Su Shi's creative activities are not limited to literature. He has made outstanding achievements in calligraphy, painting and other fields, and also made contributions in medicine, cooking, water conservancy and other skills. Su Shi is a typical representative of the cultural spirit in Song Dynasty. Judging from the scope of literary history, Su Shi's significance mainly has two points: First, Su Shi's attitude towards life has become a paradigm respected by later scholars: advancing and retreating freely, not being shocked by humiliation. Because Su Shi integrated the two attitudes of feudal scholars on the same value scale, he was able to keep calm and go all out. Of course, this paradigm is more suitable for scholars who have suffered from ups and downs, and it can lead to a life of integrity and abundance, which is exactly what scholars in the past dynasties after the Song Dynasty hoped to do. Secondly, Su Shi's aesthetic attitude provides an enlightening aesthetic paradigm for later generations. He embraces the world with a broad aesthetic vision, so everything is considerable and beauty is everywhere. This paradigm has opened up a new world for future generations in subject matter, content and expression.
Su Shi enjoyed a high reputation in the literary world at that time. He inherited Ouyang Xiu's spirit and attached great importance to discovering and cultivating literary talents. At that time, there were many young writers around him. Among them, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei, Chao Cuo Zhi and Qin Guan are collectively called "Su Men Four Bachelor's Degree". Together with Chen Shidao and Li De, they are called "Six Gentlemen of Su Men". In addition, Li, Li Zhiyi, Tang Geng, Zhang Shunmin, Kong, He Zhu and others were also directly or indirectly influenced by Su Shi. Su Shi's achievements include all kinds of literary styles, and his own creation has no fixed norms to follow, so Su Men writers present different faces in their creation. Huang Tingjian is good at poetry, Qin Guan is good at ci, Li Jue is good at classical Chinese, and Zhang and Chao are good at poetry. At the same time, their artistic styles also have their own personalities. For example, Huang's poems are innovative, Chen's poems are simple, and their styles are not good. Later, Huang and Chen also opened another school.
Question 2: How about Su Shi alone? Brotherhood between Su Shi and Su Zhe.
Su Zhe (1039 ――112) is Su Shi's younger brother and one of the eight great poets in Tang and Song Dynasties. The deep brotherhood of the Su family is really rare. They are brothers, love between teachers and students, good friends who are against poetry, political partners who share weal and woe, and spiritual confidants who encourage and comfort each other. Looking through their poetry collections, a large part of them are poems that answer each other. Su Shi sent letters and poems to Ziyou almost everywhere, especially when he was relegated in his later years.
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi and Su Zhe entered the official career together, and their political thoughts were roughly the same. They advanced and retreated in the political reform struggle, and were exiled to the wild areas in the south in their later years. Su Zhe's personality is calm and unassuming, and he is more worldly than Su Shi. He often gives advice to his brother. So his career is relatively flat. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1), Su Shi was appointed as the judge of Fengxiang House, and his brother was assigned to Zhengzhou. This is the first time brothers have broken up. The image of Su Shi's black hat is flickering with the ups and downs of the hillside, which makes people feel pity and sadness. Su Shi's three-year term in Hangzhou expired and was transferred to Mizhou, because Su Zhe was working in Jinan at that time, and both of them were in Shandong, not far apart. In September, jae hee ning( 1076) wrote a wish of "I wish people a long time and a thousand miles are beautiful" because of missing children. During the Wutai Poetry Case, Su Zhe wanted to learn from the touching stories of the Han Dynasty to save his father, and was willing to avoid officials and atone for his brother. Finally, he was demoted to Yunzhou salt and wine tax. After Su Shi was released from prison, Su Zhe went to meet him and covered his mouth to show his silence. During the reign of Yuan You, Su Zhe was promoted to the position of Shang Shu You Cheng, and Su Shi was pushed out and got a position outside. Su Zhe closed four letters and asked for external posting.
