In fact, the technique of Chinese painting can be understood as the method of using pen in Chinese painting, that is, the technique of using pen and ink, in which the ink method includes the technique of color. The brushwork of Chinese painting is composed of points, lines and surfaces, and the use of lines is the most important. The method of drawing lines in Chinese painting is called "using a pen"; The method of using ink is called "using ink".
1. Write it.
Chinese painting and calligraphy are the same. Although everyone has different preferences and there is no formula for writing, beginners must master the basic essentials. When holding a pen, the thumb and forefinger hold the pen holder in the shape of "longan" or "phoenix eye", and the middle finger holds the pen holder along the forefinger. After holding the pen, the pen holder generally does not exceed the first knuckle of the index finger.
Fingers are solid, palms are weak, wrists are flat, and five fingers are Qi Li, so it is natural to run and retract. Calligraphy is more rigorous, painting is more flexible, you can hold the pen straight and hold it slightly higher, so you can rotate the nib flexibly, and the wrist, elbow, shoulder and body cooperate with each other to move and rotate effectively.
2. brushwork.
The brushwork is composed of strokes. Writing includes three parts: starting a pen, raising a pen and collecting a pen. Starting to collect the pen, going against the Tibetan front, naturally implicit. When using a pen, you should first pay attention to the pen and let the pen image according to the meaning. The pen should be powerful. The so-called "penetrating the back of the paper", "using the pen with bone method" and "moving the tripod" of the ancients emphasized the skill of using the pen.
There are differences between middle wing, side wing, rear wing, trailing wing and scattered wing. The central pen is the most important, and it is the skeleton of Chinese painting brushwork.
(1) Center: Hold the pen straight to make the middle of the pen firm. The pen tip is basically in the center of the pen mark, which is cylindrical.
(2) Side stroke: The stroke is slightly inclined to the left and right, so that the pen tip and the waist force to one side at the same time, and the stroke trace changes greatly. Sometimes one side is shiny and the other side is serrated, which can show lines and faces at the same time.
(3) Inverse: reverse writing. When painting along the front, the pen root is in front and the pen tip is in the back; On the contrary, pointing the pen at the front, the pen tip at the front, the pen root at the back, from bottom to top, from right to left against the hair, has the effect of vigor and Gu Zhuo.
(4) Before dragging: the pen tip lies on the side of the picture, along the hair, and the pen marks stretch smoothly and naturally.
(5) Loose front: the bristles are scattered, the brush marks are rich and ethereal, relaxed and elegant, and the area is large. Loose front is often used for tufting.
3. ink method.
Chinese painting, also known as ink painting, has always used ink in many ways, and it is inseparable from water to talk about ink painting. Ink painting uses water to produce different changes, such as thick, light, dry, wet, deep and shallow. Since it is ink painting, it is necessary to take ink as the body and water as the use.
"Ink is divided into five colors", which is about the difference between the degree and severity of ink use, such as scorched, thick, heavy, light, light, dry, dry, thirsty, moist and wet. Here, the ink method mainly introduces the commonly used ink-breaking method, ink-accumulating method, ink-burning method and ink-leaving method.
(1) ink breaking method. Ink breaking method can be divided into two forms: rough breaking and light breaking. Ink-breaking method is a new expression method that produces new ink color effect through the superposition of different amounts of water and different ink colors. It must be carried out while wet, so as to achieve the purpose of mutual destruction. The characteristic of ink-breaking method is that the pen marks at the infiltration place are hidden and interpenetrated, which has a rich and natural aesthetic feeling.
(2) Accumulated ink method. This is a method from shallow to deep, repeatedly staggered stratification. The accumulated ink can be wet or dry. Wet accumulation is easy to show ink rhyme, while dry accumulation is easy to see ink bone. It is best to dye a thousand layers and be vigorous.
(3) Coke ink method. The pen is dry, sluggish, dignified and vivid. Jiao Mo runs slowly, so it is full of vigor and vitality. However, Jiao Mo should not be used more, and the contrast with wet pen can better show the meaning of Jiao Mo.
(4) Ink painting. That is to say, after a day or several days, the rice paper is dipped in ink with clear water, showing a degumming Mo Yun ink method. Modern ink retention method is commonly used. Su Mo's infiltration on Xuan paper is more pen and ink than that of new ink, and it has an ethereal and simple aesthetic feeling.