The original of Xia Sai Qu.
Tang Dynasty: Lu Lun
That night, the black geese flew very high, and Khan quietly escaped during the night.
I was about to lead the light cavalry to catch up when the snow fell full of bows and knives.
Translation of Xia Sai Qu
In the dead of night, dark clouds covered the moon, and the geese on the horizon flew in surprise. Khan's army tried to sneak away at night.
Just as I wanted to lead the light cavalry to chase all the way, the heavy snow fell on the bow and knife.
Notes on Xia Sai Qu
Xia Sai Song: Ancient frontier fortress military songs.
Moon Black: There is no moonlight.
Qin Gui: the leader of the Huns. This refers to the supreme commander of the invaders.
Escape: escape.
Will: Leadership.
Qingqi: Light cavalry and fast cavalry.
11: Catch up.
Full: Covered.
Appreciation of Xia Sai Qu
Song of Xia Sai is an old title of Han Yuefu, which belongs to Song of Cross Blowing, and its content is mostly the frontier battle. The original * * * six songs, Heng Tang decided to choose four of them. This is the third poem in Lulun's poem Song of the Frontier. Lu Lun used to be a marshal judge of the shogunate, and he had a good understanding of the life of soldiers. Poetry describing this life is more substantial and powerful in style. This poem is about the heroic feat of the general preparing to lead his troops in pursuit of the enemy on a snowy night.
Poetry begins with a scene. "High in the faint moonlight, geese are soaring" is not the scene in the eyes, but the scene in the heart. It is not the normal time for geese to fly when it is dark on a snowy night. Su Yan's panic showed that the enemy was on the move. A few words not only interpreted time as winter, but also set off the tension before the war.
"Chief Tatar is escaping through the darkness", and the enemy's action at night is not to lead the troops to attack, but to escape under the cover of moonlight. The poem is full of positive tone, clear judgment, contempt for the enemy and our army's belief in victory, which excites readers.
The last two sentences describe the general preparing to chase the enemy, which is unusual. "And we chase it, and the horse is light and heavy." The general found that the enemy had absconded and wanted to lead the light cavalry to pursue it; Not only is it fast, but it also shows a high degree of confidence. When the warriors set out in line, a heavy snow began to fall. Although they didn't stand for a while, the bow and knife were covered with snowflakes in an instant. Covered the cold light of their weapons. They are like arrows about to leave the string. Although they haven't set off yet, they are full of confidence in victory.
The last sentence "and the burden of snow on our bows and swords" is a description of the cold scene, highlighting the hardships of fighting and the brave spirit of soldiers.
Although there are only twenty words in this poem, it tells the truth at that time: Khan led the army to flee in the scene of "the moonlight is faint and high, and yan zhen is soaring into the sky", and the general prepared to lead the army to attack in the extremely cold weather of "and a burden of snow on our bow and knife". Escape and chase all the nervousness. Although the poem does not directly describe the fierce battle scenes, it leaves readers with a broad imagination space and creates a long poetic atmosphere.
Appreciation 2
This is a poem describing soldiers chasing deserters at night, and it is the third poem in Lulun's "Xia Sai Qu" series. This poem is only 20 words short, but it is full of a lot of information, which inspires readers' infinite imagination. The author does not directly describe the battle scene, but by reading poems, he can draw a picture of the battle of Kingoma iron by understanding poems and enriching his imagination.
The poem begins with a scene: "Wild geese are soaring in the bright moonlight". Such a scene is difficult to describe: "the moon is dark and the wind is high", then there is nothing to see; "Wild geese fly high", there is no trace to be found. Wild geese fly, high above. It is perceived by sound. Such a scene is not a scene in the eyes, but a scene in the heart. It is not the normal time for geese to fly when it is dark on a snowy night. Su Yan's surprise revealed that the enemy was moving. A few words not only showed the time, but also set off the tension before the battle, directly forcing out the next sentence, "Chief Tatar is fleeing through the darkness." Khan was the monarch of the ancient Huns, referring to the enemy commander here. There should be various possibilities for the enemy to act at night. However, the poet is called "the Chief Tatar is fleeing from the darkness". Reading this, I have a sense of heroism. The enemy's action at night is not to lead the troops to attack, but to flee in panic under the cover of night. The tone of the poem is positive, the judgment is clear, and it is full of contempt for the enemy and the belief that our army will win, which makes readers excited and surprised by the mysterious atmosphere caused by the above sentence. The enemy leader escaped and our troops pursued him. This is a natural development.
