the origin of Zhang surname can be traced back to ancient legends.
1. It came from the Yellow Emperor. According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, the Prime Minister's Lineage Table, the Annals of the Clan and the Compilation of Yuanhe's Surname, "The fifth son of the Qing Yang's brother of the Yellow Emperor Shao Hao waved his bow and arrow, and his descendants gave him the surname Zhang." Therefore, it can be seen that he was once the inventor of the important weapon bow, and later he took Zhang as his surname. It's for the Zhang family in Hebei.
2. Descendants of the surname of the Yellow Emperor Ji. According to "A Brief History of the Clan", in the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a doctor in the State of Jin, whose name was Zhang Hou, and his grandson named Zhang, also known as Zhang. In addition, Zhang became an official in the Jin Dynasty. After the division of the State of Jin by Korea, Zhao and Wei in 43 BC, most of them moved with the capital of the three countries, except for some of them. It is for the Zhang family in Shanxi, Hebei and Henan.
3. Self-given surname or his surname, and his family changed his surname. According to the Minutes of Reading Historical Records, Long Youna, the chief of Nanman who lived in Yunnan, was given the surname Zhang by Zhuge Liang of Shu in the Three Kingdoms, and later his descendants took Zhang as their surname. Zhang Liao, the general of Wei, was originally named Nie and later changed to Zhang. There are also some ethnic minorities who change their surnames to Zhang.
4. Change other surnames to Zhang. According to the reflection of Wei Zhi, during the Three Kingdoms period, Zhang Liao, a famous Cao Wei, changed his surname from Nie to Zhang. In addition, people with Han and Ji surnames and many ethnic minorities such as Xianbei, Xiongnu and Qidan changed their surnames to Zhang.
the surname is ancestor
Zhang Hui. The birth of Zhang is very old, with a history of about 5, years. In the era of Huangdi, the earliest ancestor of humanities, Huangdi had a son named Shao Hao Qingyang, and Shao Hao's son, Yao, was clever and used his brains since childhood. Once, he watched the night sky and was inspired by the combination of stars. After research, he invented the bow. At that time, people basically made a living by hunting, and the invention of the bow was a great event, so the Yellow Emperor named it "Gong Zheng", also known as "Bow Length", and combined the official names into one and gave him the surname "Zhang". Zhang Hui became the ancestor of Zhang.
Migration and distribution
Zhang is an pictographic character, which looks like a person who wants to shoot with a bow.
Zhang, with a traditional Chinese character as an eye, is made up of a bow and a long left and right. When introducing their surnames to others, people surnamed Zhang all call it "bow-bent Zhang", which shows that they attach great importance to the "bow" in their surnames. From the point of view of philology, "bow" is also at the core of the word "Zhang".
Zhang Zi has not been found in Oracle Bone Inscriptions, but there are many inscriptions on bronze and stone, and their writing styles are also different. Although these characters are written in different ways, they have a basic feature, that is, they are inseparable from the bow, arrow and length, especially the bow. It can be said that there is no Zhang without a bow. Judging from the evolution of glyphs, Zhang was originally a combination of bow and arrow. Bow and arrow are naturally combined, and if there is a bow, there is bound to be a target, so there is no need to emphasize it again. Therefore, later, the arrow gradually withdrew and gave way to the long bow, and finally stabilized into a consortium of long bows. A long bow means that this bow is more powerful than ordinary bows.
Zhang has many meanings. There are 21 meanings in the new Chinese Dictionary, and there are more than ten kinds in general dictionaries, such as exaggeration, opening, strengthening, filling, posting, reading, looking, expanding, arranging, etc. But most of them are derived from later generations, and there are not many meanings in the earliest dictionaries. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said: "Zhang, bow string is also used. From the bow, long sound. " Guangya Interpretation III: "Zhang, Shi Ye." There is another meaning, which can be found in Zhou Li Qiu Guan: "Luo takes birds and animals and says Zhang." Hu Sansheng also said: "Zhang, set it up, set it up as a machine trap to serve the birds and animals."
