Su Shi (1037—11year) was a famous writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. Zi Zi Zhan, a famous Dongpo layman, was born in Meishan (Sichuan) and had a rough life. He is versatile in literature and art, and in prose, he is one of the "Eight Masters" in Tang and Song Dynasties. He is called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and "Su San" with his father Su Xun and his brother Su Zhe. As far as the style of ci is concerned, he is the pioneer of the uninhibited school, and is called "Su Xin" together with Xin Qiji in the Southern Song Dynasty. Outstanding achievements in poetry creation, and Huang Tingjian in the Northern Song Dynasty and Lu You in the Southern Song Dynasty are also called "Sulu"; His calligraphy attainments are extremely high, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Cai Xiang, Huang Tingjian and Mi Fei. Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia is one of his representative works.
2. Background introduction
Su Shi was arrested and imprisoned for "Wutai Poetry Case". After he was released from prison, he was demoted to Huangzhou Yong ying assistant ambassador. This is an idle post. He practiced in the old city camp, traveled and visited the ancient times, and was frustrated politically, which bred his thoughts and emotions of escaping from reality and being powerless. However, because of his open-minded mind, inspired by the majestic mountains and rivers of the motherland and historical figures, he wrote a series of famous articles, and this word is his masterpiece.
3. Vocabulary knowledge
Words are divided into poems, long and short sentences, lyrics and music. The original full name is "Quzi Ci", which is the lyrics in the song. Originated from the folk, flourished in Sui and Tang Dynasties and flourished in Song Dynasty. Every word has a tone name, which is called tone or epigraph.
Ci can be divided into bold and graceful schools according to style, and poetry, middle tune and long tune according to the number of words.
(2) Students read by themselves, sketch new words and consult reference books for answers.
Appendix:
Possible new words for students
(1) Rock (jο): Rock or stone beach protruding from the water surface.
(2) guān: a headscarf tied with blue ribbon in ancient times.
⑶ qiáng: mast (high pole for hanging sail).
⑷ (lèi): Sprinkle wine on the ground as a souvenir. Sacrifice the moon and sprinkle wine on the text to pin your feelings.
(3) Students independently cooperate to explore and sort out the basic knowledge of classical Chinese (Note: this part can be referred to as "students' books" or as a preview for inspection. If it is to save class time, it can also be done after class)
1. Common word
(1) Early flowering Fahua: through "flower", gray.
(2) Return a statue of an elder Jiang Moon: hand a "bottle" and drink a cup.
2. Synonyms in ancient and modern times
(1) River of No Return Gu Jiang: especially the Yangtze River. Today: refers to rivers in general.
⑵ Romantic figures throughout the ages have romantic feelings in ancient times: ancient times have merits and ancient times have literary talents. Today: related to the love between men and women; Flirty and dissolute.
(3) The old country lingers in the old country: the old place. Today: the old country.
3. Polysemy
therefore
The old base in the west (Su Shi's Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia) is an old adjective.
Major state-owned accidents make people mind their own affairs (Zhou Li, local officials, township doctors), accidents, nouns.
For no reason (idiom), reason, noun.
I want to die because of my rude words (Historical Records Chen She Family). Intention, adverb.
Wei Jun said, so I praised it (Everything is done wrong Nan Yi) as "real", originally, it was an adverb.
Seek to retreat, so enter (The Analects of Confucius Advanced), so, so, take it together.
4. Flexible use of parts of speech
The river of no return in the East. Nouns are used as adverbials.
Smoke and ash: like ash, like smoke, nouns as adverbials.
5. Classical Chinese sentence patterns
Wandering in the old country (inverted sentence, it should be: wandering in the old country. )
Affectionate Ying Xiao Wo (inverted sentence, it should be: Ying Xiao Wo is affectionate. )
Third, read the text again and explore thoughts and feelings.
(A) to explore the content written in the article
Uptown: Describe what you see and draw out historical figures.
Xia Gan: I miss Zhou Yu, express my admiration for historical figures, and express my feelings about life.
(B) explore the thoughts and feelings expressed in the article
Uptown: From far away (through the ages) to near (the Three Kingdoms), from Jiangshan (the great river, Chibi) to figures (romantic figures, Zhou Lang), from numerous (romantic figures through the ages, how many heroes are there at a time) to individuals (Zhou Lang), young Zhou Lang and Chibi made great achievements and pushed them in front of us like close-ups, which led to the characters being remembered.
Xia Gan: I miss Zhou Yu's heroic achievements. Zhou Yu is young and handsome, his career is booming, he is brave and smart, and he has made great achievements in the Chibi War, which makes the author admire him. This shows that the author also wants to be as young and promising as Zhou Yu. But at this time, the author looks at himself, and he is old, "born early", and his ambition is hard to be rewarded, so the author sent a gift of "life is like a dream"
Generally speaking, the author wants to express his thoughts and feelings, whether he writes about scenery or remembers the past, that is, he yearns for the heroic achievements of ancient times and wants to make contributions and make achievements like ancient heroes; However, due to various reasons, unconsciously, I am wasting my life, getting old, and my ambition is hard to pay; Under such circumstances, the author gave a helpless sigh that "life is like a dream".
It can be said that the whole word fully embodies the author's bold and unrestrained style, whether it is his yearning for heroic achievements or his fierce sigh for the shortcomings of life that are difficult to break out. Some people may feel negative thoughts from the author's exclamation about "life is like a dream". However, judging from the author's situation and inner anguish, the author's lament is not only telling the truth, but also an open-minded understanding and perception of life, which is difficult for us ordinary people who are very much in love with each other, and is in the same strain as his bold words.
Fourth, read the text and explore the artistic features.
