Regular script is also called official script and real script because it is called a model of Chinese character writing. It is a combination of practicality and artistry, and it is the basis for learning all kinds of books well. Zhang Jingyan said, "Beginners, learn real books first. If you don't learn the true scriptures first, you will learn the vertical body as the patriarch, and then you will learn the correct body, which is difficult to achieve. " Huang Xisheng said: "When studying, be upright and stop, because it will damage your health." Su Dongpo has a more vivid metaphor: "If you really want to act, the grass will go." It means learning calligraphy is like learning to walk, regular script is like standing, running script is like walking, cursive script is like running. The same is true of learning pen calligraphy. Only by starting with regular script and laying a good foundation can we create and develop the art of pen calligraphy step by step.
Section 1 Writing Methods of Basic Stroke
To learn pen regular script, we must first master the basic strokes of pen regular script. The basic strokes of Chinese characters are composed of eight strokes: point, horizontal, vertical, left, press, hook, fold and pick (or lift). Because these eight basic strokes have different positions in specific characters, they have different forms. The position of these basic strokes in calligraphy is just like bricks and beams in high buildings. Only when the size, thickness, thickness and length are appropriate, the built house will be strong and beautiful. Therefore, only by working hard on the basic strokes can we write beautiful glyphs with myriad manners.
First of all, point out
Point, like human eyes in Chinese characters, is the embodiment of spirit and has a certain decorative effect. Points can be distributed in all parts of a word, which can be said to be one of the most varied strokes in Chinese characters. No matter what kind of point, we should pay attention to thick and powerful, calm and vigorous, small strokes, and a little faster. In short, dots are generally separated from other parts. The spelling of various points is the same, but the size and direction are different.
There are many kinds of integrals. Here, we divide the points of pen regular script into right points, left points and long points, and other forms of points can also be inferred from this.
1. Right point (also called side point)
(1) Writing points: write lightly, then gradually increase, stroke down to the right, and finally close the pen down to the left.
(2) Ill pen: No matter whether the pen is heavy or light, the pen is hooked at the lower left or at the bamboo joint.
2. Left point (also called vertical point)
(1) Writing points: Write lightly, gradually press the pen to the lower left from light to heavy, and finally pick up the pen for collection.
(2) Ill pen: no matter the weight, improper posture, short vertical or horizontal hook.
3. Long point (close to anti-si)
(1) Writing points: The writing method of starting a pen is the same as that of the right point, except that the middle part of the pen is forced to press the pen to the lower right side, which makes the strokes gradually thicker and the overall trend slightly curved.
(2) Ill pen: the pen is closed to the left, and the overall trend is too large.
Second, horizontally.
There are two main types of horizontal painting of pen regular script, namely long horizontal and short horizontal. There is no absolute standard for the division of long horizontal and short horizontal, and the length of horizontal painting is mainly determined according to the needs and changes of the overall structure of words.
1. Heng Chang
(1) Writing points: 45 to the right. Put down the pen gently at the corner, then lift it gently and drive at a constant speed. When the pen is close to the right end, gradually press the pen when writing, close to the terminal, and slightly back to the right. Long horizontal strokes should be slightly heavier and slower at both ends, slightly lighter and faster in the middle, slightly thicker at both ends and slightly arched upward in the middle.
(2) Sick pen: No matter how heavy it is, it has a wooden stick shape; When writing and collecting pens, only pay attention to the pen, and the middle pen is frivolous, which seems to be loaded with firewood; The arch potential is too large to appear convex.
2. Short horizontal line
(1) Writing points: Short horizontal lines are generally written as left-pointed horizontal lines with a left tip and a light left and a heavy right, and some of them are inclined to the upper right, such as "Yao". The writing method is that the pen is slightly lighter, then write to the upper right, and then gradually press the pen hard to make the strokes even and bold until the terminal gently stops collecting the pen.
(2) Ill pen: the right pen tip is horizontal when writing; Write and receive the same weight, with a knot; Too straight and too dull.
Third, vertical.
There are three kinds of vertical painting with pen characters: hanging needle, hanging dew and short vertical painting. Those who draw vertically on the left use "hanging the dew vertically" and never use "hanging the needle vertically"; The place where the last stroke of a word is drawn vertically can be written as "vertical needle" according to the needs of the word, such as "A"; Where the vertical line in the middle of the lower cross brace or the vertical line at both ends of the lower side with a "U" is used, the shape is generally short and thick, and the short vertical line with a cross brace used in the middle of the word should be slightly arched to the right. Short vertical generally not vertical, hanging needle vertical and vertical must be vertical, to be tall and straight. Short vertical characters are distributed in different positions in Chinese character structure, so their forms are different. Therefore, when writing, we must pay attention to the situation because of the characters, and avoid a thousand words.
1. Vertical needle
(1) writing points: start with the pen on the right, then lift the pen slightly and go down with the trend, and gain momentum in the middle, and then come out quickly in a hanging needle shape. The whole stroke should be complete and rich, and the exposed front should not be too long or too thin.
