[dāng]
1. acts as.
2. responsible.
At that time or place.
Face the reality.
5. match, match.
6. You should.
7. Reach the enemy.
8. Conviction means imposing considerable punishment.
9. Head, head.
10. Onomatopoeia, the sound of metal impact.
[when]
1.
2. equal to, equal to.
3. Let's be.
4. Think about it.
5. Meanwhile.
6. Be cheated at a loss.
7. Mortgage loan.
Pinyin: [when], [when]
Radical: Guo
Radical strokes: 3
Total number of strokes: 6
Stroke order: vertical stroke, left stroke and horizontal stroke.
Tang Dynasty
1 、& lt； move >:； Face; Face. "Mulan Poetry": "The window is painted with clouds and the mirror is painted yellow." "Mulan is a family weaver."
2 、& lt； move >:； In; "Shi Zhongshan Ji": "There are big stones flowing in it." "Climbing Mount Tai": "Those who go out are not as good as before."
3 、& lt； Jie >; In; Time (place) at ... Preface to Lanting Collection: "When he was pleased with what happened, he was satisfied with himself and soon became self-sufficient. He never knew that he was getting old. " "Tomb Inscription of Five People": "Those who are five people will be detained by the Duke of Liao, and those who are righteous will die."
4 、& lt； move >:； Take responsibility; Act as. "Chen Qingbiao": "Accuse of being humble and serving the East Palace."
5 、& lt； move >:； Bear; Bear. Dou E [grievance]: "It is a sin to read Dou E's gourd."
6 、& lt； move >:； Hold on. "Water Margin": "Nothing is empty and cannot be eclipsed. In fact, it's very hot. "
7 、& lt； move >:； Responsible; Host. Ten thoughts on admonishing Taizong: "People are as heavy as artifacts and as big as living areas." 《& lt； Guide to the South >; Preface: "North invites Congress."
8 、& lt； Shape >; Quite; Equivalence Sima Qian's letter to Ren 'an: "Besides, there are less than 5,000 soldiers in Liling ... who fought Khan for more than ten days and were killed."
9 、& lt； move >:； Judge; Faith. Historical Records Biography of General Li: "The official should be widely lost, born of prisoners, ... redeemed for Shu Ren."
10 、& lt； move >:； Reach the enemy; Resist. Battle of Red Cliffs: "Unless you are Liu Yuzhou, you can't be a fuck."
1 1 、& lt； move >:； Occlusion; Cover it up Ji Xiang declared: "The wall in the courtyard is the south sky."
12 、& lt； Deputy >; Should; It should be Chen Qingbiao: "I was born as a fallen head and died as a grass." Chen She Aristocratic Family: "I heard that there was a little son in the second year, so it was not appropriate to have one. The man who built it was Fu Su, his son. "
13 、& lt； Deputy >; Yes; I will. Peacock flies southeast: "Qing Shengri, I went to the grave alone." "Battle of Red Cliffs": "Qing and Cheng Gong will be the first, and the lonely will be the last."
14 、& lt； Deputy >; Want; Yes; I will. "Shubo Chicken": "I am not good at correcting myself and spreading rumors. I should burn down your house and kill your family! "
15 refers to the past period of time. "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia": "Recalling Gong Jin, when Xiao Qiao first married, it was magnificent."
when
1 、& lt； Shape >; Right, right. Shejiang: "The translocation of Yin and Yang is not timely." Herb picking: "In ancient times, herbs were mostly picked in February and August, which was extremely inappropriate."
2 、& lt； move >:； Suitable; Adapt. "Promoting Weaving": "There will be no court, and it will be out of date." Lotus: "When flowers bloom, they only last for a few days."
3 、& lt； move >:； As. Qi Ce Warring States Policy: "Take time as a car." "Zhi Sheng Gang": "You don't treat people as people."
4. Mortgage loan. "Snake Catcher said": "Those who can catch, hire them."
5 、& lt； move >:； Borrow money from a pawnshop with sth as collateral. Bai Juyi's "Praise the Old Man for Showing His Family": "Pay off the poetry debt with a pen, and smoke clothes as medicine money."
6 、& lt； move >:； Worthy; That's enough. "Tour Huangshan": "Because I miss Huangshan as a wonderful tour for my life, I have never seen it before, so I am ashamed to swim soon!"
7 、& lt； Shape >; Local; On the same day, The Outline of the Birth of Wisdom: "On that day, until the morning card, I slowly lit the lamp and ate my meal."