The Zhang family also has a surname based on their ancestors' names. In the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Jin had Zhang Jie, whose name was Zhang Hou. Later, it took the word grandfather as its surname. From then on, the state of Jin had a surname of Zhang. In 43 BC, after Zhao, Han and Wei divided the State of Jin, the population of Zhang was also scattered in three vassal states.
Both of these statements explain the origin, reproduction and even becoming the third surname today. First, Zhang's surname has a long history, and it is one of the earliest surnames in China, and it is highly valued. In primitive clan society, hunting is an extremely important means for people to make a living, and the position and function of bow and arrow can be imagined. Moreover, at that time, the few tribes of Dongyi flourished, spreading all over the vast area between Shandong Peninsula, northern Jiangsu and Jianghuai. According to legend, Shang tribes are its direct descendants.
Second, Zhang's surname is widely distributed, and it was found in the State of Jin. With the division of the three families into Jin, it spread all over Zhao, Han and Wei countries, that is, the vast areas in North China and Central Plains today.
Many people have been given their surnames changed to Zhang; For example, in the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang gave Long You the name of Zhang; Zhang Liao, the general of Cao Wei, was originally a Nie, and later changed his surname to Zhang. Many non-Han people change their surnames to Zhang. The Tejia family in the Jin Dynasty took Zhang as their surname because they lived in Zhanghuangbao for generations. In the Yuan Dynasty, many Mongolians and Semu people changed their surnames to Han, and they often changed their surnames to Han, which also expanded the population of Zhang.
According to records, in the Jin Dynasty, the Zhang family of the Central Plains moved to Fujian; During the general chapter of Tang Gaozong, Zheng Chen and Chen Yuanguang were ordered to enter Fujian, accompanied by the Central Plains Zhang Military Academy. After Wang Chao and Wang Shenzhi entered Fujian, Zhang Mu, a native of Gushi, Henan Province, accompanied them to live in Meixi, Gutian, and was later named Liang Guogong. Fujian Zhang, roughly divided into Jianhu, Jinpo, Bange and other schools according to their place of residence, later moved to Guangdong, and all said that their ancestors came from Gushi, Gwangju, Henan. From the beginning of Qing Dynasty, people from Fujian and Guangdong Zhang moved to Taiwan Province one after another, and many people went overseas to make a living.
Zhang's family is mostly from the north, mainly from the Han nationality, but many people have merged into ethnic minorities in many great ethnic integrations. Zhang, who emigrated overseas, is now mainly distributed in Singapore, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, the United States, Britain, France, Australia, Panama and other countries and Hong Kong.
Huangdi, Zhang's recognized consanguineous ancestor, was the leader of the Huaxia tribe alliance in the ancient legend era. He ruled the world with virtue, benevolence and faith, selected the virtuous and appointed the competent, and severely punished the stubborn and fierce, thus creating a prosperous time of singing and dancing.
No. of County Lookout Hall
1. County Lookout
Qinghe County: It was established in the Han Dynasty and was ruled in Qingyang (now southeast of Qinghe, Hebei Province). This branch of the Zhang family lived in Wucheng, and its ancestor was Zhang Xin, a grandson of Zhang Liang of Han Liu Hou.
Fanyang County: In the seventh year of Wei and Huang Chu in the Three Kingdoms (AD 226), it was changed to Zhuojun County, where it ruled (now Hebei Province). The ancestor of this Zhang family is Zhang Yu, the son of Sikong Zhang Hao in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Taiyuan County: During the Warring States Period, it was located in Jinyang (now southwest of Taiyuan City). This branch of Zhang's family originated from General Pingdong of the Northern Wei Dynasty and Zhang Wei, the secretariat of Yingzhou.
jingzhao county: it was located in Chang' an (now northwest of Xi' an city, Shaanxi province) during the Han dynasty. This branch of the Zhang family, whose ancestor was Zhang Tang, the ancient imperial physician of the Western Han Dynasty.
Dunhuang County: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was separated from Jiuquan County and ruled in Dunhuang County (now west of Dunhuang County, Gansu Province). Administer the western end of Hexi Corridor.