(2) Sick pen: When writing, you don't stop writing, but you use force in the middle, with a fast front and a thick belly and a pointed shape; After finishing the pen, the pen is written too fast, and the exposed front end is too long, forming a rat tail; Even force, regardless of the pen and pen, a wooden stick appears.
Step 2: hang vertically
(1) writing points: starting a pen is the same as hanging a needle and vertical pen. The middle stroke is slightly lighter, making the middle part slightly thinner. After rowing to the lower end, it is a little difficult to row back to the front. Remember to write vertically and forcefully.
(2) Ill pen: the pen weight can't be started, forming a needle; After the front direction to the upper left, there is a hook, losing the meaning of hanging.
3. Short and vertical
There are many short vertical shapes, which can be summarized into three types: the sharp vertical dew is mostly used on the left side of the word, and its shape is that the lower part is inclined to the center of the word, such as the first stroke of the word "Li"; Short and vertical, mostly used in the middle of words, such as "ambition"; Short and vertical, its form is that the lower part is slightly inclined to the left, which is mostly used on the right side of the word, such as "mountain".
(1) Writing points: Use a pen to lightly stroke from the tip of the pen, with the pen slightly tilted to the right, with the strokes from fine to thick, and close the pen at the end. The short, middle and vertical pen is the same as the vertical pen, but the pen does not return to the front, requiring a short and strong shape, or a slightly right bow. The short hanging pen is the same as the hanging pen, but the lower part is slightly left and strong.
(2) Sick pen: The pen is too powerful and is shaped like a crutch; Or tend to be straight and appear stiff.
Fourth, skim
There are two kinds of skimming: straight skimming and circular skimming. Because of the different inclination, length and radian of skimming, there are various methods and forms of skimming, and the name depends on the shape. To sum up, there are four main types, namely short skimming, flat skimming, oblique skimming and vertical skimming. When writing and sketching, it is required to be accurate, bright, soft, firm and clean.
1. Short skimming (also called short straight skimming)
(1) Writing points: Use a slightly heavier pen, from top right to bottom left, and then quickly to bottom left. Ming Rui, the pen-writer, is quick and restrained, just like a bird pecking, winning by illness.
(2) poor writing: writing that is not finished after writing; After the pen pauses, drag the pen to form a diagonal stick.
smooth
(1) Writing points: Put the pen down slightly, and then scan it to the left. The stroke is slower than the short stroke, and the end of the painting is like a sword.
(2) Ill pen: improper posture, frivolous pen, nail head; Or write quickly without a knot.
3. Oblique skimming (also known as long skimming)
(1) Writing points: Start with a light pen or a short pause, then slowly move to the lower left to gain power, and finally start with a pen quickly, with the middle part of the whole stroke slightly bent to the right. Ask for the pen tip, and understate it to win.
(2) Sick pen: the pen is too strong and there are stiff strokes; The front end is weak and can't reach the pen tip.
Step 4: skim vertically
(1) Writing points: The vertical strokes are straight and slightly inclined, and slowly move down to gain power, then the circle turns left and passes quickly. The whole stroke is vertical arc, and the tail should be full and chic.
(2) Ill pen: the left corner is too stiff, with obvious turning point, or too light or weak.
Five, right?
There are three kinds of pressure: oblique pressure, flat pressure and counter pressure, and the need of oblique pressure can be divided into long pressure and short pressure. Pressure painting is mainly the shape of holding a pen and taking waves. Pay attention to the combination of lifting and pressing when writing, and the posture is changeable.
1. Oblique pen (1) Writing points: First, gently pick up the pen and slide it up slightly, then press the pen to the lower right while writing, so that the strokes will be even and thick from fine to thick, then stop at the foot, then turn right and gradually lift the pen forward. The whole oblique stroke twists and turns, and the oblique stroke generally echoes the oblique stroke, and its inclination is mostly 45 degrees.
(2) Sick pen: I didn't master the twists and turns, and began to write straight to the right, which seemed straight and stiff; Or bend too much, and a bent stick appears.
flat
The writing methods of flat pressure and oblique pressure are basically the same, but the difference is that the oblique pressure is larger, while the oblique pressure is smaller, almost close to the flat pressure, generally at 15. Left and right, mostly used next to "walk"
(1) Writing points: Start the pen slightly lighter (or slightly heavier), raise the pen slightly to the right, then turn the pen down to the right, gradually increase the intensity to make the strokes gradually thicker until the feet are pressed down, pause for a while, pick up the pen to the right and pull it out, and the tail is rich and long. Generally speaking, there should be waves of ups and downs.
(2) Ill pen: the posture is too flat or the upward curvature is too large; Or slam your right foot like a sickle.
fight back
The writing of anti-si is changed from a long point. Anti-si is sometimes written as a long point; Sometimes, on the basis of a long point, the tail moves slightly to the left and down. Every word has two strokes on the author, and generally one stroke is the other way around. It depends on the specifics. For example, the second stroke of the word "yes" should be written as an oblique stroke, and the last stroke should be written as an inverted stroke, which cannot be reversed, because the words beginning with "ren" are all cover words, and if the two strokes are reversed, it will not conform to the principle of cover words; Sometimes, in order to take a gesture, the single word is also written as anti-si, such as "Xiang" and "Song".
