Zhangfei Temple, also known as Queen Zhang Temple, is located at the foot of Feng Fei Mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River, 382 kilometers away from Chongqing and across the river from Yunyang County. It was built in memory of Zhang Fei, a famous scholar in Shu and Han Dynasties. Founded in the late Shu and Han dynasties, it has undergone 1700 years of reconstruction and expansion. According to legend, Zhang Fei, brave and upright, was eager to avenge Guan Yu, his righteous brother. He was killed by Zhang Da and Fan Jiang, and his head was thrown into the river. A fisherman dreamed of Zhang Fei at night, went to the river to salvage Zhang Fei's head, and accidentally caught a pot of gold, so he made a Zhangfei Temple out of it. Ming Jiajing's "Yunyang County Records" records: "In the first year of Zhangwu (Zhang Fei), Zhao Lie moved to Langzhong and the army met Jiangzhou. Convenient and modest, downstream first. As the local people say, it is a nightmare for a fisherman to get it and leave it behind.
According to historical records, Zhang Fei Temple was founded in the late Shu and Han Dynasties, and later expanded in the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, with a history of 1700 years. Because of its proximity to the Yangtze River, Zhang Fei Temple was almost completely destroyed in the catastrophic flood in the ninth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1870), and all the existing buildings were rebuilt from Tongzhi to Guangxu.
In front of the temple, there are four characters on the stone wall near the river, which are vigorous and elegant. There is a statue of Zhang Fei in the temple, and there are hundreds of cultural relics such as poems, inscriptions and paintings since the Han and Tang Dynasties, most of which are rare treasures. Known as the "three unique" (peerless writing, peerless calligraphy and peerless engraving), it is also known as the "Wenzao Resort" and "Bayu-Chongqing's first victory". After the completion of the Three Gorges Dam, the temples will be submerged. At that time, a new temple of Zhang Fei will be built by imitating the original temple building on the south bank.
Historical legends
It is said that after Zhang Fei was ambushed by Zhang Da in Langzhong, the two men came to Heyun Yang with his head. When they heard that Wu Shu made peace, they abandoned his head in the river, salvaged it for a fisherman, and buried it at the foot of Feng Fei Mountain, where the world built a temple to commemorate it. Therefore, Zhang Fei said that "the head is in Yunyang and the body is in Langzhong". Zhang Fei, a courageous man, is admired by the people. Over the years, people from all over the country have come to hold folk activities of offering sacrifices every year on the 28th day of the eighth lunar month, which has a certain scale and influence.
architectural feature
Zhang Fei Temple makes full use of the landform, with mountains and rivers and rugged rocks. Landscape gardens and temple buildings are integrated into one, which set each other off and become interesting. There are many scenic spots outside the temple, such as the Yellow Ladder, Shiqiao Creek, Vines in Waterfall Pond, Mao Ting in Linxi, and ancient trees in Yan Jun, which are beautiful and quiet. Ancient buildings in the temple, such as Jieyi Building, Book Gallery, Main Hall, Zhufeng Pavilion, Wangyunxuan Pavilion, Rhododendron Pavilion and Tingtao Pavilion. , the layout is rigorous, and the level is unique. It not only has the majestic bearing of the northern architecture, but also has the elegance of the southern architecture, and there are gardens dotted with dyes and bamboo, with a winding path. Therefore, Zhang Fei Temple is known as the "Bashu Scenic Spot".
Zhang Fei Temple is surrounded by mountains and rivers. It is composed of a group of exquisite ancient buildings with magnificent momentum. The main buildings are Daxiong Hall, Side Hall, Jieyi Building, Wang Yunxuan, Zhufeng Pavilion, Dujuan Pavilion and Deyue Pavilion. The first five buildings were built in memory of Zhangfei Temple, and the last two buildings were built in memory of Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, who lived here for two years. They are rare civil and military halls.
Zhang Fei Temple has also collected more than 600 stone carvings, woodcuts, calligraphy and paintings since the Han and Tang Dynasties and more than 0/000 other cultural relics since the Neolithic Age. In particular, there are many famous calligraphers and calligraphers with many schools, many of which are rare at home and abroad, and have high historical, artistic and scientific values, such as the Zhang Biao tablet in Han Dynasty, the Tian Lin tablet in Liang Dynasty, the tour in Huang Tingjian's book, Fu on Chibi before and after Su Shi's book, a model before and after Yue Fei's book, and the struggle for seats in Yan Zhenqing's book. Therefore, Zhang Fei Temple has the reputation of "Wenzao Resort". Because of the high value of the natural landscape and human landscape of Zhangfei Temple,/kloc-0 was designated as a provincial key cultural relics protection unit in Sichuan Province in 1980, and was announced as a national key cultural relics protection unit in 20001year.