Wei Youyun in the Tang Dynasty said, "I'd rather know the snowy night and sleep in bed." After reading the poem, Zi Zhan was deeply touched, and he agreed with Zi You's "bed on a rainy night". Later, the two kept mentioning it in their poems. For example, Su Shi once said, "You know this meaning, you shouldn't forget it. Be careful not to love high office. " In two poems of "Desperate Poetry", he said: "It is a green hill where bones can be buried. It hurts when it rains at night. It is more important to be a lifelong brother with the military adviser. " But this wish has never come true. Su Zhe once said: "In the past, young people traveled from the sub-station, with mountains to climb and water to float. They didn't take the lead before the sub-exhibition began. " When I was young, I was "immersed in the game book. There were two people early, and there was a beginning and an end." "Barefoot love, one person for life." "Confident people pity their weak brothers, and there are no good friends in the world." . In the Epitaph of Dongpo, he said, "Help me to be my brother and teach me to be a teacher." . Su Shi wrote a poem to his good friend Chang Li, saying, "I am widowed, but my son comes from all corners of the country." "I know very little about that son. I am brilliant and clear-headed. Is it my brother and a virtuous friend? " . It is often said that he is not as good as Ziyou. "So far, the world is so fierce."
In addition, according to the notes of the Song people, "Dongpo was ill in Jinling, Alberta and Xuchang. Because trouble is dim. Gongdu loves his family. I don't want to leave my job in Du Jun at the age of 9000, so I can help you. Tell them to use lightly, and then demote the three officials and take away their salaries. After Dongpo's death, nearly 100 people lived in Sur and Liang Fang. "
Question 3: If you are familiar with it, please talk about what kind of poet Su Shi is in his poems. In the last movie, he wrote that the wind blew through LinYu and left, but he was chanting "Don't listen" and "Why not do it", showing that he was still serene and complacent regardless of the wind and rain. Bamboo sticks and straw sandals are better than horses, which shows the boredom of officialdom, and a misty rain has been a lifetime, writing the image of being in the embrace of nature. In the next movie, after the rain, the spring breeze wakes up and the mountains come into view obliquely. Looking back, there is no wind and no sunshine. Inspired by nature, we are never afraid of wind and rain, and we have no joy in clearing up. The correct attitude towards life should be calm and let nature take its course.
Question 4: What kind of person is Su Shi? To put it simply, Su Shi is a good man.
He is obsessed with the people. Whether in Beijing, Hangzhou, Huangzhou or finally exiled to Hainan, he tried his best to do things for the people and benefit one party, regardless of whether he had the right or not. He claimed to "stand and watch vilen and lament for the people".
For people in the world, he believes that they are all good people, and he looks at the world with a kind heart. Even people who disagree with him politically can still be friends in private.
He is sincere to his friends. When they are in trouble, they will try their best to help them.
He has deep feelings for his wife. He has never forgotten Wang Fu's death for ten years. A poem "Jiangchengzi" is touching.
For himself, in his own words, it is "inappropriate."
Lin Yutang put it well:
Su Dongpo is a hopeless optimist, a great humanist, a friend of the people, a great writer, a great calligrapher, an innovative painter, an experimenter in brewing, an engineer, a hater of Puritans, a Buddhist in yoga, a great Confucian politician, the secretary of the emperor, Brewmaster, a kind judge and a political naysayer. Astronaut, poet, clown. But this is not enough to tell the whole story of Su Dongpo ... Su Dongpo is more versatile than other poets in China, rich in sense of change and sense of humor, with superior intelligence, but he is an innocent child in his mind-this mixture is equal to the wisdom of snakes and the gentleness of pigeons called by Jesus.