8 、& lt； Name >; The bottom of an object. "Han Zifei, the foreign reserve said the upper right": "When you taste the public, you call it Zhao Hou, saying,' Now there are precious jade bowls, can you hold water?' "
2. What does classical Chinese mean? 1. Definition: Classical Chinese is a written language based on ancient Chinese.
Classical Chinese is an article composed of written language in ancient China, mainly including written language based on spoken language in pre-Qin period. Classical Chinese comes from vernacular Chinese, characterized by writing based on words, paying attention to the use of allusions, parallel prose, and neat melody, including strategies, poems, words, songs, stereotyped writing, parallel prose and other styles.
2. Features: The characteristics of classical Chinese are: separation of speech and writing, concise writing. Compared with vernacular Chinese (including spoken and written language), the characteristics of classical Chinese are mainly manifested in grammar and vocabulary.
3. Structure: (1) The so-called judgment sentence is a sentence that uses nouns, pronouns or noun phrases as predicates to judge the subject. Its common form is as follows: 1). "... Zhe, ... is also" ",... is also" ",... Zhe also" "... Zhe, ..." "... Zhe also" and so on.
For example, "Chen She people are also from Yangcheng." (historical records. Chen She family)-Bobby Chen is from Yangcheng.
(2) "Although Cao Cao is a famous Han Xiang, he is actually a Han thief." (Zi Jian) ③ Yi, an ancient sharpshooter.
("Guanzi Situation Solution" back to 64) 4 "Four people, Lu Zhi, father of Changle Wang, father of Yu, father of An Shangchun." (Wang Anshi's trip) (5) If you are shocked, Zhou didn't make a move.
2) Adverbs "Nai", "Namely", "Ze", "Du", "Shi", "Cheng" and "Wei" are used to express judgment. This is the autumn when I was in service.
"(1) I don't know the palace in the sky, what year is this evening. (2) is now in the tomb.
(3) Fu Liang namely chu will Xiang Yan. (4) This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.
3) Use the negative adverb "Fei" to express negation. Such as: "Six countries collapse, not bad soldiers, bad wars, bad Qin.
"(1) Climb high and recruit, and you can see far without lengthening your arms. (2) The city is not high, the pool is not deep, the soldiers are not strong, and there are not many meters.
(3) The North Sea is not too mountainous. Passive sentences In classical Chinese, the subject of some sentences is the receiver of action, which is a passive sentence.
Its common types are: 1). See ... see ... in the passive voice. For example, "I often laugh at a generous family.
"(1) I'm afraid to see deceives you. (2) Qin Cheng was afraid that he could not get it, but saw his bullying.
(3) so confused in Zheng Xiu, deceives in yi cheung. (4) Li, seventeen years old, is good at classical Chinese and knows all six arts. He has unlimited time to learn from Yu Yu.
2) For, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for, for Yu ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... For ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for ... for
"(1) to die, laugh for the world. (2) For the country, no ambassador will be taken away by Wikipedia.
(3) Serve the Group in terms of income. (4) first fear for fuck.
Inverted sentences in ancient Chinese are relative to the sentence order in modern Chinese. Based on this, we divide inversion sentences in classical Chinese into prepositional object, attributive postposition, adverbial postposition and verb inversion. 1). Preposition object The so-called prepositional object is the component that is usually used as an object and placed in front of the predicate verb to express emphasis.
For example, the word "zhi" in "disagree" is the prepositional object. Preposition objects are usually divided into four situations.
(1) In interrogative sentences, interrogative pronouns are objects and prepositional objects. What is the king doing here? Wes, who are we going home with? (2) In negative sentences, pronouns are objects and prepositions are objects.
For example, "ancient people are not arrogant." (3) Advance the object with the help of "Zhi" and "Shi".
For example, "I don't know the sentence, but I'm confused." "Studying hard is urgent and rare.
(4) Preposition objects in prepositional phrases. For example, "Why else would the book be here?" 2) Attributive postposition usually puts the attribute before the head word, but there are many sentences in classical Chinese that put the attribute after the head word.
For example, "Earthworms have no advantages as minions, but their bones and muscles are strong. They eat soil and drink yellow water, but also with their hearts. " Among them, "benefit" and "strength" are post-attributes.
The attributive postposition in classical Chinese has the following situations. (1) Postposition the attribute with "zhi".
For example, "How many people are there in a big world?" (2) Use the postposition of "zhe". For example, "a horse can travel thousands of miles and eat one stone at a time."
"3. Adverbials are postpositioned in ancient Chinese. Preposition structures are adverbials and are often placed after sentences as complements. For example, "to be rich" is a prepositional phrase that is placed at the end of a sentence as a complement.
4). verb inversion is rare and is often used to express strong exclamation. I'm very sorry, but you are not well.
""come on, wind. " "Beautiful, I am a youth in China.
"[Exercise] Judge the sentence patterns in the following sentences. (1) It is impossible to protect the people and be king.