Three or four sentences about our army's preparation for pursuit show the mighty spirit of the soldiers. "And we chase them with light horses" means that the pursuers will send them without sending them. Not sending troops "light riding" is not only because of its high speed, but also because it shows a high degree of self-confidence, as if the enemy is already a turtle in an urn, and only a small amount of "light riding" is needed to pursue it. When the warriors line out. Although standing for a while. The snow was covered with bows and knives. The phrase "On our bow, on our sword, there is a burden of snow" is unexpected, which pushes the artistic conception of the whole poem to a climax. In the vast darkness and white snow, a light cavalry is gathering, and the snow falls on them instantly, covering the cold light of their weapons. They are like arrows about to leave the string. Although they haven't set out yet, they have long been full of confidence in victory. This is a very moving picture: there are shouts in silence and lightning brewing in the darkness. Although it is in the dark night, the heroic spirit outlined by the snow is still "shocking". Judging from this poem, Lu Lun is very good at capturing images and opportunities. He can not only grasp the typical image, but also show it at the most artistic moment. The poet does not write about how the army attacked, nor does he tell the reader whether he caught up with the enemy. He only described a scene he was going to pursue, which effectively set off the atmosphere and emotions at that time. "And we chase them, the horse is light and heavy, and the bow and sword are negative." This is not the climax of the battle, but the moment close to the climax. This moment, like an arrow on the string, will not send, the most attractive force. Although the results are not explained, only in this way can it be more enlightening and arouse readers' association and imagination. This is called incoherent, and its meaning is endless. It's not without a tail when a dragon sees its head. The tail is even more interesting and charming if it looms in the clouds.
The Creation Background of Xia Sai Qu
When the author wrote this poem, his life and career were extremely unsatisfactory. After the Zhu Rebellion, Hun Wang of Xianning went out of Zhenhe and promoted Lu Lun as the judge of Marshal's Office. In the military camp, Lulun saw all the solemn frontier fortress scenes and all the rough and heroic soldiers, so he wrote this frontier fortress poem.
A Brief Introduction to the Author of Xia Sai Qu
Lu Lun (739-799) was born in Zhou Pu (now Yongji County, Shaanxi Province). Tang Dynasty poet, one of the ten talented people in Dali. At the end of Tianbao in Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, he was a scholar and got into trouble. Tang Daizong dynasty should rise again and try again and again. In the sixth year of Dali, Prime Minister Yuan Zai recommended him and named him Wei Xiang. Later, Wang Jin, the prime minister, recommended him as a bachelor in Jixian County and secretary of the provincial school, and promoted him as a supervisor. Issued by Tiger Grass in Shaanxi Province and Mixian County in Henan Province. Later, Yuan Zai and Wang Jin were convicted and implicated. Tang Dezong regime change, returned to Zhao Ying as a county magistrate, served as a marshal judge in Hehuanfufu, and the official to Lang was suspended. He died soon. He is the author of Lu Hubu's Poems.
Four Poems by Xia Sai is a set of poems written by Wang Changling, a poet in the Tang Dynasty. This poem describes the frontier fortress scenery and expresses the author's anti-war thoughts. Starting from the bleak environment, the second song focuses on the hardships of military life and the cruelty of war, and contains the poet's opposition to war. The third poem describes the whole process of a battle, fully reveals the cruelty of the war and expresses deep sympathy for the ordinary foot soldiers guarding the border. The fourth poem describes the scene of a general who was buried after being martyred in the war, revealing the author's injustice to the court's meritorious soldiers and his criticism of many years of war.
works appreciation
one
There were frequent border incidents in the Tang Dynasty, including wars to resist foreign invasion and many unjust border wars. These wars have imposed a heavy burden on the country and brought great suffering to the people. Endless fighting. Mainly due to the excessive behavior of the rulers. At the same time, there are also people's war fanaticism incited by some rulers. This little poem is obviously a warning to the latter.
