What is a running script? In short, it is a kind of writing that is slightly modified on the basis of regular script. It is very simple to write, so it is welcomed by regular script. Running script is a writing style between cursive script and regular script, which is not as difficult to write and recognize as cursive script, nor as rigorous and dignified as regular script. So the ancients said it was "not true and not grass" It is characterized by adopting a certain cursive method, partially simplifying the strokes of regular script, changing the stroke shape of regular script and cursing the structure of regular script. In short, it is more fluent, straightforward and chic than regular script, and easier to recognize and write than cursive script.
Running script is a new writing style accompanied by regular script at the end of Han Dynasty, but it was not widely used at that time. It was not until the appearance of Wang Xizhi in Jin Dynasty that it became popular.
As mentioned above, cursive script and regular script reached Wang Xizhi's hand, forming the most perfect art, and running script is no exception. Wang Xizhi's running script perfectly combines practicality and artistry. As a result, the colorful southern calligraphy art has emerged and become the most influential school in the history of calligraphy. It is well-deserved to regard Wang Xizhi as a "book saint". Wang Xizhi's running script should also rank first in himself.
Wang Xizhi's running script originated in Liu Desheng and Zhong You, and pushed it to a quite mature height. But he left few original works, most of which were copied by later generations. His running script posts include Aunt's Post, Sunny Post in Fast Snow, Preface to Lanting, Preface to Saint Education and so on. Among them, Preface to Lanting is the most outstanding representative of Wang Xizhi's running script, which has been called the best running script in the world in all previous dynasties. Preface to Lanting Collection is March 3rd, the 9th year of Yonghe in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Wang Xizhi and his good friend Xie An and others 12 people got together in Yinshan Lanting (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), drinking and writing poems, telling each other their heartfelt feelings and merging them into praise posts. Wang Xizhi, full of passion, wrote a preface for this poem, which is the preface to Lanting, a timeless streamer. This post shows the highest realm of Wang's calligraphy art, with hidden dew on the pen and borrowing from the side pen. Charming and vigorous, natural and exquisite. The structure is diverse and ingenious. There are more than 20 words "Zhi" and 7 words "No". Although it appears repeatedly, it is not the same. In terms of composition, it is very strange that it is dense and oblique, uneven in size, and the sound is extremely strange. The ancients said that Wang Xizhi's cursive script is like "the breeze comes out of the sleeve and the next month comes into my arms", which is a wonderful metaphor. Unfortunately, this book treasure was buried in Zhaoling as a sacrificial object by Emperor Taizong, and the original will never be seen in the world.
Wang Xianzhi is also good at running script, and his masterpieces include Mid-Autumn Festival Post, Duck Head Nine Post, Bride's Yellow Soup Post and so on. Mid-Autumn Festival stickers are one of the "three wishes". "Duck head nine posts" is also the best in Wang Xianzhi's running script ink. His pen is free and easy. Compared with other posts, this post is obviously different in style, extremely elegant, casual in writing and full of charm. The Bride's Yellow Soup Post and Twenty-nine Posts are also excellent works in Wang Xianzhi's running script. Show off your strength with a pen, smart and happy. In one of Wang's books, there is also a precious ink, which is the post of Wang Xun. Xun is a nephew, and his calligraphy is beautiful and vigorous, natural and unrestrained and smooth, "romantic in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, just like in the eyes". Emperor Qianlong of Qing Dynasty cherished this post very much, and hid it in the study room of Yangxintang with Xi's "Snow Clear Post" and "Mid-Autumn Post", calling it "Sanxi Hall". The so-called "three blessings" are three rare treasures. This post is the earliest existing famous ink calligraphy, which is extremely precious. Among them, Xizhi's "Sunny Post in the Snow" is listed as "the first of three wishes".
In the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin, Emperor Taizong, especially liked the running script of Wang Xizhi. Due to the advocacy of Emperor Taizong, the position of running script in the history of calligraphy became more stable, especially the running script of the two kings system, which enveloped the whole Tang Dynasty and became a generation style. He himself is also a master of running script, and his masterpiece Wenquanming refers to the model of the two kings. This monument is also the first stone carving that applies the running script to the monument. This is a great leap in the history of running script; It also opened up a new field for running script. A calligrapher appeared in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, who pushed the calligraphy of the two kings to a new stage. He is Li Beihai.
The word forever, the word Taihe, because of being the satrap of Beihai, so it is called. While inheriting the two kings, he gave full play to his own characteristics and created a running script. The so-called "running script" refers to the combination of running script strokes and running script strokes, and the structure of running script absorbs the elements of running script. Although this character was tried before Li Beihai, it was truly mature and unified in Li Beihai's works. At that time, Li was praised as "the immortal hand in the book". Li Beihai wrote very hard all his life. Some people say that he wrote more than 800 tablets in his life, and many famous tablets were carved by himself. Handed down works include Lushan Temple Monument, Yunhui General Li Xiubei, Yunhui General Li Sixun Monument, Huokeji Monument, Tolin Temple Monument and Ye Youdao Monument. Among them, "Lushan Temple Monument" is the most Shen Feng.