Now it is the only key scenic spot in Chongqing in the Three Gorges reservoir area that has been completely submerged and moved. In recent years, it has attracted more attention in the world, with central leaders, experts and scholars, and Chinese and foreign tourists visiting it, becoming a major tourist hotspot along the Yangtze River. Du Fu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, wrote the poem "There are cuckoos in Yunan" when he was in Yunyang. Du Fu has always been a symbol of attaching importance to emotion and righteousness, and Yunyang people attach more importance to emotion and righteousness. It is such a delight to have friends coming so far. Zhang Fei Temple opens its warm arms to you. Ticket price of Zhangfei Temple in Yunyang, Chongqing: 20.00 yuan/person.
Regional climate
Yunyang is located in the southeast subtropical humid climate zone north of the Tropic of Cancer, in the subtropical humid zone of Sichuan Basin, with early spring, hot summer, cool autumn and warm winter. There is abundant rainfall in early summer, hot and rainy in midsummer, rainy in autumn and less sunshine in winter. The annual average temperature is 65438 08.4℃. The monthly average temperature of 65438+ 10 is 7.2℃. The average temperature in July is 29.65438 0℃. The annual average sunshine hours are 1484.8 hours. The annual average precipitation is 1 100. 1 mm. The frost-free period is 304 days.
traffic line
To Chongqing, it is about 23 kilometers away from the urban area. From the airport to the urban area, the bus ride is less than 1 hour.
Get off at Chongqing North Railway Station (Chongqing Longtousi Railway Station), then take Yunyang direct bus to the opposite Chongqing coach station, and arrive at Yunyang Lianhua Station 4 hours later.
Take a long-distance bus at Chaotianmen Traffic Square Bus Station or take a speedboat at Chaotianmen Wharf for 5 hours to reach Yunyang County, then take Panshi Bus at Lianhua Station in Yunyang County and get off at Yunyang Yangtze River Bridge. After that, you can walk or ride a motorcycle.
Optimal travel time
The annual average temperature is about 18℃, the winter average temperature is 6-8℃, the summer average temperature is between 27-38℃, and the highest limit temperature can reach 43.8℃.
There is little frost and snow, foggy, warm in winter and hot in summer, short in early spring and autumn, abundant rainfall, and more night rain at the turn of summer and autumn. Poets of past dynasties often chant "Late Rain".
The best time to travel to Chongqing is spring and winter. It is hot in summer and rainy in autumn, which is not suitable for traveling.
Three major viewpoints
Zhang Huan Hou Temple, a national key cultural relics protection unit, is commonly known as Zhang Fei Temple. It is located at the foot of Feng Fei Mountain on the south bank of the Yangtze River, and it is an old county in Yunyang County, Chongqing. It was built by local people to commemorate Zhang Fei, the general of Shu during the Three Kingdoms period. According to legend, it was founded in the Three Kingdoms, and the physical materials were first seen in the Song Dynasty. It was renovated and expanded in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, and it brought together the essence of architecture in previous dynasties. After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Project, Zhangfei Temple was flooded. In order to preserve this important cultural landscape, the state invested 40 million yuan to move this ancient architectural complex to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, 32 kilometers away from the old temple. The new temple of Zhang Fei has three highlights:
Take a look at the strange architectural art. Zhang Fei Temple is a perfect ancient architectural complex. This temple, with a history of over 1700 years, makes full use of the elevation difference of the Three Gorges reservoir area, sits by the mountain and lives by the river, forming a "pin" structure. Chen Yuanlin, director of Yunyang Cultural Center, told the author that the existing Zhangfei Temple was left after the renovation of the past dynasties, which basically gathered the essence of the architecture of the past dynasties. Visitors can see the architectural styles and arts of many dynasties in eastern Sichuan here. Jieyilou, Deyue Pavilion, Daxiong Hall and other unique ancient buildings 10 gather here, forming a perfect three-dimensional landscape painting, which has the reputation of "Bashu Scenic Area".
Second, look at the magnificent art of calligraphy. Zhang Fei Temple has a large number of calligraphy treasures. As far away as the Han and Tang Dynasties and as close as the Ming and Qing Dynasties, countless celebrities and writers expressed their feelings here and wrote poems to stay in the couplet. There are more than 800 inscriptions, couplets, plaques, calligraphy and paintings in the museum, with many schools and different styles. In the Chinese character hall, the tablet room, the wind pavilion and the model exhibition room, the author saw a dazzling array of tablets, which brought together all kinds of calligraphy and painting treasures. They are majestic, vigorous and tall, or warm and beautiful, with needles hidden in cotton. There are the handwriting of Yan Zhenqing, Su Shi, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei, the "model" of Yue Fei before and after splashing ink, and elegant bamboo, stone and orchid. This temple is full of books. It is these that make Zhang Fei Temple a "cultural and algae resort".
