Whether in ancient times or modern times, there are hierarchies. So do you know the hierarchies of ancient Japanese aristocrats? Below I have compiled knowledge related to the hierarchies of ancient Japanese aristocrats. I hope it will be useful to everyone.
The hierarchy of ancient Japanese nobility
The Shou family is the first-level family: Since this family has five major families, it is also called the Five Shou family
Photographer: the highest ranking family in the public family. It is a family status that can be promoted through the positions of Da Nayan, Right Minister, Left Minister and so on, and finally become Regent, Guan Bai and other high positions. It went through the direct lineage period of Fujiwara Hitaie and Fujiwara Ryofou until the early Kamakura period when Fujiwara Tadamichi's sons Motomi and Kanemi separated from the direct lineage and established the Konoe clan and the Kujo clan respectively.
The Gosaku family: (the first two families were the first to branch off from the direct line, and their status is higher than the last three families)
Kanemi was close to Minamoto Yoritomo of the Kamakura shogunate, and was He was elected as regent and worked hard for Yoritomo to take office and conquer the barbarians. Konoe Motomitsu's great-grandson Kanedaira became the Takaji clan, and Kujo Kanemitsu's grandsons Komi, Yoshimitsu, and Mikado became the Kujo, Nijo, and Ichijo clans. Similar to the struggle between the two emperors for the throne, the separation of the five families among the courtiers was also the result of the shogunate's repressive policy towards the imperial court. Since there are five major photographers in one country, people also call them the "Five Photographers". In the future, the regents and guanbai will be held by these five families in turn (usually the guanbai position will be held, and if the emperor is young, he will take the regent position)
After the Meiji Restoration, the heads of the five major families were appointed? Duke?
The top two regents
Konoe: the head of the five regents. His real surname is Fujiwara, and he is a direct descendant of the Fujiwara Kita family. Fujiwara Tadashi's eldest son Fujiwara Motomi (later Konoe Motomi) is the ancestor. His son Kidomi lived in the mansion north of Konoe and east of Muromachi in Kyoto. It was called "Konoe-den", and thus the Konoe family came into being. The family emblem is the Konoe peony pattern. In the Edo period, he received a fiefdom of three thousand koku.
In the middle of the Kamakura period, the fourth son of Konoe Iemitsu, Kanepei, began to separate the family and established the Takaji clan. In the early Edo period, Nobuhiro, the prince of Emperor Yosei, became the adopted heir of the Takashi clan.
During the Warring States Period, among the Konoe family, there were many scholars and calligraphers such as Konoe Shomichi and Konoe Nobuin. In the Edo period, there were also many talented ceremonialists such as Konoe Naotsugu, Konoe Motohi, and Konoe Iehi. In the later period, Konoe Tadahiro won the trust of Emperor Komei and became a very active advisor around him.
The Kujo Clan: one of the Five Photographic Families, a public family whose status is second only to the Konoe Clan. The direct descendant of the Fujiwara clan's Hoku clan? The third son of Fujiwara Tadumichi, Fujiwara Kanemi (later Kujo Kanemi), was the founder (later Kujo Kanemi) because he lived in Kujo, Kyoto at that time, which gave him the name of the Kujo clan. The family emblem is a nine-striped rattan pattern. Kanemi's grandson, the son of Kujo Taoist school, Kujo Ryōmi, and Kujo Mikoto successively held the post of Shogguan, and then founded the Nijo clan, the Ichijo clan, and then the Goshaku family appeared.
In the Middle Ages, the Kujo clan had a vast territory. In the Edo period, the territory was 2,000 koku, which was later increased to 3,000 koku, and was passed down to the Meiji era.
The last three major photographic families
Takaji clan: one of the five major photographic families. In the middle of the Kamakura period, Kanehei, the fourth son of Konoe Iemichi, a direct descendant of the Fujiwara clan's Hoku clan, was the ancestor. Since his residence at that time was in Takashi Muromachi, Kyoto, he was later called the Takashi clan. The family emblem is a peony pattern.