(2) There is no difference in love between the king and the people. (3) What is virtue, then you can be king? (4) How do you know I can do it? Elliptic sentences in classical Chinese generally contain ellipsis. Grasping the ellipsis helps to fully understand the meaning of the sentence.
The provincial sentence in classical Chinese is usually: 1). Omit the subject. (1) Carry forward the former provinces.
For example, "there are different snakes in Yongzhou wild, black and white." (2) carry forward the province.
For example, "Pei Gong said to me,' Gong' I'm going to join the army and enter the army. ""(3) self-reported provinces.
For example, "(giving) love is a stream. When it enters two or three miles, (giving) is the home of those who are particularly unique." (4) Dialogue province.
Such as: "(Mencius) said:' Dule (yuè) Music (lè), Tongle (yuè) Music (lè), which music (lè)? "(The king) said,' If you are not with others. "2). Omit the predicate.
For example, "One drum is full of energy, then (drum) will decline and three drums will be exhausted." 3). Omit the object.
For example, "You can burn it and leave." 4). Omit the prepositional object.
For example, "read it in public, let the mink out and cover the door." 5). Omit the preposition "Yu".
Today, the clock was put in the water, although no sound was heard in the storm. [Exercise] Fill in the omitted components in the following sentences.
(1) ran's taste in also, so the surname is creek for Ran Xi. (2) Therefore, Ximen Bao is a famous imperial edict.
(3) It's two strategies, not passive music. (4) all the mountains are flat and covered.
Fixed structure (1) and questionable fixed structure are: helpless, how, how, how, what, what, if ... what, such as (nai) ... what, which is it, is it ... which one is it? Take my treasure instead of our city What can we do? (Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru) My son brought his elk to our city to relax. What? (Battle of the Wars) How about 3 being different from each other? ("Zuo zhuan Qi Huangong Chu") (4) What about pot calling the kettle black? (。
3. What does "dang" mean in ancient Chinese? There are two "dang" dāng in ancient Chinese.
1. acts as. Be patient (dān). Well deserved.
2. be responsible, preside over: be the master. Take power. Take power.
At that time or place: at that time. Contemporary. At first. Today. Right away (right away) In those days. Streets. Be a hospital.
Dang dang
1. Suitable: suitable. Suitable. Suitable.
2. equal to, equal to: one person for two people.
Let's be: when. Long song was crying. Walking is better than walking.
Dang dang
◎ suffix. Interpretation of Long Gan's Ci Collection of Song and Yuan Dynasties? Inscription: "Dang, as an appendage of human beings, such as' I Dang',' Love Dang' and' Two Dang'."
4. What does "zhe" mean in classical Chinese? Common meaning [2] Remarks: The examples in bold are the pronouns [3] 1 in Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. In modern Chinese, the auxiliary word 1: ① People who are close to the forefront have good skills. -"A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise" (2) Who is king for this? -The Hongmen Banquet (③) has no interest. -Peach Blossom Garden (4) Beautiful and elegant. -drunken pavilion (5) is full of repetition, and the old woman will vomit! Touch the dragon and tell the queen of Zhao II. Used after nouns, it is equivalent to "this person". Example: ① There is a 90-year-old Yugong in Beishan, who lives near the mountain. -Gong Yu Yishan (2) A famous man in the city had a career as a teenager. -Qing Pu Songling's Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio 3. Used after the time word. -The story of Yueyang Tower (2) This number of people suffered a blow. Auxiliary word 1. Used in hypothetical complex sentences or causal complex sentences to indicate a pause to remind the following. For example: ① I visited my relatives and served the monarch, but I also admired the noble benevolence and righteousness of the monarch. -"Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru" (2) Dare to say something to greet Cao's generals and officials, and so on! -"Purple Tongzhi Sword" Volume II. Put it at the end of the question to express doubt. Example: Which one? There are also upper and lower levels. 3. When used with the word "if" or alone, it is equivalent to "like" and "like". For example, if you look at it from time to time, you will feel very incompetent. -Tang Zongyuan's "Donkey of Money" (2) It will be very sad to say it. -Qingpu.
The structure of "Ye". For example, Chen Shengsheng is from Yangcheng. -Historical Records of Chen She Family has an uncommon/uncertain meaning of 1. (Indeterminacy, although translated into this meaning in many versions, can't be found in ancient Chinese dictionaries, which may have the same meaning as 1 in the auxiliary word). Put it after the subject and lead to the reason. Just because my husband is here. My wife is beautiful and I am selfish. ④ The crab kneels six times and pinches twice. If it is not the snake and scorpion cave that has no sustenance, it is also impetuous. 2. (Uncertainty) auxiliary words, placed in hypothetical complex sentences, indicate hypothesis, which is equivalent to "if" and "if". Example: ① You can't be a doctor when you enter, but you can't be an invincible foreign patient when you leave. It means the declaration is over. Ex.: ① People who are sent to the mouth of the lake can see the so-called stone clock. (2) when the first minister explained the cow, he saw nothing but the cow. 4. (Extraordinary significance) Cecilia Yip:-Everything in the Eight Classics is Han Feizi: "Nothing is important ... being selfless for the official." [4] Shuo Yuan.
