What kinds of Warring States scripts did Li Xueqin divide into in "An Overview of Warring States Inscriptions"?

In his article "An Introduction to Warring States Characters", Li Xueqin divided the Warring States characters into Qin, Chu, Qi, Sanjin and Yan, and established a basic framework for the study of the Warring States characters.

Qin calligraphy. Qin system is a special and independent system, different from other departments. In calligraphy, he inherited the orthodoxy of the Western Zhou Dynasty and was relatively conservative and stable. Bronze inscriptions, such as Qin, Qin, Qin Gonggui, Shang Yang, Yun Xin and so on, are all in the same strain.

Chu calligraphy. It is a written language used by Jiang Dongru, Hangu, wuyue and other countries influenced by Chu culture during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Together with Chu State, they created a mysterious and splendid culture. As an important part of this culture, calligraphy also has unique artistic charm.

Chu calligraphy is the most rebellious, innovative and expressive. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, the rebellion of Chu Da Lin Zhong and Gong Chu had already revealed the clue of rebellion against orthodox calligraphy in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

Since then, after a period of brewing, a brand-new calligraphy style with slim figure, vigorous brushwork and rich decorative meaning has become popular in the vast areas of southern China, with inscriptions and postscript on bells by Ding, Wang and Zeng Houyi as the stamina and books on birds and insects such as Ken Pan and Gou Jian as the acme.

Qi calligraphy is a distinctive Qi calligraphy system with Qi as the core, including small neighboring countries such as Lu, Zhu, Ni, Ren and Xue. Qi calligraphy followed the seal script of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the Spring and Autumn Period and went through a long process. In this process, the personalized presentation is only in the handling of individual words, and the overall style is simple and harmonious.

At the beginning of the Warring States period, with the appearance of lying rails, Chen Chunfu, Chen Man rails and other instruments, a typical homogeneous system with vertical and parallel lines as the main parts was established.

Jin calligraphy is a unique calligraphy style represented by Zhao, Wei and Bill Han. There are not many works in Jin State and its headquarters before and during the Spring and Autumn Period. From the manuscripts of Ding, Rui Zi Ding and Su Ding Ming handed down from generation to generation, we can see the inheritance of calligraphy style in the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

A large number of books of the League in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period unearthed in Houma, Shanxi and wen county, Henan are the earliest large-scale ink marks in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. In the late Warring States period, Wang Sanqi of Zhongshan was a model of engraving inscriptions, with slender fonts, which not only maintained the characteristics of the Jin Dynasty, but also incorporated certain decorative brushwork and achieved a refreshing and beautiful style.

Chu calligraphy