Six, hook
Pen hook painting, because of its different position in the structure of words, forms hooks in different directions. Generally, it can be divided into horizontal hook, vertical hook, oblique hook, arc hook, horizontal hook, vertical curved hook, vertical right hook and short folded hook. When writing, it is required to be sharp, clean and shaped like an eagle's mouth.
1. Cross hook
(1) writing points: the strokes are the same length and horizontal. When you put the stroke on the hook, first lift the pen slightly to the right, then pause the pen to gain power, and then gently lift the pen to the left to hook it out quickly. The hook should not be too long.
(2) Ill pen: the hook is too strong or there is no hook action, and the force before the hook is not paid attention to.
2. Vertical hook
(1) Writing points: The writing method is the same as the hanging method. Tilt the pen to the right, then gradually lift the pen downward to make the strokes from coarse to fine, and then thicken at the hook. Arch slightly to the left in the middle, so that the vertical painting looks tall and powerful. Be prepared before the hook, lift the pen, turn the nib to the left and hook it out quickly. The hook should not be too long.
(2) Sick pen: The pen is straight and too straight.
3. Oblique hook (also known as hook hook)
The key of oblique hook lies in the radian of hook. If you bend too much, you will look weak. If the curvature is too small, it will look quite hard and weak. Therefore, when writing, pay attention to roundness and strength, and the inclination depends on the font. The overall shape of the oblique hook is generally written in a long way.
(1) Writing points: Start with a slightly heavier pen, then gradually lift the pen to make the surface of the pen gradually thinner, and bend it slightly to the right until the hook stops for a while. The hook should be small but not big.
(2) Ill pen: The overall shape of the oblique hook is short and the hook direction is improper.
4. Arc hook
In fact, the arc hook is a vertical hook, and the pen is slightly extended to the left to make an arc-shaped long neck, which looks like a hunchback as a whole. It is often used to write the words "tapir", "elephant", "home" and dog prevention.
(1) Writing points: Start with a light pen, then slowly draw an arc to the right and down, with a straight curve, until it is hooked, and quickly raise the pen to the left to make the hook short and healthy.
(2) Sick pen: The hunchback is not smooth or bent too much, which makes it look weak.
5. Horizontal hook (also called heart hook)
(1) Writing points: Pick up the pen gently, and then press the pen while walking, so that the strokes become thick and arc downward. After making a short stroke on the hook, turn the pen to the left and come out quickly. Don't make the hook too big.
(2) Ill pen: The downward bending arc is large, or there is no arc when dragging horizontally, or it is written as a vertical hook or an improper hook orientation.
6. Vertical hook
(1) writing points: starting with a pen is the same as drawing vertically. Turn to the pen collection place, wriggle the pen ring to the right, and gradually exert a little force until the hook stands slightly and picks it out vertically and briskly. The hook should be small and full. The bottom circle needs leveling.
(2) Ill pen: it is flat and tasteless when bent vertically at right angles or with the bottom horizontal or the hook pointing to the left.
7. Vertical right hook (also called right hook)
(1) Writing points: Start with a slightly heavier or lighter pen, and then write down evenly, so that the whole stroke is slightly arched to the right until the hook is slightly lower to the left, and then pick it out in the upper right direction after a pause. The hook should be big, not small.
(2) Sick pen: The vertical writing is too straight, the hook is small, and it looks dull.
8. Low folding hook
(1) Writing points: Draw a little arch horizontally, draw a little at the fold, then draw a little to the left, and draw a little arch to the right obliquely, with a small hook.
(2) Ill pen: horizontal and vertical, and the fold is at right angles.
Seven, folding
There are four kinds of pen folding paintings: horizontal folding, vertical folding, oblique folding and left folding.
1. Horizontal folding
Writing points: Start the pen lightly, stop at the crease, then lift it slightly to the right, and then turn the pen down or left.
Vertical folding
Writing points: Use the pen lightly, and the downward pen gradually leans to the left. After a pause at the folding point, the pen is folded to the right, with an angle of 85 degrees, and the folded part is slightly arched.
Step 3 tilt and fold
Key points of writing: When starting a pen, turn the pen to the left, fold the pen tip down to the right, press the pen while writing, make the stroke thicker, arch slightly to the right, and finally close the pen at the upper left.
fold
Writing points: raising a pen is the same as skimming. After a short stroke at the skimming end, turn the pen to the right and pick it out (or cross it back to the right).
Eight, choose
Picking the picture is actually the reverse writing of short strokes. Because there are various tendencies in the structure of Chinese characters, there are several gestures such as long pick, short pick and flat pick, but the writing is the same. Let's talk about the similarities and differences of painting.
Key points of writing: start writing with a little force to the right, and then raise the pen to the right, which should be mild and appropriate. Sufficient requirements, no frivolity.