Jingdezhen has four famous traditional porcelains: blue and white porcelain, pastel porcelain, color glazed porcelain and exquisite porcelain.
Blue and white porcelain is an underglaze colored porcelain that is painted on the porcelain body with raw materials, then glazed with transparent glaze, and fired at high temperature. The flower surface has a blue pattern, which is beautiful, clear and elegant, and the color It is stable, not easy to wear, and has no disadvantages such as lead dissolution. Gong Gong of the Qing Dynasty praised blue and white porcelain in his "Poetry Song": "The white glaze blue and white porcelain is made by fire, and the flowers are clearly transparent from the glaze. It can be seen from the innate wonderfulness of nature, and Wuji comes from Tai Chi."
Blue and white porcelain was an invention of Jingdezhen porcelain workers during the Yuan Dynasty. Firing was already very mature at that time. By the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen blue and white porcelain was even more famous for its fine glaze, rich blue and white flowers, and diverse shapes. The achievements in blue and white porcelain firing during the Tang, Yong, and Qian years of the Qing Dynasty were even more remarkable. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, blue and white utensils were mainly single pieces in the past and developed into matching ones, with more exquisite pictures. The "blue and white sycamore tableware" produced by the People's Porcelain Factory has won three international awards in Leipzig, France, Brno, the Czech Republic, and Zinnan, Poland, in addition to winning many domestic awards due to its superb quality, traditional style and national characteristics. Exposition Gold Medal.
The use of blue and white materials can be roughly divided into three stages. In the early Ming Dynasty, especially in the early Yongle and Xuande periods, the imported material "Suniboqing" with rich colors was mainly used; in the middle Ming Dynasty from Chenghua to Zhengde, the domestic material "Pingpingqing" with light and elegant blue color was mainly used. After the Jiajing period, the "green material" with blue hair and purple-blue hair color was mainly used.
During the Ming Dynasty, Jingdezhen and other local kilns produced a large number of blue and white porcelain. Patterns and decorations have broken through the shackles of traditional standardization, and there have been a large number of freehand paintings of flowers and birds, people, landscapes and various animals. The compositions are ingenious, the lines are free and easy, sometimes the brushstrokes are carefree, natural and lifelike; sometimes the outlines are free and full of form and spirit. . Common patterns in the Tianqi and Chongzhen years, such as "Blowing the flute to attract the phoenix", "Dharma facing the wall", "Autumn River Ferry", "Dry Stone Cold Birds", "Lotus Egret" and other patterns, some are elegantly written, and some are simple and vigorous. It is subtle and strives to pay attention to the personality of characters and animals, making people think about it.
In the folk blue and white porcelain of the Ming Dynasty, we often see vivid and cute pictures of babies playing, such as "hide and seek", "flying kites", "fighting crickets", etc., with elegant colors and unrestrained writing styles. And beautiful.
In the creation of folk blue and white porcelain in the Ming Dynasty, porcelain painters often skillfully integrated painting and calligraphy. The auspicious symbols of "Fu", "Lu", "Shou" and "Happiness" are not originally painting themes, but ancient porcelain painters also expressed them on porcelain through ingenious conception and sublimated them into images with decorative beauty. For example, in the Jiajing, Longqing, and Wanli periods, it was common to use pine branches to form the characters for "Fu" and "Shou"; during the Wanli and Tianqi years, the Ganoderma lucidum engraving "Shou" and the Ganoderma lucidum engraving "Happiness" were even written directly on porcelain without any foil. The calligraphy of the character "Shou" looks full and fluent, giving people artistic enjoyment.