During the Warring States Period, Tadashi Takaji cut off the family because he had no descendants. In the early Edo Period, Nijo Nobbo, the son of Nijo Haruyoshi, was renamed Takashi Nobbo, thus reviving the family. , and it has been continued ever since.
The lord of the Ueno Yoshii clan.
Nijo clan: one of the five photographic families. The Kujo family lineage of the Fujiwara clan's Kita family. During the Kamakura period, Nijo Yoshimi, the second son of the Kujo Taoist family, lived in Nijo Kyogoku's mansion and it was called Nijo-den. The Nijo family name came from this. The family emblem is a two-striped rattan pattern. The ranking is second only to the Konoe clan and the Kujo clan, and the same as the Ichijo clan and the Takaji clan.
The Ichijo family:
A Japanese aristocratic family, one of the Five Photographic families, after the Fujiwara clan's Kokujo family.
The originator of the Ichijo family is Kujo Sankyo, the fourth son of the Kujo Taoist school of the Fujiwara clan (after the family split, he founded the Ichijo family and renamed it Ichijo Sankyū)
The Tsinghua family is a second-level family structure, and in this family structure There are 9 major families in the hierarchy.
Qinghua family: Gong family? The family rank owned by the Gongqing family, the family rank second only to the Wushe family among the minister families. Generally, he also holds the positions of General of the Guards and Minister. The highest level can be promoted to the Minister of Taizheng. It is also said to be a heroic home. Among the families, the children of the Qinghua family are called Gongda (きんだち). Before the Meiji era, the Chinese referred to this group of people. Tsinghua Family One *** includes nine major families (previously there were seven called "Seven Tsinghua". Later, two were added and renamed "Nine Tsinghua")
Seven major families in the early stage
Kuga clan: The earliest ancestor of the Kuga clan is the Right Minister Genshibo (1008-1077), the son of Prince Kuhei, the eighth prince of Emperor Murakami. They belong to the Genji family. Shifang was the son-in-law of Midang Guanbai, the Taoist priest, and later became the Taoist priest's direct son.
Yorimichi's adopted son, and their descendants have established a deep marriage relationship with the Sheguan family. The fifth grandson of Shifou, Tongqin (1149-1202), joined forces with the Tango Bureau to oust Kanashi Kujo Kanemi from power at that time. From then on, he was known as a powerful family like "Minamoto Hiroki". The direct descendants of the Kuga family held the position of elder of the Genji family and the head of the Shunwa Academy of Scholarships for a long time. During the Muromachi period, they were usurped by Ashikaga Yoshimitsu of the Genji family of the Bushi family. They began to call themselves the "Kuga Clan" because they had a villa called "Kuga Water Pavilion" in Kuaga, Atago County, Yamashiro Province, southwest of Kyoto. The special skill inherited from the family is playing the flute (in ancient Japan, most of the real power of the territory was in the hands of local heroes. Except for the Wushe family, which was relatively well-off, almost every other family among the nobles of each dynasty had some special skills passed down from generation to generation. During the war, they relied on performing their own stunts to make a living. It can be said that they had almost nothing except their proud official positions and noble bloodlines.) The salary in the Edo period was as high as 700 koku. The family crest is: Five dragons and gallbladders.