Question 5: What kind of person is Su Shi? Honest personality ―― Su Shi said in "Following Yang Su": "In the past, only Jing was a teacher; Today's gentleman is only gentle. As the case may be, it is the same. My brother and Wen know each other very well and have always been close, but they don't listen. " (Collected Works of Su Shi, Volume 55) It can be seen from "Up and down at any time" and "Not following the ear" that Su Shi always insists on maintaining his personality. Su Shi couldn't help venting his dissatisfaction with the blow and oppression imposed on him by the outside world. "If there are flies in the food, spit them out." (Old News of Quyi) His character is really frank and lovely. Lofty-Su Shi has also maintained a true and aloof character all his life: "I refuse to be born after picking all the cold branches, and the lonely sandbar is cold." ("Operator? Yongmei) Su Shi's Together with Li Gongze: "Although we are old and poor, we really need to talk and laugh when we are dead and alive. If you see a poor servant, you will be in the city, which is a far cry from those who don't learn the Tao. " ("Collected Works of Su Shi" Volume 5 1) Huang Tingjian said to Su Shi's elegy: "The article is wonderful in the world, and loyalty runs through the sun and the moon. "Open-minded, detached-he has an open-minded attitude towards life, thinking that a gentleman can read between the lines and ignore it (Wang Junbao Painting Gallery). Be able to "swim outside things" and be happy ("transcendental platform"). There are ideals and revenge-early efforts have contemporary aspirations (Mr. Dongpo's epitaph), longing for a prosperous time when the court is clear and the world is peaceful (the eighth in Ce Bie), and political ideals that Confucianism assists the monarch in governing the country and helping the people. He intended to reform the depressed habits of the Northern Song Dynasty and demanded that the court lead an honest and clean life. He advocated that people living in know life should do their best, and then properly manage their own affairs and govern the country economically without any regrets. Those who can survive and save the nation will do whatever it takes (Mo Miao Ting Ji). Su Shi, who has political opinions, emphasizes selecting officials and employing people and opposes adopting legislation to change the system (strategy 3); Advocating thrift to get cheap, but not agreeing with the door of wide profit (Ce Bie18); He also pointed out that haste makes waste, light makes waste, and more loses. He advocated that the steps of promoting reform should be steady. Therefore, he wrote many times against political reform.
Question 6: What kind of person is Su Shi? Su Shi (1037 ――101) was born in Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan). In the second year of Injong Jiayou (1057), he was admitted to Jinshi. He has served as the master book of Fuchang County, the evaluation of arts and sciences, and the honesty in the temple. When Zongshen opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, he was sentenced to Hangzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law. After he was released from prison, he was demoted to Huangzhou and later moved to Changzhou. Zheshou ascended the throne, the old party came to power, and Su Shi was recalled to North Korea to become a bachelor of Hanlin. Although Su Shi expressed opposition to Zongshen's implementation of the new law, he agreed to reduce aristocratic privileges and strengthen national defense forces through measures such as "cutting the royal family's favor, publishing laws and regulations, repairing equipment, and reading flags and drums". Years of experience as a local official made him know more about social contradictions and some benefits of the new law. At this time, Sima Guang wanted to abolish all new laws, but advocated: "Seek advantages and avoid disadvantages." Oppose the ruling minister to go his own way. Therefore, it was attacked by the old party Cheng Yi. Yuan Hu went to Hangzhou in the fourth year (1089) and later moved to Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou. When the new law was restored in eight years, the new party had deteriorated and was exiled to Huizhou, Qiongzhou and Changhua in southern Xinjiang. Hui Zong acceded to the throne, was pardoned and returned to the north, and died in Cheung Chau the following year.
Su Shi, a literary master in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, is known as one of the "Eight Great Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". His literary talent is quite high, and he has made great achievements in prose, poetry, ci, books and paintings. Most of his ci poems are nostalgic for the past and hurting the present, chanting historical things, reasoning and talking about Zen, writing books and expressing aspirations, pastoral scenery, lyrical narration and so on. It broke through the old framework of "Ke Yan" since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, accommodated rich social content and expanded the field of Ci. Formally, it tries to get rid of the bondage of melody and make words exist independently of music. Many words are unrestrained and passionate. Xin Qiji inherited and developed the style of Su Ci in the Southern Song Dynasty, and formed the "Su Xin" school of bold and unconstrained Ci. He wrote more than 100 volumes of Complete Works of Dongpo, leaving more than 2,700 poems, more than 300 words and many beautiful essays.