In fact, the inscription was carved by Li Beihai himself. Later generations called this monument "three wonders": writing, writing and carving.
Yan Zhenqing was an outstanding calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty. Not only was the art of regular script extensive and profound, but he also made great achievements in running script. His running script is vigorous and magnificent, and does not pursue the spirit of carving, but it is permeated with the feelings of integrity, boldness and passion. His famous running script works include Sacrifice to My Nephew, Contention for Seats, Liu Zhongshi and so on. The font is tall and straight, which is praised by calligraphers of all ages. In the Song Dynasty, Mi Fei claimed to be the first book of Yan. Xian Yushu, a Yuan Dynasty man, rated the Draft for Sacrificing a Nephew as the second running script in the world, and some people listed this post as a "double gem" with Wang Xizhi's Preface to Lanting.
Running script took on a new look in the Song Dynasty. Calligraphers often use calligraphy to express their knowledge, personality and mind. Therefore, the ancients commented on the calligraphy of Song people and said that "Song people are still interested". To represent the style of Song Dynasty, Song Sijia should be recommended. Song Sijia refers to Su Shi, Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang.
Su Shi, known as Dongpo Jushi, is knowledgeable and has made brilliant achievements in ancient prose, poetry, painting and calligraphy. It can be said that he is a rare genius in history. He advocates learning from nature in calligraphy, so there is a childlike atmosphere in his works. Representative works include: black cloud posts in the sky, cold food posts, red wall poems, Du Fu's red yang poems, etc. Cold food stickers are valued by the world.
Huang Tingjian, whose real name is Lu Zhi, is also known as Road flyover Valley and Fu Weng. He comes from the gate of Su Shi, and is as famous as Su Shi, and is known as the "Su Huang" of the world. He is also versatile, and his calligraphy pursues overlapping trends. His word is "the palace is full of long strokes and four exhibitions" It is characterized by tight and meticulous middle part and wider periphery. Representative works include: Song Fengge's poems, travels, etc.
Mi Fei, a character seal, has many names, such as the history of Xiangyang and the history of the sea and the moon. His calligraphy attainments should be the first in Song Sijia and the best in the past. It is said that he copied a lot of ink handed down from generation to generation by the two kings. Representative works include Shu Su Tie, Tiaoxi Tie and Fiona Fang Anji. Among them, Shu Sutie can best represent his style. The whole article is full of charm, unrestrained and uninhibited, with wonderful words, flying, sharp and happy pen. Some people regard it as "the first running script of the Song Dynasty", which is not a hollow name.
Cai Xiang, whose real name is Mo Jun, is mainly known for his peace and subtlety. His patriarchal clan system is Yan Zhenqing and Yu Shinan, and there is a circle in the United States and China. Mi Fei commented on his calligraphy and said, "Cai Xiang is like a young woman with a charming figure, slow steps and many ornaments." The representative works are: the poems of Cai Xiang, Xie Lang and Du Li.
The running script of the Yuan Dynasty, like regular script, should be pioneered by Zhao Mengfu. Zhao Mengfu's running script swept away the two Song calligraphy circles. , independent gold tang style god. He had a deep study of Preface to Lanting, and his existence could have entered the room of Jin and Tang Dynasties, and he also gained the essence of Li Beihai. Whether you understand this book or not, when you see Zhao's pages of running script, you will definitely be stunned. Representative works include Thirteen Postscripts of Lanting, Jingtu Temple, Luoshen Fu, Zhongfeng Monastery, Heart Sutra and so on. We can quote the Heart Sutra to appreciate its charm. This post is his middle-aged work, beautiful and lovely.
In the Ming Dynasty, Wen Zhiming was good at running script, and his running script works mainly included Wen Guo Xin Shi, Man Jiang Hong, Chi Fu Bi, Running Script Heart Classic, Preface to Wang Tengting and so on. His running script uses a pen, which is precise and rigorous, and rarely loses its degree. The use of middle front and side front is natural and proper, which is deeply wonderful.
What Dong Qichang was most admired by the world in Ming Dynasty was his running script. His running script is exquisite and natural, and rarely carved; The ink is clear; The words are unique and unique, and the composition is generous and does not fade. Dong Qichang's running script has been handed down from generation to generation, and his representative works include Song Poetry.
Fu Shan, Wang Duo, He were all great calligraphers in the Qing Dynasty. Fu Shan running script turned naive; Wang Duo's running script has a coherent momentum and strong sense of rhythm; Zheng Banqiao's running script is a mixture of official script and official script. He's running script "Patriarchal System", Yan Zhenqing's "Contention for Seats" and "Poems by General Pei" are all unique, and there is a saying of "He" in the world.