This poem can be divided into two meanings. The first four sentences are the first layer, depicting the frontier fortress in autumn scenery. The work depicts the scene of "the cold in August", but the poet first depicts an autumn map of the mainland: "cicadas sing and mulberry grows thin". The green mulberry leaves are sparse and appear cold and depressing. Coupled with the chilling cry, the protagonist in the poem embarked on the road to Xiao Guan in this season, leaving one customs and entering another, and the scenery of the frontier fortress was even more bleak. The poet first paved the way with autumn scenery in the mainland, and then described autumn scenery in the frontier fortress as extremely desolate, in order to imply the cruelty of war and express the poet's aversion to war.
"Heroes come to the monarch and soldiers are all dusty and old", which is similar to William Wang's "Drunk in the battlefield, you don't laugh, there were several wars in ancient times". Youzhou and Bingzhou are both frontier places in the Tang Dynasty, and they are also places where many literati pursue fame and fortune, such as "fame only comes from immediately" and "a centurion is not as good as a scholar". However, what the poet sees from these ambitious young people is the helpless ending of "all dust is old". The last two sentences deeply express the author's aversion to war and longing for a peaceful life by satirizing the so-called ranger who relies on bravery, shows off bravery, throws his weight around, and even makes trouble and disturbs the people. I said that the author didn't have any derogatory meaning when I talked about the quiet guest in front. Between the lines, I can vaguely see my regret for those brave people who devoted themselves to the battlefield. Using "ranger" to describe street hooligans who only boast that they have good horses, the author's anti-war sentiment has a deeper expression.
This poem was written by frontier fortress autumn scenery, with a generous and sad Jian 'an legacy; Writing about guarding the border and recruiting talents also has the sadness of Han Yuefu; It satirizes the street ranger and shows the grandiose atmosphere of the young people in the Tang Dynasty.
Secondly,
The characteristic of this poem in conception is to express the theme with profile description. The poem does not specifically describe the war, but expresses the poet's views on the war through the description of the scenery beyond the Great Wall and the remains of the past war. The first four sentences come from what the sergeant saw and felt when drinking horses and crossing the river, depicting the bleak and biting cold scene outside the Great Wall. The poet chooses the time of description in late autumn dusk, which is more conducive to expressing what he has written. When writing about bitter cold, only choose the water and wind that can best express the environmental characteristics. Concise pen and ink can receive good artistic effect. The "horse drinker" in the first sentence is the sergeant The "water" in the poem refers to Taoshui, and Lintao City is on the bank of Taoshui. "Drinking a horse" must lead the horse into the water, so it feels like "Shui Han", seemingly casual, but actually clever. In the Central Plains or the south of the Central Plains, the autumn wind just makes people feel cool, but the autumn wind beyond the Great Wall is already "like a knife". It shows that the wind is not only fierce, but also cold, and only one cross is used to describe the regional characteristics vividly. Write three or four sentences about the prospect of Lintao. Lintao, an ancient county name, is named after Lintao Water, the county seat. That is to say, Min County in eastern Gansu today is the starting point of the Great Wall, and the Tang Dynasty is the seat of Zhou Min in Longyou Road, where wars often occur. Twilight is boundless, the vast desert is invisible, and there is a golden sunset hanging on the horizon. From a distance, Lintao City is hidden in the twilight. The realm is vast and magnificent.