Third, look at the profound history and culture. Zhangfei Temple was built by local people to commemorate Zhang Fei, a warrior in the Three Kingdoms. The temple recreates Zhang Fei's heroic deeds with sculptures. When visitors come here, they can not only learn about Zhang Fei and his honest and frank personality from the commentator's speech, but also review the culture and history of the Three Kingdoms with a long history. Chen Yuanlin told the author that in addition, a museum of more than 2,000 square meters will be built in the new Zhangfei Temple to display the underground cultural relics unearthed in Yunyang County, including those unearthed from the world-famous Lijiaba Ba people site.
Integral movement
Relocation background
Due to the construction of the Three Gorges Project, Zhangfei Temple, as the only cultural relic unit in the reservoir area, was closed for demolition on June 8, 2002, and moved 30 kilometers upstream from Yunyang Old County to Longan Village, Panshi Town. On July 9, 2003, the new Zhang Fei Temple was officially opened. Zhang Fei's relocation expenses and specifications are the biggest "immigrants" in the Three Gorges reservoir area.
Temple after relocation
After the relocation, Zhang Fei Temple and Yunyang New County face each other across the river and complement each other. Zhang Fei Temple moved westward for 32 kilometers as a whole. The main buildings in the temple include the main hall, the side hall, the Jieyi building, the wind pavilion and the cuckoo pavilion, which constitute a group of magnificent and unique ancient buildings. There are many banners with the word "Zhang" outside the temple, hunting and dancing in the wind. Into the temple, the first floor is full of celebrity calligraphy and painting woodcuts. This temple is not only unique in architecture, but also famous for its collection of books, paintings, sculptures and prints: unparalleled writing, unparalleled calligraphy and unparalleled sculpture. The national key cultural relics protection unit is located in West Street, Gucheng District, Langzhong City, Sichuan Province, a famous historical and cultural city in China. It has a history of more than 1700 years, and is a temple to commemorate Zhang Fei, a famous Shu and Han scholar during the Three Kingdoms period. After Liu Bei pacified Yizhou, he sent Zhang Fei as the prefect of Brazil and led the troops stationed in Langzhong. In the first year of Zhangwu, Zhang Fei lived here for seven years, and was later killed by his subordinates Fan Qiang and Zhang Da. Zhang Fei was posthumously named Huan Hou and buried in Langzhong, hence the name. The main buildings in Han and Huanhou Ancestral Hall are laid out along the central axis, and from south to north, they are mainly composed of the mountain gate, the watchtower, the left and right archways, the east and west wing rooms, the main hall, the back hall, the tomb pavilion, the burial chamber and the garden behind the tomb. Covers an area of more than 6000 square meters. There are also many inscriptions and plaques of famous people in the past dynasties in the temple, and more than 0/000 pieces of historical relics such as Wuhou bronze bell are displayed, showing the profound cultural accumulation of Langzhong for thousands of years. Huanhou Ancestral Hall, an important cultural relic of the Three Kingdoms, has a rigorous layout, unique structure, grandeur and elegance, and an endless stream of tourists. In 2007, the theme exhibition hall of Zhang Fei was expanded, mainly showing Zhang Fei's life story, family history and legend. At the same time, the square in front of the temple of 1300 square meters was restored for tourists to rest.
Zhanghuanhou Temple in Langzhong City, Sichuan Province, also known as Zhangfei Temple, was founded in the late Shu and Han Dynasties, and its physical examination history can be traced back to the Xuanhe period in the Northern Song Dynasty. According to the information provided by Sichuan Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau, after the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, the buildings in Zhangfei Temple were tilted as a whole. The wall is severely cracked and collapsed; Roof fracture and collapse; Roof tiles fell off in a large area. Located in the north bank of Wuyutan, 4 kilometers from the central city of Changshou District, Chongqing. According to the Records of Changshou County, "Mr. Shu Han attacked Liu Zhang and stayed upstream to station troops here, and later generations worshipped it because of the temple."
The Huanhou Palace was built in the orthodox period of Ming Yingzong (1436~ 1449), rebuilt twice in the forty-eighth year of Kangxi (1709) and the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857). 1985 was announced as a county-level cultural relics protection unit.
