Preface to Lanting Collection is a compulsory course for senior high school Chinese in Jiangsu Education Edition? The bright starry sky above us? The teaching content of the special topic is to understand the emotions and thoughts expressed in the text, feel the ideological brilliance of the works and improve the realm of life through grasping the words and famous sentences in classical Chinese.
1. Teaching objectives
Knowledge
1. Understand the characteristics of preface and master the key function words, notional words and special sentence patterns involved in this paper.
2. Clarify the content level of the text and understand the author's view of life and death
3. Understand Wang Xizhi's life and the related stories in Preface to Lanting
4. Understand the custom of flowing water in ancient times
Ability
1. Cultivate the beauty of symmetry and rhythm in appreciating articles;
2. Appreciate the beauty of Wang Xizhi's running script.
3. Recite the text
Emotion
1. Experience the elegance of celebrities in Wei and Jin Dynasties;
2. Thinking about the meaning and value of life
2. Key points and difficulties
Focus: master the key function words, notional words and special sentence patterns involved in the article
Clear up the hierarchical context of the author's thoughts and feelings.
difficulty: to understand the elegance of celebrities in Wei and Jin dynasties; Understand the positive emotions contained in the author's deep sigh.
Third, class arrangement
Two class hours
Fourth, teaching steps
(1) Introduction of calligraphy to create an atmosphere
Wang Xizhi's Preface to the Orchid Pavilion is the best in the book (what is the reputation of later generations? The best running script in the world? ), it is the top grade in the text. According to historical records, Emperor Taizong tried his best to find the original works and enjoyed copying them day and night, which led to the grand occasion of the court competing for books. Emperor Taizong died, and the original was buried as a sacrificial object. Later, the tomb was stolen, and the original disappeared forever, which became an eternal regret. What we are seeing now is a copy of the Tang Dynasty. Today, the teacher also brought you the calligraphy works of Preface to Lanting Collection. Can you tell from the copy? Best in the book? The evaluation is by no means a lie. And why is this article called? Top grade in the text? And? Why is it still moving across the Millennium? Today, we will appreciate the Preface to Lanting Collection as a literary work.
(2) review the topic and understand the background
1. What kind of style is this from the title?
① Preface, also known as preface, preface, quotation, etc., is a dependent article of a work or book, which mainly introduces the content and theme of the work, or the author's creative process, or comments on the work.
② The preface is usually located before the work or at the back of the book, and the preface at the end of the article is? Postorder? , usually called? Hey? Or? Postscript? .
③ The preface written by the author is self-preface, and the preface written by others other than the author is heteropreface.
2. Under what circumstances was this preface made? Combined with the notes after class, which classmate will help us answer them.
Notes after class ①
Among the literati in the Lanting Elegant Collection, 11 people wrote two poems each, 15 people wrote one poem each, and 16 people were fined three cups for failing to write a poem, including Wang Xianzhi, Wang Xizhi's youngest son. At the end of the party, I wanted to compile these works into a collection of poems, and Xizhi prefaced this collection for the preface of Lanting Collection. Interestingly, with the passage of time, the poems in Lanting's collection of poems are not famous, but this preface has become an unattainable masterpiece in ancient Chinese literary works. Really? Intentionally planting flowers can't bloom, unintentionally planting willows into the shade? .
(3) overall perception, emotional clues
good! Just now, we have a general understanding of the writing background of this preface together. Next, the teacher will read this article for everyone (instead of recording it), and ask the students to find three keywords that represent the author's emotional changes. (blackboard writing: music? Pain? Sad)
happy? Paragraphs 1 and 2
1. Students now let's imagine ourselves as Wang Xizhi, or a certain scholar who attended the party. On a sunny day with a spring breeze, we gathered in Lanting with a group of like-minded friends. We enjoyed the beautiful scenery of Lanting, faced with a gurgling stream, drinking a little wine and writing small poems. What a pleasant life! Let's read the first two paragraphs together with this carefree, cheerful, relaxed and leisurely mood.
Please pay attention to the pronunciation of the following words: Gui Chou, Hui Ji, Xiu Zi, Liu Yi Qu Shui
2. Wu Le is at the end of the second paragraph, the author said? Believe in coke? So what is the author happy about? The teacher analyzed it and summarized it as five o'clock (blackboard writing)
pleasant season
beautiful environment
elegant activities
sunny weather
In short, can? Have a good time? Believe in coke? .
So, can students find the corresponding sentences from the original text? You can work in groups and try to find it quickly and completely.
▲ When and what season did they hold this meeting?
? Yonghe nine years, years old in Guichou, at the beginning of late spring, will be in the Lanting in the mountains of Huiji to repair things? .
The ninth year of Yonghe is a year of shame and ugliness. At the beginning of March in the lunar calendar, (we) will gather in Lanting, which is located in the mountains of Huiji, in order to engage in the ritual of repairing the sacrificial rites. (explained the time, place, and event)
② Ancient chronology method: mainly used the branch and the year number. This paper used both the branch and the year number to chronicle the year.
