Huiji Mountain is quiet with beautiful scenery. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, many celebrities lived here, talking about metaphysics and Taoism. On the third day of the third lunar month in the ninth year of Emperor Yonghe of Jin Dynasty (353), Wang Xizhi, who was "the first to cross Zhejiang, had an ambitious goal", once held an elegant gathering in Lanting, which is located in the shadow of Huiji Mountain (now under the Lanzhu Mountain outside Shaoxing City). These celebrities included Situ Xie 'an, Ci Fu home Sun Chuo, Xie Wan, the son and nephew of the eminent monk Zhi Daolin and Wang Xizhi.
March in the south of the Yangtze River is usually a rainy season with drizzle, but this day is particularly sunny, with mountains and mountains, lush forests and bamboo trees, pleasant winds, turbulent streams and quiet and pleasant scenery. The main content of Lanting Ya Ji is "Xiu", which is an ancient custom spread among the people in China. On the fourth day (last fourth day) of the first three months of the lunar calendar, people hold a ritual ceremony at the water's edge, dip fragrant grass in water, or bathe to wash dirt, feel the spring, and pray for the elimination of illness and ominous.
Another project of Lanting Elegant Collection is to stream water. Forty-two celebrities sit on both sides of the winding stream, and then Nunnery puts the wine-pouring feather into the stream and lets it flow down the stream. If the wine-pouring feather stagnates in front of anyone, he will be given a poem. If he can't sing a poem, he will be fined three cups of wine. In the Lanting Elegant Collection, eleven people each wrote two poems, fifteen people each wrote one poem, sixteen people failed to write a poem, and three cups were fined, and Wang Xianzhi, Wang Xizhi's youngest son, was also fined. Poets in Qing Dynasty used to make fun of Wang Xianzhi with doggerels. "But I laughed at King Wu Yi, and there was no poem at the Lanting meeting."
Everyone collected the poems and recommended that Wang Xizhi, the venerable convener of this gathering, write a preface to record this elegant collection. So Wang Xizhi wrote 28 lines and 324 words of "Preface to Lanting Collection" on silkworm paper with a moustache pen, which was praised as "the first running book in the world" by later generations.
The Preface to the Orchid Pavilion is a well-known and beautiful essay with brilliant words and exquisite words. It breaks the rules, develops its own way, does not stick to the old pattern, is wonderful and elegant, and is refreshing no matter whether it is lyrical or commenting on historical records. Although the mentality is contradictory before and after, on the whole, it is still positive, especially in the atmosphere of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, when it was talked about metaphysics, it was particularly valuable to put forward that "one death is a false birth, and Qi Peng's ruin is a mistake". The greater achievement of Preface to Lanting Collection lies in its calligraphy art. The whole article is light and ethereal, natural and chic; Charming and elegant with a pen; The technique is both peaceful and strange, and the size is uneven. It has both elaborate artistic ingenuity and no traces of artificial carving, which is natural and natural. Among them, all the same words are written in different ways, such as "Zhi", "Yi" and "Wei", and each has its own changes, especially the word "Zhi", which has achieved the effect of artistic diversity and unity. Preface to Lanting Collection is the masterpiece of Wang Xizhi's calligraphy art and a peak in the history of Chinese calligraphy art, which nourishes generations of calligraphers.
In terms of structure and composition, emotion is the clue, emotion is expressed in narration, and reason is based on emotion. In the first paragraph, in the beautiful realm, the word "music" was written emphatically, and the word "pain" in the second paragraph was drawn from the joy. After some painful thinking, I felt infinite sorrow, and finally ended with the word "sadness". The emotional color is completely different, but the transition before and after is appropriate and natural. ?
The author wrote this article with his exquisite calligraphy. It is said that the original work was placed in his tomb by Li Shimin, but from the copy of the Tang Dynasty, it can still be seen that he is "dragon leaping and tiger lying". "Mao Tie" is called "the best running script in the world", and Dong Qichang's "Essays on Painting Zen Rooms" says: "The composition is the first in ancient and modern times, and its words are born with a reflection, big or small, whatever you like, all enter the law."
The copy (replica) of Feng Chengsu, which is now displayed in the Wang Youjun Temple in Lanting, is in the Palace Museum in Beijing, with the small seal of "Shenlong" (the year number of Tang Zhongzong) on it, which is an ironclad proof that it is a copy of Tang Dynasty. "Dragon Book" is the closest existing copy of Wang Xizhi's original work. Because of its careful hook, the lines are vivid, not only the ink color is dry and moist, but also the sharpness of writing, the bifurcation of broken pen and the hairspring between turns are very realistic, from which we can get a glimpse of Wang Xizhi's wonderful brushstroke, frustration and twists and turns when writing.
The Preface to the Orchid Pavilion is a treasure recognized by the world. It has always been treasured in the Wang family, and it has been passed down to his seventh Sun Zhiyuan. Zhiyong became a monk in Yongxin Temple in Shaoxing when he was a teenager, and has been studying Wang Xizhi's original works for more than 3 years. Before Zhiyong died, he passed the Preface to Lanting Collection on to his disciples. Debate is good at calligraphy and painting, and he cherishes the Preface to Lanting Collection, hiding it in the pavilion beams and never showing it to others. Later, he was deceived by Shi Xiaoyi, the supervisor sent by Emperor Taizong. After Emperor Taizong got the Preface to Lanting Collection, he was a treasure. And ordered Ou Yangxun, Yu Shinan, Chu Suiliang and other calligraphers to write. The calligraphers of Hong Wen Pavilion, headed by Feng Chengsu, were also ordered to copy the original works into several copies and give them to the princes. After the death of Emperor Taizong, the courtiers buried the original preface to Lanting Collection in Zhaoling as a sacrificial object in accordance with his testamentary edict.
On the third day of March in the 9th year of Yonghe (Sima Dan) in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (AD 353), Wang Xizhi and 41 celebrities at that time, including Sun Chuo, Xie An and Shi Zhi Dun, had a banquet in Lanting. Everyone at the meeting had poems, which were compiled into collections afterwards. Preface to Lanting Collection is the preface written by Wang Xizhi for this collection of poems. Preface, the style name, is a kind of text that gives an outline and discusses the main idea of books and articles, which is equivalent to introduction.