5. What is classical Chinese? Classical Chinese is relative to vernacular Chinese.
The first "article" refers to a written article. "Speech" means writing, expressing and recording. "Classical Chinese", that is, written language, is relative to "spoken language", which is also called "vernacular". The last word "Wen" refers to works, articles, etc. , which means genre.
"Classical Chinese" means "articles written in written language". And "vernacular" means: "articles written in plain spoken language".
writings in the vernacular
In ancient China, it was different to express the same thing in spoken and written language. For example, if you want to ask someone if they have eaten, you can express it in spoken English as "Have you eaten?" And using books and language to express it is "rice?" . "Fanbu" is classical Chinese. In ancient China, all articles were written in written language. Therefore, now we generally refer to ancient Chinese as "classical Chinese"
Classical Chinese is a treasure of China culture, and the ancients left us a lot of classical Chinese. In China, the study of classical Chinese plays a very important role in the Chinese curriculum in middle schools.
Of course, the ancients in other countries also left a lot of classical Chinese.
What is classical Chinese? What does classical Chinese mean?
1. Classical Chinese is wonderful. There is no doubt about it. Classical Chinese is an important part of China traditional culture. This shows that the history of modern civilization in China is still very short, and it is necessary to deconstruct or interpret the traditional culture, because the inheritance of traditional wisdom is based on the correct interpretation of classical Chinese.
2. Classical Chinese is knowledge. Yes, because classical Chinese is no longer a language, it is just a word. But classical Chinese is knowledge, and so is Oracle Bone Inscriptions. Why not learn from Oracle Bone Inscriptions? By the way, it is precisely because Oracle Bone Inscriptions is a relatively primitive writing, so classical Chinese is the basis for further study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and other traditional advanced writing (learning).
3. Classical Chinese is also a skill. The expression, description, combination, transformation, metaphor, comparison and deduction of Chinese fully bear the style of Chinese civilization in ideological expression. Mastering the physical structure of classical Chinese has a profound understanding of modern Chinese, and there are "laws" to follow in the construction of new Chinese.
4. "Classical Chinese" is the antonym of "vernacular Chinese". The structure of this word is as follows: classical Chinese-Chinese. The first "text" is "writing" and "speech" is language. "Classical Chinese" refers to "written language". It shows two meanings: first, it shows that classical Chinese is a language; Secondly, the language was written later. "Written" language also has two meanings: one is a culture that can have language without words, for example, most ethnic minorities only have language without words; Secondly, the function of language quits life and becomes history in the form of words.
The literal meaning of "classical Chinese" should be: the written language style. The latter's "text" refers to style.
So does classical Chinese have a "future" besides archaeological research? In other words, what life application value will it have? I think there is. When the traditional life style fades out of modern society, people just ignore the social life in some marginal fields, which leads to the suspicion or neglect of classical Chinese in modern application. For example, in religious buildings, some inscriptions will still be written in classical Chinese, or in calligraphy and engraved with tools. The application of seal script is also mostly the same.
Let's take a look again. Classical poetry belongs to the category of "classical Chinese", and they have not left us in life. Only in the form of language, even people have left the oral language, and after it has become a text, there are obviously certain normative requirements for the elaboration of skills and the expansion of ideographic expression. Its "future" lies in its application and its ability to awaken vague etymologies and allusions. It can be said that the future is promising.
The word "classical Chinese" can also include the relationship between language and writing in cultural history. In a certain form, once a language, including dialects, is "literate" and written, its language charm will be reduced and its writing function will be doubled. Because language is usually passed down orally and closely related to life, language has not yet entered the cultural state. It is the retention of life experience, without the expansion of words.
In the process of reading classical Chinese, we will inevitably have an illusion: did the ancients say so? I think this can be "felt" through the differences in the expression of written and spoken languages in the present tense, and there is not much difference in the structural rules between them. It can also be speculated that the ancient people's speech is just more casual, albino and popular than classical Chinese, and "three words and two beats" can also be used as a reference. As for reading classical Chinese now, of course, it does not mean repeating the words of the ancients, but reciting or silently reading a style.
Reading classical Chinese is a very clear way of thinking, just like reading the works of western philosophers occasionally, it is very solemn.