Su Shi was a writer, painter and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty in China. Zi yue Zhan, no Dongpo lay man. A native of Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) in the Song Dynasty. His father, Su Xun, and his younger brother, Su Zhe, are both famous writers in ancient times, and they are called "Su San" in the world. Jiayou Jinshi, Ren Fengxiang signed a sentence, advocating the elimination of drawbacks. Zongshen opposed the political reform, but in Mizhou and Xuzhou, he fought floods and destroyed locusts, helped the poor and saved the orphans, and made many achievements. Later, he demoted Huangzhou by "slandering the imperial court". Zhezong was a bachelor of Hanlin at that time and knew Hangzhou, Ying, Yang and Ding. Huizong was pardoned for the first time. Poetry, ci and prose all represent the highest achievements of Northern Song literature.
Su Shi's poems mostly express the feelings of bumpy career, but also reflect the sufferings of people's livelihood and expose the darkness of reality. The poetic style is bold and fresh, especially in metaphor. Also known as "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian.
Su Shi's ci has a wide range of themes, such as remembering the past, giving a reply, seeing off and reasoning, which also breaks through the strict rhythm and promotes the development of ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji.
Wang Yang's argumentative essay in Su Shi's prose is arbitrary and the narrative structure is rigorous and clear. For example, The Collection of Shi Zhongshan and The Collection of He Fangting are all works with the same fame as The Fu on the Red Wall and The Fu on the Later Red Wall. Also known as "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating in statutes and putting wonderful reasons outside the bold". After joining the promotion, Huang Tingjian and Qin Guan went out.
Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Zeng studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and worshipped Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Ling all studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong and Lu You, as well as Wu Kuan in Ming Dynasty and Zhang Zhidong in Qing Dynasty also learned from him, which shows the great influence.
Su Shi painted bamboo with ink in his paintings, which is more concise than literature and has the tendency of dancing. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange rocks. Mi Fei also said: Make dead branches and entangle them for no reason; Hard rock is also puzzling, such as its ...
Question 7: What kind of person is Su Shi? Su Shi (1037 ~111), a 64-year-old named "Dongpo lay man", is known as Zi Zhan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title. Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. In 52 (1057), he joined the Jinshi with his brother. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the term of office expires, in addition to living in the government, I moved to Zhongshu, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and knew the imperial edict and the Ministry of Rites. In May 4th (1089), Hangzhou was known, and then Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou were known. In Yuan 58 (1093), Zhe Zongzhu ruled the government and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and then to Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. He was also one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his family of three was named "Su San" in history. His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically belonging to the old party. An unrestrained poet.
Question 8: What kind of person is Su Shi? To put it simply, Su Shi is a good man.
He is obsessed with the people. Whether in Beijing, Hangzhou, Huangzhou or finally exiled to Hainan, he tried his best to do things for the people and benefit one party, regardless of whether he had the right or not. He claimed to "stand and watch vilen and lament for the people".
For people in the world, he believes that they are all good people, and he looks at the world with a kind heart. Even people who disagree with him politically can still be friends in private.
He is sincere to his friends. When they are in trouble, they will try their best to help them.
He has deep feelings for his wife. He has never forgotten Wang Fu's death for ten years. A poem "Jiangchengzi" is touching.
For himself, in his own words, it is "inappropriate."
Lin Yutang put it well:
Su Dongpo is a hopeless optimist, a great humanist, a friend of the people, a great writer, a great calligrapher, an innovative painter, an experimenter in brewing, an engineer, a hater of Puritans, a Buddhist in yoga, a great Confucian politician, the secretary of the emperor, Brewmaster, a kind judge and a political naysayer. Astronaut, poet, clown. But this is not enough to tell the whole story of Su Dongpo ... Su Dongpo is more versatile than other poets in China, rich in sense of change and sense of humor, with superior intelligence, but he is an innocent child in his mind-this mixture is equal to the wisdom of snakes and the gentleness of pigeons called by Jesus.
Question 9: What kind of person is Su Shi? Su Shi is a man who dares to create, and also attaches importance to discovering and cultivating talents.
