Writing background
This poem was written in the third year of Shaoxi in Song Guangzong (A.D. 1 192), when the poet was 68 years old and lived in his hometown of Yin Shan (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang). The original poem * * *, choose the second one here.
This is a patriotic poem written by Lu You, who is nearly seventy years old, lying in a cold quilt on a stormy cold night, supporting his aging body.
The first two sentences of this poem directly express the poet's own feelings. "Sleeping stiff" tells the poet's old feelings, while "lonely village" shows a state of isolation, which is extremely "stiff" and "lonely". Why not "feel sorry for yourself"? Because the poet's enthusiasm for patriotism has reached the level of selflessness, he no longer pays attention to personal health and living environment, but has the spirit of "thinking for the country and guarding the wheel platform", and still has the spirit of "an old horse crouching tiger, aiming for a thousand miles". However, he doesn't know that the reality is cruel and independent of human will. All he can do is "think". These two sentences focus on the word "thinking", which shows the poet's unswerving ambition to serve the country and his concern for the country and the people!
The last two sentences are the deepening of the first two sentences, which are vividly written around the word "dream" The poet's concern for national affairs led to the dream of a military campaign, which reappeared his ambition of "guarding the wheel platform" in the form of a dream. Dreaming reflects the sadness of political reality: the poet's desire to serve the country was rejected, and he could not kill the enemy. His feelings of protecting the enemy could only be reflected in his dreams. However, the poet "has no self-pity", but his heart of serving the country and killing the enemy is even stronger. I think about it every day and dream every night. Therefore, the dream of "Tiema Glacier" fully shows the poet's strong patriotic thoughts and feelings.
Compared with the poet's other poems for the aged, this poem is unique in writing. Its main feature is to express feelings in dreams. Before Lu You, there were many excellent poems about dreams. Li Bai's poem "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" depicts a fantastic and colorful dream. Du Fu's poem "Two Dreams of Li Bai" describes the poet's dream of parting and friendship with Li Baixing. Su Shi's poem Jiangchengzi (Ten Years of Life and Death) describes the poet's dream of mourning his dead wife. The dreams in Lu You's poems are mostly patriotic dreams. There are nearly a hundred poems about dreams in Lu You's "Poems of Jian Nan". In the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Yi once commented on Lu You's poems in Volume 6 of Ou Bei Shi Hua: "That is, if you remember dreams, there are 99 complete works." Life is as calm as a dream! There must be a poem without a title, so I entrust it to my dream. "This commentary believes that Lu You's poems and dreams are not all portrait dreams, and some belong to dreams and dreams. This is quite insightful In fact, Lu You's poems record dreams, some are portrait dreams, and more are dreams and nostalgia. Of course, it does not rule out both. This song 1 1 The Wind and Rain on the 4th of April seems to be a work that depicts dreams as well as dreams.
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I lay quietly in the lonely and desolate countryside, not feeling sad, but still thinking about defending the country.
Late at night, I was lying in bed and heard the sound of wind and rain. I dreamt in a daze that I rode an armored horse across the frozen river and went to the northern battlefield.
Guo Yang's Writing Background
1278 In May, Song Duanzong, who was only 10 years old, lived in Zhao Min. He was spoiled from childhood, weak and drowned. Lu Xiufu and others took Zhao Min, the 7-year-old brother of Duanzong, to the throne with auspicious titles. The court moved to Jianshan and sealed Lord Wen Tianxiang's letter. In winter, Wen Tianxiang led the troops to Chaoyang County, Chaozhou, hoping to recruit soldiers and find new opportunities by relying on the risks of mountains and seas. However, the Yuan army made a fierce advance on land and water and launched a fierce attack.
At the end of the year, Wen Tianxiang was suddenly attacked by the Yuan Army in Wupoling, Haifeng North. He was defeated and captured, and immediately committed suicide with borneol, but failed. Zhang Hongfan, who surrendered to Yuan, was rebuffed.
/kloc-in the first month of 0/279, the Yuan Army went out of the Pearl River Estuary to attack the last stronghold of the Southern Song Dynasty (in Nanhai, Xinhui, Guangdong), and Wen Tianxiang went out with him. The boat crossed the Zero Ding Ocean, which is located in the Pearl River Estuary in the south of Zhongshan, Guangdong Province, and there is a Zero Ding Mountain in the nearby waters. The sea at the foot of the mountain is called dingyang. Marshal Zhang Hongfan of the Yuan Army forced Wen Tianxiang to hand over Zhang Shijie, the commander-in-chief who stood on the mountain. Wen Tianxiang wrote this poem to express his will to die, and solemnly refused. Wen Tianxiang's Notes on the Cloud from the Songs of Chu;
"On the third day, Marshal Zhang ordered Li Duzhou, so please make a book for Zhang Shaobao to worship. So he said to him,' I can't save my parents, but how about teaching people to carry their parents?' This poem was left behind. Li Can can't be forced to take a poem to get the point, but it can't be forced to call it a' good man and good poem'. "
Twenty days after writing this poem, the Battle of Yashan ended in a fiasco in the Song Dynasty, and Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with Zhao Min on his back and died. The last emperor of the Song Dynasty died, and the Song Dynasty perished.
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Translation 1:
With my own efforts, I mastered all kinds of classics, finally made a name for myself and started a turbulent and difficult political career;
He has led Song Jun against Yuan Bing for four years.
The great rivers and mountains of the motherland are fragmented under the enemy's aggression, just like catkins blown away by wind and rain;
My life experience is also ups and downs, just like duckweed under heavy rain.
It is still frightening to think of the past defeat in Jiangxi and the evacuation from the beach of fear, the sinister torrent and the grim situation;
Thinking that Wuling slope was completely annihilated last year and was trapped in the enemy, now I can only lament my loneliness in the vast ocean.
People have been alive since ancient times. Who hasn't died? Give your life for your country and die a fair death, leaving this sincere heart shining in history!
Translation 2:
Looking back on my early experience of being an official through the imperial examination,
The calligraphy "Crossing the Zero Ocean" has been preserved for four weeks.
This country is in danger,
How can a person take a bath be described as duckweed?
Fear of the fiasco at the beach still scares me.
Lingdingyang was trapped in Yuan Lu, and I was lonely and miserable.
Who can live forever since ancient times?
Leave this burning heart in history forever!
Translation 3:
I suffered because I was proficient in Confucian classics and got an official position.
I spent four spring and autumn years on the desolate battlefield.
The mountains and rivers are broken like wind and scattered catkins.
Life is like duckweed beaten by rain.
Tell fear on the beach of fear,
Lament the lonely and bitter bits and pieces on the ocean.
Who can not die since ancient times,
After my death, I will also leave this red heart dedicated to serving my country and let it go down in history forever.
Translation 4
Study hard for classics, achieve fame and fortune, and then encounter ups and downs.
It took four years in the war-torn and desolate battle.
The rivers and mountains of the motherland are fragmented, like catkins scattered by strong winds.
Life is turbulent, such as the stormy duckweed.
At Fear Beach, I once said that I was afraid of national affairs.
I lament my loneliness in the ocean.
Since ancient times, who can live without death?
Only a sincere heart for the motherland will shine in history.