(A) Exploration of ideas
What are the characteristics of the historical figures in the last movie? What role did it play?
The author wrote this film to draw out those memorable historical figures. When drawing out the historical figures to be remembered, the author was drawn out by the romantic figures of the great river and the times. Chibi, which once left the footprints of historical figures, was introduced from the whole river, and Zhou Lang, who once made great contributions, was introduced from romantic figures throughout the ages, which laid a magnificent background for the appearance of the characters, played a role in setting off the characters and rendering the atmosphere, showed their extraordinary deeds and highlighted their extraordinary position in the author's mind. The description of Chibi, a magnificent scene where people once made a difference on the river, is consistent with the tone of the people. Picturesque mountains and rivers and legendary deeds complement each other.
(B) the study of scenery description
How does the author describe the scene of Chibi? What are the characteristics of the scenery? What is the emotional tone?
On Rhetorical Mood from the Features of Words
Dangerous, grotesque, exaggerated and unrestrained.
Dress tall and steep
Shock and surge sound analogy
Water and stones beat each other.
A surging metaphor
Snow water is pure white.
(C) Comparative expression skills to explore
There is a comparison between the author himself and Zhou Yu in the text. Please fill in the following table and analyze it.
(Supplement: In the third year of Jian 'an, Sun Ce personally married 24-year-old Zhou Yu, awarded the title of "Commander" and took Anhui City away. After the victory of the Battle of Wancheng, Zhou Yu married Xiao Qiao. )
Project zhoushi
Age is 24 years old and 47 years old.
Happy marriage, unhappy again and again.
Handsome and elegant, early life, rich hair.
Deputy Special Envoy of Wu Dong DuDu League.
If you succeed, you will not succeed.
The tone is emotional and sentimental.
Attachment: an in-depth study of the above comparison.
1. How to understand this contradiction (emotion and sentimentality)?
(Combined with Su Shi's life thought: Su Shi, a famous writer in the Northern Song Dynasty, was born in Meishan. A 20-year-old scholar wants to make a difference. He realized the weakness of the national strength in the Northern Song Dynasty and the serious threat of the military regime in Liao and Xia Dynasties, hoping to resist foreign aggression and make contributions on the battlefield. His political thoughts are very conservative. In Song Shenzong, Wang Anshi came to power and promulgated new laws. He strongly opposed it and wrote poems to satirize it. As a result, he was impeached and slandered by the new official and was arrested and imprisoned. Later, he was demoted to Yingyong Huangzhou. Song Zhezong once moved to Hanlin as a bachelor. He was banished to Huizhou and moved to Qiongzhou. Died in Changzhou. )
The recollection of Zhou Yu shows an ideal, but the frustration of being stranded is reality, and the contradiction of emotional tone actually reflects the contradiction between ideal and reality.
2. How did the author solve this contradiction?
("The deceased is like a husband", life is beautiful but short, so some people sigh, "Life is short"; Some people eat, drink and be merry in time, "singing opera on wine, life geometry"; Some people drown their sorrows by drinking, "and we will drown the sorrows of generations!" " ; Some people are cynical and "one game, one dream". So, how did Su Shi treat it? )
"Life is like a dream", life is short and illusory, so why insist? Sprinkle wine into the river and sacrifice the moon with wine, hoping that sorrow will go with the river forever. There is a detachment and broadmindedness in emotion and action.
(D) explore the style of writing
What are the bold and unconstrained words?
The boldness of "Red Cliff Nostalgia" is manifested in three aspects:
1. The scenery description is bold: watching "River of No Return", what you see is "flying stones flying over the air", the use of exaggeration and metaphor, the description of galloping and swimming, which shows us a vast landscape and great boldness of vision.
2. Zhou Yu's heroic image: the object highly praised by the author. The author chooses three aspects, namely, a happy marriage, elegant manners and excellent command ability, and three close-ups, which vividly depict the demeanor of an all-powerful Confucian general. This young hero, who achieved great success and made outstanding contributions in Battle of Red Cliffs, entrusted the author's life ideal.
3, today's pain is uninhibited: born at an untimely time, ambitious, but innocent of conscience. However, "romantic figures" are also to be erased by the long river of history. Jiang Yue Jiang Feng, it is better to raise a glass, and the poet finds relief in his loss.
Fifth, dig deep and discuss independently after class.
1. In the third year of Jian 'an, Sun Ce personally married Zhou Yu, who was 24 years old at that time, awarded the position of "Jianwei corps commander" and captured Anhui City with him. Zhou Yu took Xiao Qiao with him when he won the battle of Wancheng, and it was ten years before he commanded Battle of Red Cliffs. Here, the events of ten years ago are concentrated in front of Battle of Red Cliffs. Why?
Taking beautiful women as heroes, (Shi and boating on the lake)
Set off the hero with beauty, Zhou Yu's charm is natural and unrestrained, young and promising, enough to make people envy.
2. Recite this word.
Sixth, the class summary
This word is magnificent, ups and downs, and absolutely ancient. Knowing that life is like a dream, it is written about the glory of life, and it is difficult to distinguish between negative and positive. Although the achievement of life is brilliant, and eventually ends in a dream, even if it is brilliant after all, perhaps a brilliant life like a dream is more worth cherishing and more desirable. From the past to the present, philosophy and life, in the grand atmosphere, are full of lingering feelings.
Attachment: Outline of blackboard writing
Great river, a romantic figure through the ages
Qianjunying
How many heroes are there in the real scene?
Tao Jing Yijing
Ye Gong, Cai Feng, Jiangshan, Zhou Lang
Yearning for ancient heroes
mood
The feeling of ambition is hard to give.