Huanhou Palace consists of a mountain gate, a main hall, a horizontal hall and an attached hall, covering an area of 1.030 square meters and a building area of 800 square meters. The mountain gate was built in the seventh year of Xianfeng in Qing Dynasty. It is a archway structure with a height of 7.7 meters and a width of 7.6 meters. It has a five-hall roof, with a bucket arch inlaid with broken tiles under the eaves, and then the relief and painting of "Fulu Xi Shou". On the front of the mountain gate, there is a couplet: "Be cautious and determined for today, be loyal to the liver and be brave in righteousness, as the ancient voice says", and the horizontal comment: "Shu Han orthodoxy", on which the three characters "Huan Hou Gong" are arranged directly. The gate is made of stone, exquisite and gorgeous, beautifully carved and of high artistic level. The main hall seat faces south, leaning against the roof of the mountain, with three rooms, with a width of 10.9 m and a depth of 5.6 m. The frame is a mixed type of hanging beam and bucket, and the hall is 9 meters high and has two floors. There are dragon and phoenix woodcarvings on the lintel of the main hall, unicorn murals upstairs, and circular engraved "auspicious" flower window patterns in the annex hall, all of which have high artistic value. There are two cliff statues about 2 meters high outside the mountain gate, named "Clairvoyance" and "Clairvoyance". These statues are muscular and magnificent.
The author climbed the stairs step by step like a servant, deeply feeling the danger of Xiongguan, the power of the general and the responsibility of the general. According to Zhang Daochang, the host of Huanhou Palace, the overall building of Huanhou Palace is a representative folk building in Sichuan and Chongqing. Its wing angle, kissing beast, overhanging eaves, lattice gate and hump are not strict but orderly, which is of great significance to the study of the culture and architectural history of the Three Gorges reservoir area. Zhangfei Temple in Zhuozhou is the hometown of Liu Bei and Zhang Fei. Legend has it that Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei took the oath here in ancient times. Driving from Beijing-Shijiazhuang Expressway to Zhuozhou exit, you will see a striking traffic sign: "Zhangfei Temple 14 km". After passing through Zhuozhou city, turn left at National Highway 107, and go south in Zhuozhou city. Not far from the 66-kilometer sign, you will see the poster of "Zhang Fei's hometown" on the right side of the road. Passing through the culvert under the Beijing-Guangzhou Railway from the concrete path in front of the painting is "Xieyi Road". Go straight along this road and cross Gaoxi Village, and you will arrive at Zhong Yi Store, Zhang Fei's hometown, where Zhangfei Temple is located. Zhong Yi Store was originally named "Tao Zhuang" and later renamed "Zhangfei Store" because the famous woman and child Zhang Yide was born in Taoyuan. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, a magistrate in Zhuozhou found it disrespectful to call Zhang Huanhou by his first name, so he ordered it to be changed to "Zhong Yi Store".
The Zhang Huan harem was rebuilt on 199 1 after years of neglect. More than 50 acres of temples, mountain gates, horse halls, Ursa Hall, pleasure halls, tombs and other buildings are lined up. A burly black raccoon horse was shaped in the horse hall, and an "immortal" plaque was hung on the main hall door of the cloister building. A couplet on the colonnade is also said to be the imperial pen of Qianlong: "The heroic spirit scares the old Cao Dan and watches the Han Dynasty."
According to legend, Zhang Fei, who was guarding Langzhong, was eager to avenge Wu Dong and assassinated Fan Jiang and Zhang Da. Fan and Zhang, who fled, heard that they changed their minds and threw Zhang Fei's head into the Yangtze River. Later, it was picked up and buried in the Phoenix Mountain on the other side of Yunyang, and the earliest Zhangfei Temple was built. Since then, there has been a legend that Zhang Fei buried himself in Langzhong and Yunyang. It is said that Zhang Fei's tomb in Zhongyidian, Zhuozhou, Hebei Province, took some tomb soil from Langzhong and Yunyang, which is also a symbol of returning home. In addition to this tomb, there are inscriptions of Ming and Qing dynasties in the temple, which should be regarded as treasures. South of Huanhou Temple, there is the "hometown of Sanjieyi in Taoyuan", which is lush. The cultural relics card reads: "... found the ancient monument in the hometown of Huan Hou, and the original book was lost." Find the elders and tell them: the hometown of Emperor Zhao Lie's alliance. There is a "Zhang Fei ancient well" and a horse drinking trough in Taoyuan, and there is an inscription on the ancient well by Zhang Huanhou, the hometown of Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty.
The monarch is a hero in the world, and friendship is flesh and blood;
Waiting is sacred, beautiful and prestigious among people.
-Fang Baoyan's title is Zhangfei Temple in Zhuozhou, Hebei Province.