The Sanjo clan: the direct descendant of the Fujiwara clan's Kita family Kanin style. The family style is Tsinghua family, and the family emblem is the Tang Linghua pattern. The family was divided into many branches such as the Shouchimachi Sanjo family and the Sanjo Nishi family. Fujiwara Kimomi's second son Fujiwara Yuki is the ancestor (later Sanjo Yuki)
The Saionji clan: Saionji family-Fujiwara Kita family Kanin style. The ancestor of his family also came from the second son of Fujiwara Kitaie Kominami, Gonaka Nagan Saionji Toki (1090-1128). Because Toki's mother, Mitsuko Fujiwara, was his wife, Toki became the legitimate son. However, compared with his previous brothers who died in infancy, his official position was the lowest. During the reign of the fourth generation Taizheng Minister Gongjing (1171-1244), since he belonged to the Kinsho faction, he gained great power after the Seungjiu Rebellion and wrested his relatives from the Shekwan family. The original hereditary position of Kanto Shenshi. Gongjing built the family temple Xiyuan Temple in Jingluobei Mountain, and it was called the Xiyuan Temple clan from then on. From this family branch came the Dongwon family (which has become extinct), the Jujeong family and many other branches of the Tangshang family. The family's special skill is playing the lute, and the salary in the Edo period was 600 koku. Family crest: Zuo Sanba
Tokudaiji clan: Fujiwara Kita family Kanin style. The ancestor was Tokudaiji Sannou (1096-1157), the third son of Koji and the left minister. Minoru's direct grandson, Left Minister Minoru Sansada (1139-1191), was the child of Fujiwara Toshinari's sister, so he could be considered a cousin of the family. Minoru himself was a well-known waka writer. This family basically monopolized the harem of Toba and Go-Shirakawa-in, but it gradually began to decline after the Kamakura period. The Saionji family had a strong sense of unity with their fellow clan members. For example, in the Meiji era, Saionji Konobo was born in the Tokudaiji family and later became an heir to the Saionji family. Their family's special skill is playing the flute, and their salary in the Edo period was 410 koku. Family crest: papaya, flower, rhombus and floating thread damask.
Hanayamain clan: Fujiwara Kita family master Minoru. It started with the right minister Hanazhanin Ietada (1062-1136), the second son of the regent Taizheng minister Shimi. This surname came about because Jiachada occupied the eastern part of the Hanashan Emperor's palace (Huashan-in). The third generation of Tadaka (1124-1193) was promoted to the rank of Taizheng Minister because of his clear handling of government affairs and his kinship with Taira Kiyomori. The salary in the Edo period was 750 koku.
Family crest: Du Ruoling.
Osui Mikado clan: Fujiwara Kita family master Minoru. Like the Hanazhanin clan, they were of the same class as the regent Shimizu, but the ancestor of the Okai Mikado clan was Shimizu's other son, Okai Mikado Nosumi (1068-1131). Their family has a mansion north of Dachiyumen and east of Wanli Lane. After that, Susumi took on the position of being the head of the powerful government. Later, his son Suzune (1119-1189) relied on the relationship with Emperor Nijo's cousin to be promoted. After being promoted to the position of left minister, he ensured the family status of the Tsinghua family. Zong recognized the daughter-in-law of Xianyuan Liugongshi as his mother). The special skills inherited from the family are pendo, waka, flute, and costume. The salary in the Edo period was 400 koku. Family crest: Hibiscus grass.
The Imadegawa clan (Kikutei clan): Kanin-ryu of the Fujiwara Kita family, a concubine of the Saionji family. The son of Saionji Minakane, the Taishō Minister of the Kamakura period, Zuojiji Kaneki separated from the family and became independent. After that, he changed his surname to Kikutei? Imadegawa. Therefore, he made Imadegawa his residence. The salary in the Edo period was 1,355 koku. Family crest: three maples.
Two major families in the later period:
Daigo clan: Fujiwara Kita family took charge of Kanliu. In the Edo period, a branch family was established from the Ichijo family of the Goshaku family. The first generation leader was the second son of Regent Gon Daigo Toki (1648-1697). The salary is 312 stones. Family crest: Shimo vine.
Hiroba clan: Masachika-machi Minamoto clan. The family was founded by Minamoto Tadayuki (1623-1669), the son of Prince Tomohito Hachijomiya, grandson of Emperor Shochimachi, who was demoted to the rank of retainer. Tadayuki was the first generation, and later joined the Owari clan and became a samurai clan. However, he was later promoted to Dainagon after returning to Kyoto. The salary amount is 500 shi. Family crest: sixteen-leaf chrysanthemum.