty and forgiveness hit it off at first sight. Liu Xizai's "A Brief Introduction to Arts and Literature" in the Qing Dynasty said: "Loyalty and forgiveness are separated by ancient seals, and they have achieved great success." There are books such as Three-body Yin Fujing, Khan Bamboo Slips and Pei County. His painting style and skills had great influence at that time and later generations.
3. Guo Wei (904-954), deceased, was born in Yaoshan, Xingzhou (now Longyao County, Hebei Province). Founder of the late Zhou Dynasty during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period (reigned from 9565438 to 954).
He is big and brave. When I was an official, I was tired and made great contributions. I worship Ye as the Tang envoy. Liu Chengyou, a Yin Di in the later Han Dynasty, was tired of being bossed around by ministers and sent people to Yedu to execute Guo Wei. In the winter of the third year of Ganyou (950), Guo Wei launched a mutiny, attacked Kaifeng south and overthrew the later Han Dynasty. The following year, after the establishment of Guo Wei, it was named Guang Shun. During his reign, he advocated frugality, was open-minded and reformed malpractice, which promoted the improvement of the political and economic situation in the northern region.
In the first year of Xiande (954), he died at the age of 5 1 year. Emperor Gong Su, the holy spirit of posthumous title, was buried in Songling. Chai Rong, the adopted son, acceded to the throne by testamentary edict.
After Guo Wei proclaimed himself emperor, he immediately set about governing the country, carrying out reforms and enhancing national strength. He has experienced a lot of hardships since he was a child, and he has a personal understanding of the sufferings of the people, so he first lightened the burden on the people. In this regard, Guo Wei has mainly done two things, one is to crack down on unreasonable cattle rent, and the other is to cancel farming.
In the early years of Zhu Wen's conquest of Huainan, Zhu Wen distributed tens of thousands of cows to the people for use, and then collected cattle rent from them. Decades have passed, and the cows are still being harvested next week. The cows have long since died. Guo Wei ordered the abolition of this outdated and tiring tax. As for farm management, it is an agricultural production organization established in the Central Plains after the end of the Tang Dynasty and directly managed by the Ministry of Household Affairs, and the farmers to which it belongs bear a heavy burden.
After the abolition of farming in Guo Wei, people were given farm tools such as fields, houses and oxen for permanent use. This measure, together with the abolition of cattle rent, greatly reduced the burden on farmers and promoted the development of production.
In the meantime, it was suggested that by selling some good farmland, hundreds of thousands of yuan could be obtained to enrich the national treasury, but Guo Wei said: "Let the people benefit, just like the country benefits. What do I need this money for? " In addition, he also ordered local officials not to increase taxes on the people under any pretext, and the ubiquitous miscellaneous taxes except the regular taxes were abolished.
4. Guo Ziyi (697~78 1 year), Zi Ziyi, was born in Zheng County, Huazhou (now Huazhou District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province). An outstanding famous soldier, politician and strategist in Tang Dynasty.
In his early years, he took the lead in martial arts, joined the army as an official, and moved to Jiuyuan as a satrap, which was not reused. After the Anshi Rebellion broke out, he took Shuofang as our envoy, led the troops to be diligent, recovered Hebei and Hedong areas, worshipped the ministers of the Ministry of War and made peace with them. In the second year of Zhide (757), Li Chu, king of Guangping, recovered the two capitals, moved them to their original places and sealed lord protector.
In the first year of Gan Yuan (758), he worshiped China for secretariat. In May of the second year of Gan Yuan (759), he took responsibility for the defeat of Xiangzhou and was dismissed. In the early year of Baoying's first year (762), after the mutiny in Hedong, he was named King Fenyang, rose up to quell the rebellion, and later lifted the military power.
In the winter of the first year of Guangde (763), after Tubo invaded Chang 'an, he was ordered to send troops to expel the enemy of Tubo. In the second year of Guangde (764), when Pugu Wynn led the Tubo and Uighur invasion, he advised Uighur to ride alone and work together to break Tubo.
In the fourteenth year of Dali (779), after he acceded to the throne, he worshipped Qiu and the secretary of the secretariat, filled the imperial tomb, conferred the title of "respecting the father", increased the food city and deprived him of real power. Jianzhong was two years old (78 1) and died at the age of eighty-five. He was posthumously awarded as a great master, posthumous title Zhongwu, and was buried with the ancestral hall.
5. Guo Xiang, a native of Luoyang, Henan. Metaphysics in the Western Jin Dynasty. Few talented people are reasonable, good at "old" and "Zhuang", articulate and often live in seclusion. Let Stuart be in charge and move to Huangmen Assistant Minister. Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, was cited as the master book of a certain division and was closely related to the committee. For the theory at that time, it was light to hold an exclusive position. As far as possible, Zhuangzi's Annotation of Xiang Embroidery is regarded as its own annotation, and it is widely described. I'm afraid I may not believe what I said about stealing notes. He advocated the theory of "individualization" and that Tao is nature, and he was a master of metaphysics at that time.
The typical expressions of "double dispatch" and "three turns" of this thought were first refined in Zhuangzi's Notes at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty, thus forming a metaphysical theory characterized by "double dispatch" and "three turns", which was later absorbed by Buddhism and Taoism.
According to the biography of Guo Xiang in the Book of Jin, he was "very talented, good at Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, and eloquent", and Shi Shuo Xin Yu Literature said that he was "very talented" and had argued with the eloquent celebrity Pei Ya. Very prestigious in society. "People who are salty think that Wang Bi is Asia."
At that time, some celebrities worshipped him very much. For example, Qiu Wang Yan often said, "It sounds like an inexhaustible stream." Guo Xiang was not called by the state and county in his early years and lived at home, "entertaining himself with literary theory." Later known as Stuart, he was transferred to Huangmen as assistant minister. Sima Yue, the king of the East China Sea, also wooed him and appointed him as the master book of a certain division, which won deep appreciation and reuse. "Smoking inside and outside the ruling party" is despised and criticized by some celebrities.
Guo Xiang's interpretation of Zhuang has a clear approach: "Zhuang is flat in the world, so every word is vivid" (Zhu). That is to say, the content of Zhuangzi's theory is essentially "the way to be a saint inside and a king outside" (Preface to Zhuangzi), and the way to interpret Zhuang should be "seeking its return and leaving it behind" (note in Xiaoyao Tour), that is, to grasp the spiritual essence (return) beyond the means of expression. This can be said to be the development and application of Wang Bi's theory of "forgetting ci with pride".
Baidu Encyclopedia-Guo Shoujing (Yuan Dynasty scientist)
Baidu encyclopedia-Guo Zhongshu
Baidu Encyclopedia-Guo Wei (Hou Zhou Taizu)
Baidu Encyclopedia-Guo Ziyi (statesman and strategist in Tang Dynasty)
Baidu Encyclopedia-Guo Xiang