Anding County: the county was established in the Western Han Dynasty, and its governing place was Gaoping (now Guyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region). The Eastern Jin Dynasty moved to Anding (now Jingchuan North, Gansu Province). This Zhang family is after Zhang Er, the king of Zhao in the Western Han Dynasty.
Xiangyang county: Xiangyang county was established in the Han dynasty, and Xiangyang county was established at the end of the eastern Han dynasty. Governance in Xiangyang (now Xiangfan City, Hubei Province). Later, Xiangyang was ruled by county, state, road and government. The ancestor of this Zhang family is Zhang Anzhi.
Luoyang county: Qin always set the county, and Eastern Wei set the county. Han and Wei Shizhi are located in the north bank of East Luoshui, Baima Temple, Luoyang; The Sui and Tang Dynasties moved the West Shili of Seoul.
Hedong county: it was located in Anyi (now northwest of Xia county, Shanxi province) during the Qin dynasty. Governing the area east of the Yellow River and Xiaxian County in Shanxi Province today.
Shixing County: The Three Kingdoms Wu was separated from Guiyang County, and it was governed by Qujiang (now the south of Shaoguan City, Guangdong Province). Governance is equivalent to Lianjiang, Qujiang and Shaoguan in Guangdong Province today.
Feng Yi County: Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty set Zuo Feng Yi, and the Three Kingdoms Wei Dynasty changed it to Feng Yi County. Governance is located in Linjin (now Dali, Shaanxi Province).
Wu County: It was located in Huiji County at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Governance is located in Wuxian (now Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Administer the area south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province today.
Pingyuan county: it was established in the early Western Han Dynasty, and it is located in the plain (southwest of Pingyuan County today). Governance is equivalent to today's Pingyuan County in the northwest of Shandong Province.
Hejian County: It was originally the land of Zhao in the Warring States Period. Emperor Henkel set the county. Governance is located in Lecheng (now southeast of xian county, Hebei Province). Governance in today's Hejian County, central Hebei Province.
Zhongshan County: During the Warring States Period, it was Zhongshan State, and Emperor Hangao set the county. Governance is located in Lunu (now Dingzhou, Hebei Province). Governance is equivalent to the northern part of Hebei Province today.
Wei county: the first place of Emperor Han Gaodi. It is equivalent to the area between Wei County, Hebei Province, Xun County, Henan Province and guanxian, Shandong Province. Governance is located in Ye County (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province).
Shu county: it was located in the Qin dynasty during the warring States period and was ruled in Chengdu (now Sichuan province). Administer the area around Chengdu, Sichuan Province.
Wuwei county: located in the western Han dynasty. It is equivalent to the area west of the Yellow River in Gansu Province and east of Wuwei. Governance in Wuwei (now northeast of Minqin County, Gansu Province).
Qianwei County: the sixth year of Jianyuan in the Western Han Dynasty. Yizhou is located in the southwest of Yibin County, Sichuan Province. Governance is located in our county (now Zunyi City, Guizhou Province).
Pei County: Emperor Han Gao changed Sishui County to Pei County, and changed it to Pei State in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Governance is located in Xiangxiang County (now northwest of Suixi County, Anhui Province).
Liang County: Emperor Gao of the Han Dynasty established Liang State, and it was changed to Liang County in the Southern Song Dynasty. It is equivalent to the area from Shangqiu, Henan Province to Dangshan, Anhui Province. Governance in Suiyang (now Shangqiu South, Henan Province).
Ji county: it was established in the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty in the second year, and it soon became obsolete. Governance is located in Jixian County (now southwest of Jixian County, Henan Province).
Hanoi county: it was set at the time of Chu and Han dynasties. It is equivalent to the area of Wuzhi County on the north bank of the Yellow River in Henan Province. Governance is located in Huai County (now southwest of Wuzhi County, Henan Province).
gaoping county: in the first year of Taishi in the western Jin dynasty, Shanyang county was changed to gaoping county, which is located in Juye county, Shandong province. Governance is located in Changyi (now south of Juye County, Shandong Province).