② Late spring: See Note ③; Question: How many stages did spring have in ancient times? Clear: Meng? Zhong? Evening
southern dynasties? Liang Qiu Chi's Book with Chen Bo:? In late spring, in March, grass grows in the south of the Yangtze River, peanut trees are mixed, and storks are flying around. ?
③ We will meet in Lanting, Shanyin/Zhili, and pay attention to the pause; ? Huiji Shanyin? That is, Shaoxing, Zhejiang, Lanting is in Lanzhu Mountain, Shaoxing. It is said that Gou Jian once planted orchids there.
④? What about repairing? : note ⑤
so-called? Repair? Originated from the ancient tradition of witch doctors, that is, on the first fourth day of March every year (after Cao Wei, it was changed to March 3), in line with the season of warm spring breeze and smooth yang, scholars splashed water and scrubbed their bodies in the suburban river, which meant to wipe away their diseases and omens and pray for new good luck. The ancients called it? Repair things? .
▲ Who are the people who attended the party in weddings?
? A group of wise men will arrive, and a few will be long and salty.
Many talented people gather here, the old and the young all gather together.
bi: all
salty: all
▲ beautiful environment, talented people, young people? Are all gathered here, and the environment here must be very beautiful?
? Here, there are mountains and mountains, luxuriant forests and bamboo trees, as well as clean currents and turbulent currents, which are reflected to the left and right, and they are thought to be flowing and winding, and they are second. ? Read the translation of
Lanting. There are high peaks, tall and dense bamboo forests, and clear and swift streams around the pavilion. (We) introduce (clean and swift) as meandering water and sit next to it.
② ? Xiuzhu? Rapids? Video tape?
② appreciation:? It's thought that
** it's a game that was circulated in ancient China. At that time, Wang Xizhi and others sat on the floor on both sides of Qingxi in Lanting after the ceremony of repairing the sacrificial ceremony, and put the special wine glasses (mostly lacquerware with light texture) on the upstream, and floated down slowly from the upstream. After passing through the winding stream, the glass spun or stopped in front of anyone, and whoever had to improvise poetry and drink. Its fun is similar to "pass the parcel" or "losing handkerchief" of modern people.
** show it? Running water? Photo: Seeing this picture, we seem to return to the Lanting gathering, and we seem to see the elegant demeanor and poetic life of those elegant people. Their gathering has become an eternal beauty talk. Until today, on March 3 every year, many calligraphers, painters and writers gather here.
▲ Elegant activities have just been mentioned? Running water? Such an elegant activity? Although there is no grand occasion of playing music, drinking some wine and writing some poems is enough to express people's deep feelings.
① string of silk and bamboo: they are all musical instruments. ? Without the confused ears of silk and bamboo? "Humble Room Inscription", Noisy Music
② Yi Yi Yi Yong: Yi Yi, wine glass, when drinking, nouns are used flexibly as verbs.
▲ It's sunny. Let's imagine the scene at that time. Because this activity is in the suburbs, it's wonderful for literati to write poems while drinking. If there are suddenly dark clouds, thunder and lightning, violent winds and torrential rains, it will definitely be very disappointing. Therefore, in the second paragraph, the author began to describe the weather conditions at that time, which were sunny, clear, breezy and smooth. ?
On this day, Enigmatic is bright and hearty, and the spring breeze is warm and carefree.
really? Warm wind makes tourists drunk? Ah, the literati are intoxicated with good poetry and good wine, and their mood is relaxed and their horizons are broadened. That's why we have the next sentence.
▲? Looking up at the vastness of the universe and looking down at the richness of categories, it's enough to enjoy watching and listening. Do you believe in cola? .
Let's read the second paragraph together with the feeling of being smoked, intoxicated and satisfied.
Who can translate the second sentence of this paragraph for us?
Looking up, the sky is boundless. Looking down, there are so many things on the ground. It is really happy to broaden your horizons, open your mind and enjoy the fun of seeing and hearing.
① Literally, or in connection with the context, talk about your opinion in your own words. Have a good time? Understand this word?
my castle in the air by Li Lewei: Suitable for spiritual walking and eye travel, which is what the ancients said. ? This is a more literary explanation. Let me give a more vivid explanation. Let your eyes swim like fish; Let your mind run like a million horses? How comfortable and fast!
② faithfulness: it plays an important role in emphasizing the author's mood at this time.
the first part of the summary explains the time, place, people and reasons of the meeting, describes the scenery, describes the grand banquet, highlights the audio-visual experience, narrates the scene, and is fresh and natural. (writing on the blackboard: grand banquet)
By the third paragraph, the author's feelings suddenly changed. Le? Turn? Pain? And why is this? Let's talk about it next class.