Su Shi's creative activities are not limited to literature. He has made outstanding achievements in calligraphy, painting and other fields, and also made contributions in medicine, cooking, water conservancy and other skills. Su Shi is a typical representative of the cultural spirit in Song Dynasty. Judging from the scope of literary history, Su Shi's significance mainly has two points: First, Su Shi's attitude towards life has become a paradigm respected by later scholars: advancing and retreating freely, not being shocked by humiliation. Because Su Shi integrated the two attitudes of feudal scholars on the same value scale, he was able to keep calm and go all out. Of course, this paradigm is more suitable for scholars who have suffered from ups and downs, and it can lead to a life of integrity and abundance, which is exactly what scholars in the past dynasties after the Song Dynasty hoped to do. Secondly, Su Shi's aesthetic attitude provides an enlightening aesthetic paradigm for later generations. He embraces the world with a broad aesthetic vision, so everything is considerable and beauty is everywhere. This paradigm has opened up a new world for future generations in subject matter, content and expression.
Su Shi enjoyed a high reputation in the literary world at that time. He inherited Ouyang Xiu's spirit and attached great importance to discovering and cultivating literary talents. At that time, there were many young writers around him. Among them, Huang Tingjian, Zhang Lei, Chao Cuo Zhi and Qin Guan are collectively called "Su Men Four Bachelor's Degree". Together with Chen Shidao and Li De, they are called "Six Gentlemen of Su Men". In addition, Li, Li Zhiyi, Tang Geng, Zhang Shunmin, Kong, He Zhu and others were also directly or indirectly influenced by Su Shi. Su Shi's achievements include all kinds of literary styles, and his own creation has no fixed norms to follow, so Su Men writers present different faces in their creation. Huang Tingjian is good at poetry, Qin Guan is good at ci, Li Jue is good at classical Chinese, and Zhang and Chao are good at poetry. At the same time, their artistic styles also have their own personalities. For example, Huang's poems are innovative, Chen's poems are simple, and their styles are not good. Later, Huang and Chen also opened another school.
Question 10: What kind of person is Su Shi? Su Shi (1037 ~111), a 64-year-old named "Dongpo lay man", is known as Zi Zhan. In the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Gaozong gave a surname "Wen Zhong" to pursue posthumous title. Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan), Han nationality, the fifth son of his father Su Xun, was a famous writer, painter, essayist, poet and poet in the Northern Song Dynasty. In 52 (1057), he joined the Jinshi with his brother. Dali was appointed as the judge and signed the book Fengxiang House. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after the expiration of his father's funeral system and sued the court for being a judge. Disagreement with Wang Anshi's political views, opposition to the implementation of the new law, self-employment, and imprisonment for General Hangzhou. Move to Mizhou (now Zhucheng, Shandong Province) and Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he was involved in Wutai poetry case, and was responsible for granting Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei Province) an assistant ambassador. He was placed in this state and was not allowed to sign books or official documents. Empress Dowager Zhe Li Zong came to the DPRK and was reinstated as Langfengzhi Dengzhou (now Penglai, Shandong Province); Four months later, he was transferred to the doctor of does; Before the term of office expires, in addition to living in the government, I moved to Zhongshu, moved to Hanlin Bachelor, and knew the imperial edict and the Ministry of Rites. In May 4th (1089), Hangzhou was known, and then Yingzhou, Yangzhou and Dingzhou were known. In Yuan 58 (1093), Zhe Zongzhu ruled the government and was demoted to Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong) and then to Danzhou (now Danxian, Hainan). Hui Zong acceded to the throne and returned to the north for forgiveness. Zhong Jian Yuan (11kloc-0/) died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) and was buried in Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now jia county, Henan) at the age of 65. He, his father Su Xun (1009 ~ 1066) and his brother Su Zhe (1039 ~12) are all famous for their literature, and they are also called "Three Sus". It is the same as "Cao San and his son" (Cao Cao, Cao Pi, Cao Zhi) at the end of Han Dynasty. He was also one of the eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, and his family of three was named "Su San" in history. His works include Seven Episodes of Dongpo and Dongpo Yuefu. Politically belonging to the old party. An unrestrained poet.