Shanggu County: Yan was set up in the Warring States Period, and Juyang was the place where Qin ruled (now southeast of Huailai, Hebei Province).
2. Hall number
Bairentang: In the Tang Dynasty, Zhang Gongyi IX lived together, which had a great influence on the social customs at that time. Tang Gaozong went to his home and asked him to introduce his experience of living in harmony. Zhang Gong took a pen and wrote 1 words of "forbearance" and presented them to Gao Zong. Emperor Gaozong admired it and rewarded Zhang Gong with 1 feet of silks and satins.
in addition, the main hall names of Zhang are Qinghe Hall, Jinjiantang, Xiaoyou Hall, Qinmu Hall, Guanyingtang, Yanyi Hall, Dunmu Hall, Zongyue Hall, Jingyitang and Yuanliu Hall.
Zhang's celebrity
Zhang Yi (former? ~ 39)
wei ren in the Warring States Period. King Hui of Qin lobbied the six countries with Lian Heng's strategy, and made them betray the treaty to serve Qin. Hui Wang died, and the six countries combined to carry Qin, and the ministers slandered him, but went to Qin for Wei Xiang and died a year later.
Zhang Liang (former? -the first 186)
ovary. Famous officials in the early Han Dynasty. Originally a son of Korea, Qin destroyed Korea, and he wanted to avenge himself. He made people attack the first emperor in Bolangsha, but missed it, so he changed his name and hid himself in the next Pi, and was subjected to the art of war by Taigong. Later, he planned to set the world for Gao Zu, sealed Liu Hou, treated Huang Lao well in the evening, and learned the art of avoiding the valley. The death of wencheng.
Zhang Daoling (34 ~ 155)
The real founder of Taoism, whose real name is Ling, was born in Peiguo (now northwest of Suxian County, Anhui Province) in the Eastern Han Dynasty. To confuse people with the charm of water, scholars must produce five buckets of rice, so the world calls it five buckets of rice. Also known as Zhang Tianshi.
Zhang Fei (? ~ 271)
The word "Yi De" and "Yi De" were born in Zhuojun County (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) in the Three Kingdoms. Don't worry about Guan Yu. Liu Bei is an enemy of ten thousand people. Official to ride a general, seal the marquis of Xixiang. Liu Bei attacked Wu, led his troops to meet, and was killed by his men before sending troops. Huan Shi.
Zhang Lihua
The princess of Chen Houzhu in the Southern Dynasties was gorgeous, intelligent and memorized, and her late master often held her lap, which was an important event of business, army and country. When the country perished, it went into the well with the deceased, but Sui Jun tackled it and cut it. Later, it was worshipped as the October hibiscus flower god.
Zhang Juzheng (1525 ~ 1582)
Uncle Da was born in Jiangling, Ming Dynasty. Mu Zongshi entered the cabinet, while Shen Zongshi was the first record, and the reputation was real, and the reward was punished. put in order Jigang implemented a whipping method, which lasted for ten years and was called governance at home. The pawn is Wen Zhong. He is the author of Taiyue Collection, Emperor Jian Tu Shuo and so on.
Zhang Qian (? ~ the first 114)
Ziwen was born in Chenggu (now Chenggu County, Shaanxi Province) in the Western Han Dynasty. When Emperor Wudi was a military official, he paid homage to the corps commander, sent ambassadors to Wusun, and sent envoys to Dawan, Kangju and Daxia. Since then, the northwest countries have communicated with the Han Dynasty, enabling the Han Dynasty to communicate with Central Asia, and opened up two routes to the western regions, introducing excellent horse breeds, grapes and alfalfa.
Zhang Xu
was born in Wu (now Suzhou, Jiangsu) in the Tang Dynasty, and his date of birth and death is unknown. He is a famous calligrapher, most famous for cursive script, and known as the sage of grass. Its calligraphy has a strange escape, continuous winding and a new style. With Li Bai's poetry and Pei Min's sword dance. According to legend, when he was drunk, he often shouted and ran away, and he put pen to paper. Sometimes he wrote books with ink, so he was called Zhang Dian and Shudian.