Lintao area is the battlefield of frequent wars in past dynasties. According to Biography of Wang Yun in Tang Dynasty and Biography of Tubo, in October of the lunar calendar in 7 14 A.D. (the second year of Kaiyuan), Tubo arrived at a rate of 100,000 soldiers, but Xue Ne, a general of the Northern Army, refused and went to Dalaigukou, Wu Jie and the eldest son. The "Battle of the Great Wall" in the poem refers to this war. "The ancient war, started by those long walls, was once proud on everyone's tongue", which is what everyone said. In this regard, the poet does not directly refute or comment from the front, but answers with the scenery and war relics here: "But ancient times are now yellow dust, confusing its ruins with white bones in the grass." "Sufficient" means full. Bones are the bones of the dead. "ancient and modern" runs through two sentences, including the upper and lower sentences; It not only refers to all ages, but also includes all seasons, every month and every day. That is to say, in the desert area of Lintao, yellow dust permeates all the year round, and the bones of the war dead are scattered in Artemisia grass, from ancient times to the present. The "white bones" here include the soldiers who died in the "Battle of the Great Wall" in the second year of Kaiyuan, as well as the soldiers who died before. There is not a word here, but it profoundly reveals the cruelty of war. What we are talking about here is discussion and reasoning, but this kind of discussion and reasoning is completely expressed in vivid images, so it is more powerful and extremely ingenious.
This poem focuses on the hardships of military life and the cruelty of war, and contains the poet's opposition to the militaristic war. [2][5][6]
third
The third poem describes the whole process of a battle, from conscription to the end of the battle, fully revealing the cruelty of the war and expressing deep sympathy for ordinary soldiers guarding the border.
The first two sentences describe the general's command and recruitment, suggesting that this is a huge battle, and the commander-in-chief army is in power for a while and is famous all over the world. In the third and fourth sentences, it is written that the imperial court paid homage to the generals with heavy gifts, and the counties and counties where the troops passed along the way also greeted them in advance. These four sentences describe the huge momentum and set the stage for the casualties behind. Then write the results of the expedition: none of the tens of thousands of soldiers who participated in the war survived. Simple as it is, it has a shocking power. One by one vividly depicts the tragic scene of generous death, but the lives of these guards are different. The author couldn't hide his anger, and issued the voice of "I would like to save the stables in the palace and give them to the border town", which is the natural expression of the author's loyalty and patriotism. Despite this fiasco, it's not too late to mend. The last two sentences implicitly reveal the important reason of this fiasco, that is, the strategic materials are extremely scarce, and fighting against powerful nomadic cavalry tribes and handsome infantry in the vast desert is doomed to failure. The so-called soldiers, national affairs, have to be used. If you don't make full preparations before the war and rush into the war, you can imagine the failure. These two sentences also implicitly satirize the Tang Dynasty's disregard for human life and regard war as a child's play. [2]
Fourth.
The first two sentences of the fourth song refer to Huo Qubing of the Han Dynasty, a frontier fortress general who made great achievements in the Tang Dynasty. There was a sad atmosphere because the general who died in the war had just been buried. Then write that the general's subordinates came to pay homage, and his death shook the vast northern Xinjiang. These four sentences set off the general's prestige from the side and were deeply loved by foot soldiers, making him a great figure in the frontier. His death is a great loss to people all over the world.
In the fifth and sixth sentence, I wrote a faithful trilogy. Before his death, the general fought bloody battles with him in the vast and long border areas in the north and made great achievements. Now that the general has passed away, many of their feats have been cancelled, and the troops they led will soon be transferred out. Then he wrote that although the old men of the general were deprived of meritorious service, they would be sent to other places to be stationed in the border areas. They were filled with indignation, but they could only cry to heaven.
The narrative is neat and orderly, the brushwork is vigorous and bold, and the style is solemn and solemn. The poet recorded the funeral scene of a general in highly concise language, which reflected the unfair phenomenon that the hero shed tears in the army because of meritorious service, revealed the profound internal contradictions in feudal society to a certain extent, and expressed deep sympathy for the soldiers who made meritorious service. The word "send more" is worth pondering, which shows that the court is unfair to the meritorious soldiers, which is embarrassing.