Art refers to a social ideology that reflects reality with images but is more typical than reality, including literature, calligraphy, painting, sculpture, architecture, music, dance, drama, movies, folk art and so on.
art is an important supplementary method of language, just as in speech, we will use loud voice to represent anger, laugh to represent happiness, and dance to represent anxiety or other feelings to convey to each other. Therefore, every work of art should have its own unique appeal, which is the vitality of art.
2. Classification:
Art embodies and materializes certain aesthetic concepts, tastes and ideals of people. No matter the aesthetic creation or aesthetic acceptance of art, it is necessary to feel and convey through the subject's certain senses and trigger the corresponding aesthetic experience. The aesthetic classification of art should be carried out mainly according to the aesthetic feeling and perceptual mode of the subject. According to this principle, art can be divided into plastic arts, performing arts, comprehensive arts and language arts.
(1) plastic arts
The so-called visual arts are arts, which refer to the art of conveying and accepting aesthetic experience through human visual senses (eyes) and corresponding aesthetic means.
among all kinds of sensory organs, vision is the most complex, delicate and sensitive, and it is also the main source for people to obtain information. The richness and diversity of the external world are often perceived by people through visual activities. Therefore, the types and styles of visual arts are also the most abundant, and even other arts often need to construct artistic images based on visual feelings.
1. painting and sculpture
both painting and sculpture mainly use shape, color and quality, as well as point, line, surface and body to form certain artistic images. The former is expressed in two-dimensional plane, while the latter is shaped in three-dimensional space, and modeling is their most important aesthetic feature.
2. Architecture
Architecture is a symbolic visual art, which "can only imply the meaning of transplanting into it with things in the external environment" and "create a work whose external shape can only imply the meaning in a symbolic way"
3. Calligraphy
As a unique China art, calligraphy is sublimated from practicality. It makes use of the particularity of brush and Xuan paper, and establishes an isomorphic aesthetic relationship between the combined movement of font modeling and people's emotions through the stippling of Chinese characters, which makes each Chinese character seem to have life and reflects the calligrapher's spiritual temperament and aesthetic pursuit. "China's calligraphy is a rhythmic nature, expressing a deep conception of life image and becoming an art that reflects life."
4. Photography
Photography is a visual art with a strong sense of modernity. Since Daguerre, a Frenchman, invented photography in 1839, photography has developed rapidly both technically and aesthetically. In particular, with the development of photography technology, human aesthetic vision has expanded to the vast world from space to the seabed, from micro to macro. Photography has become one of the main expressive tools of people's visual aesthetics today and the "third eye" of human beings.
(II) Performing Arts
1. Music
Music is the art of conveying and accepting aesthetic experience through the auditory senses (ears) and the corresponding aesthetic means.
Music expresses the subject's emotional state through organized musical sounds. Its basic elements include rhythm, melody, timbre, harmony, tone and intensity, which constitute an incomparably rich musical form. Beethoven once praised "music is a higher revelation than all wisdom and philosophy", while Heine emphasized that "music may be the last artistic language".
2. Dance
Dance is an artistic form in which the human body performs continuous movements according to a certain rhythm. It originated from the productive labor of ancient human beings, combined with music and poetry, and is one of the earliest artistic forms in human history.
3. Quyi
Quyi is a general term for various rap arts of the Chinese nation. It is formed by the long-term development and evolution of folk oral literature and singing art, and it is a performing art category that tells stories, shapes characters, expresses thoughts and feelings and reflects social life with "oral rap". Most of them focus on narration, supplemented by endorsement, and have the characteristics of "one person has many angles (that is, one actor simulates multiple roles)", or they say or sing; A few people take endorsement as the main part, narrative as the supplement, and sing in different roles. Different Quyi varieties are closely related to their respective regional dialects, and Quyi music is an important part of Chinese national music. When performing, the number of actors is small, usually only one to two or three, and simple props are used. The performance forms include sitting, standing, singing, standing, walking, disassembling and colorful singing. There are three genres of this song: prose and verse, all prose and all verse. Music styles include "couplet style" of singing Qupai, "main style" of singing seven sentences or cross sentences, or a combination of both.
(3) Comprehensive Art
The so-called comprehensive art refers to the art of conveying and feeling aesthetic experience through the simultaneous activities of visual and auditory senses and corresponding aesthetic means. It mainly includes movies, television, plays and so on.
1. Movies and TV
Movies and TV are both audio-visual arts. Since the birth of the film in 1895, in a short period of more than one hundred years, the artistic creation means and aesthetic expression ability of the film have been rapidly developed and enriched, which not only greatly expanded the aesthetic appeal of the film art, but also formed its own aesthetic characteristics, making it the most expressive art type in the 2th century. As a modern media, television is also a young type of audio-visual art, which permeates all aspects of human real life and has a great impact on contemporary society.
2. Drama
Drama is a comprehensive art organically synthesized by literature, painting, sculpture, music, dance and other art forms. It is an art form in which actors play roles and perform the contradictions, conflicts, development and evolution of life in public.
3. Opera
Opera is a traditional art of the Chinese nation and an enduring wonder in traditional culture. China opera is a combination of music, dance, literature, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts. Traditional Chinese opera has a long history in China. In the long process of development, it has been continuously enriched, innovated and developed after more than 8 years. Paying attention to singing, doing, reading and playing, full of dance and high technology, it is different from other dramas and becomes a complete traditional Chinese opera art system.
(4) Language art
Language art mainly refers to literature. Literature takes written language (words) as the medium, unlike other arts, which directly appeal to people's audio-visual senses. No matter whether literature is conveyed or accepted, it is necessary to feel, experience and construct aesthetic images through subjective imagination.