Zhang Shicheng (1321 ~ 1367)
Xiaozi Jiusi was born in Taizhou (now Taixian County, Jiangsu Province) in the Yuan Dynasty. One of the heroes at the end of Yuan Dynasty. Ben was engaged in salt transportation. Later, according to Wuzhong, he claimed to be the King of Wu. Later, he was captured by Ming generals Xu Da and Chang Yuchun and committed suicide.
Zhang Sanfeng
The date of birth and death is unknown. Tai Ji Chuan, created by Wudang Taoist in the Song Dynasty, was famous at that time, and its method was passed down to later generations, called Neijia Boxing, also known as wu-tang clan. Or Zhang Sanfeng. (2) Ming Quan, a Junbao, was born in Yizhou, Liaodong, Ming Dynasty (now in Heishan County), with an unknown date of birth and death. Because of its untidiness, it is also called Zhang slovenly. History says that he didn't go hungry for months, but he could know before, and it was impossible for Taizu and Chengzu to ask for it. When Yingzong gave it to Tongwei, he became a real person.
Zhang Zuolin (1875 ~ 1928)
Ziyu Pavilion was born in Fengcheng. The official of the Republic of China visited the three northeastern provinces, held the military and political power in the three provinces, and was the leader of the Feng Department. Two direct wars, the first defeat and then victory. In 16 years of the Republic of China, he was called Grand Marshal and formed a government in Beijing. In the seventeenth year, the National Revolutionary Army arrived in Hebei, but it was defeated militarily, and it returned to the customs. Until Huanggutun was injured by the Japanese army, he died after a few injuries.
clan characteristics
1. The surname was acquired earlier and has a long history.
2. The Zhang clan is flourishing, and the characters in each county are arranged in an orderly way. During the Guangxu period of the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Yun selected and compiled Zhang's Genealogy, and there was a word behavior in Huangxian County, Shandong Province: "The foundation can last for a long time, the fame is high, Yan Qing is the ambition, and Zhao Xi is eternal." Zhang Maoqing published and revised Zhang's Genealogy, and there was a word named Zhang in Runcheng, Jiangsu Province: "I am eager to use allusions, and I have a long history, a house of celebration, Confucianism and Buddhism, and I am prosperous in my fortune." According to Zhang's Genealogy compiled by Zhang Mianxi in 1935, a word of Zhang's surname in Guilin, Guangxi, said: "Increase his mind and nature, his appearance is pure and elegant, and his accumulation is profound and profound, and his country is grateful to him."
Zhang's ancestral hall universal couplets
[Inscription on the lintel of Zhang's ancestral hall]
Jin Jian's family style endures
"Jin Jian's family style" comes from the story of Zhang Jiuling, a famous prime minister in the Tang Dynasty. Zhang Jiuling, Zi Zishou, was born in Qujiang, Shaozhou (now Shaoguan, Guangdong). In order to keep the country safe and secure, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty instructed Zhang Jiuling to sum up the experience of governing the country from generation to generation, and Zhang Dongchaqiuhao made a clear judgment. He summarized the theory of the rise and fall of the dynasty with a sharp pen, and wrote a book in five volumes, which was very appreciated by Emperor Xuanzong, and was given as "A Golden Mirror for a Thousand Years", which was treasured as an inscription on governing the country. "Jin Jian Jia Feng" is based on this. During Zhang Jiuling's tenure as prime minister, many sages relied on him, the world was highly respected, and his writing style was the best. Today, the Meiling ancient post road leading to Guangdong in Dayu, Jiangxi Province was ordered by Zhang Jiuling to be cut through, which made the Central Plains and the outside of the ridge connect, that is, this end, which contributed greatly.
"forbearance is a family heirloom" is Zhang Gongyi's deeds. Zhang Gongyi, whose name is Qian Lu, is the 111th ancestor of Zhang. Public art is eager for public interests and righteousness, ready to help others, cultivate one's morality and cultivate one's character, be open-minded, treat others with kindness and magnanimity.