Running script is a writing style between regular script and cursive script, which appeared in the late Western Han Dynasty and the early Eastern Han Dynasty. The name of the running script first appeared in Wei Heng's Four Books in the Western Jin Dynasty: Zhong (Yao) and Hu (Zhao) all studied calligraphy under Zhang Huaiguan's Shu Duan in the Tang Dynasty: "The calligrapher is like Liu Desheng. That is, the book is small and fake, and the affairs are simple and popular, so it is called a running account. " Zhang Huaiguan also said in "On Books": "Husband's calligraphy is neither grass nor true, leaving the party and avoiding circles, and caring about seasonal Mencius. Those who are true are called true, and those who bring grass are called grass." In the Ming Dynasty, Feng Fang had a more vivid description in Ji Shu: "Write without stopping, write without engraving, gently turn and press again, like running water, without interruption, for business will last forever." Because of its unique artistic expression and wide practicability, running script has been favored and widely circulated since its birth. After the golden period of Wei and Jin Dynasties and the development period of Tang Dynasty, running script reached a new peak in Song Dynasty and gradually occupied the mainstream position in various calligraphy styles. Throughout the long history of calligraphy, the development of seal script, official script and regular script has ups and downs, while running script is immortal, which has always been a prominent study in calligraphy. Great calligraphers of past dynasties wrote a glorious history of running script development.
With the vigorous development of contemporary calligraphy art, the exploration and innovation of running script creation has set off wave after wave of upsurge, showing a diversified and prosperous scene. In the complicated heat wave of calligraphy, the author makes rational exploration with his own understanding and persistent pursuit of calligraphy, and summarizes some preliminary experiences and insights from years of practice.
In the vast treasure house of calligraphy art, running script is undoubtedly the most beautiful and rich treasure. Among them, Wang Xizhi created Preface to Lanting, which is known as the world's first running script; Yan Zhenqing created the second running script in the world and the manuscript of Mourning My Nephew. Su Shi created the third running script and cold food stickers in the world; Wang Xun founded Yuan Bo Post; Wang Xianzhi created duck head pill postal service, etc. These classic works illuminate the starry sky of calligraphy art, are the artistic essence left over after a long period of elutriation, and are the unique contribution of the Chinese nation to the field of human aesthetics.
Characteristics of using a pen
Running script is a writing style between regular script and cursive script. Write more freely and smoothly, and those close to cursive script are called cursive script; The writing is relatively correct and stable, close to the standard of regular script.
In the process of writing, the brush strokes are obviously manifested in various forms of stippling. This brush stroke often leaves a delicate trace between stippling and characters, which is silk thread.
Running script is the quick writing of regular script, and it is the stream of regular script. Through the analysis of several groups of characters in regular script and running script, it is found that when writing in regular script and running script, the writing method of stippling and the guidelines to be followed when using the pen, such as centering, laying the pen, pushing the main body and hiding the front, are consistent, but the running script is relatively stretched and smooth.
Running script pen has the following characteristics:
[1] stippling is mostly written by exposing the front to paper;
[2] Replace flatness with side surface;
[3] Replace complex stippling with simple strokes;
[4] Strengthen the echo between the point and the painting by hooking, picking and tying;
[5] replace the square fold with a round turn;
design feature
Big and small. That is, each word presents a different size, and there is a pen-to-pen connection of a word. The connection between words is both true and intentional, and there is a connection between them.
The combination of recovery and release. Generally short-term collection, long-term release; Back and front, side and front; Most of them are left hand, right hand, upper right hand and lower left hand, but they can also be converted to each other. Left-handed and right-handed, top-handed and bottom-handed are not excluded.
Dense and decent. Generally, it is dense on the top and sparse on the bottom, dense on the left and sparse on the right, and dense on the inside and sparse on the outside. The middle palace is compact, the white space in the box is as small as possible, and the white space of the circled strokes is as small as possible. On the layout, the word spacing is tight, the line spacing is wide, vigorous and powerful, and the colors are bright.
Light and shade blend together. Running script writing should be easy, lively and fast, and master the combination of illness and stagnation, movement and static. The ink color arrangement should be strong at the beginning and dry at the end. The lines are long and thin, short and thick, moderate in thickness and alternating in depth. It's similar to cursive, but it's not so grassy.