In the south corner of the lotus pond in Qinghui Garden is the main entrance of Qinghui Garden. Hanging in the foyer is a plaque of "Qinghui Garden" inscribed by He Shaoji, a master of calligraphy in the Qing Dynasty. The plaque is simple and reads "Qinghui Garden" 3 The penmanship is strong and powerful, which is really the style of everyone, and I can't help but feel admiration.
In Qinghui Garden, lush ancient and famous trees are scattered all over the garden. Among them, a tall old ginkgo tree located at the gate is more than 160 years old.
It is known as a "living fossil". Generally, it requires a large area of ??male and female planting to bear fruit, but this old tree, But it can continue to bear fruit on a single tree for many years. It is a "bisexual tree", which can be described as strange.
In Qinghui Garden, there is a rectangular lotus pond. Most of the buildings in the whole garden are centered on the lotus pond, and are built around the lotus pond and along the bank. Not far from the foyer, there is a "Chengyi Pavilion" protruding from the pool. A couplet is engraved on the side facing the water:
The beauty of heaven and earth along the edge of the river, the mountain and the pool;
Lan Ying received the Xiuyuan order and had the talents of a public official.
This couplet was originally written by Long Zhuhui's father-in-law, Shunde Xianfeng Tanhua, the right minister of the Ministry of Rites and Works, and the great calligrapher Li Wentian. It was damaged over time and was later rewritten.
Chengyi Pavilion is called a pavilion, but it actually adopts a typical waterside pavilion approach: a platform is set up near the water, part of the platform is set on the shore, part of it extends into the water, and a rectangular monomer is built on the platform. On the water side of the building, there are commonly used floor-to-ceiling doors and windows, which are open and transparent. Viewers can enjoy the scenery indoors or on the platform.
Bixi Thatched Cottage was the main living room of the owner of the garden at that time. Its main entrance is a hollow sparse bamboo wood carving "round light cover". The door frame is carved into the shape of two overlapping green bamboo bundles. It is exquisite in craftsmanship and has an antique fragrance; two doors On the skirt panel of the glass screen door, there are 48 characters for "longevity" in different shapes engraved in official script, seal script and bird and insect script, which are called "hundred life pictures".
Below the sill window of Bixi Thatched Cottage, there is a century-old shadow-pattern brick carving titled "Light Smoke and Dew", which is carved with bamboos and bamboos and is skillfully executed. The inscriptions and postscripts on the brick carvings express the aspirations and thoughts of those who built the garden:
Introduce the inscription before it is unearthed;
Ling Yun has no intention everywhere.
The Hexagonal Pavilion and Bixi Thatched Cottage are connected by a pond corridor. This pavilion was probably the place where Long’s mother, young lady and female family members used to live. There is a "Beauty Lean" beside the pavilion, where you can "rely on the winding railing and look at the water", or you can stand on the railing to appreciate the feeling of listening to the rain in the lotus pond and letting the east wind blow.
Each beam on the pool corridor is carved with exquisite pineapples, star fruits, bananas and other Lingnan fruits, exuding a strong flavor of southern Guangdong. The couplets on the pavilion and pillars are:
Yellow fence with couplets across the water in the courtyard;
Pick up the incense and open the mirror to the swallow pond.
Go straight out along the pond corridor and you will arrive at the boat hall, which is the essence of the ancient buildings in Qinghui Garden. The boat hall is also called a land boat, a dry boat, or an untied boat. It is a unique building that imitates a painted boat in Chinese gardens. Most of the front half of the boat hall faces the water on three sides. The bow of the boat is often connected to the shore by a flat bridge, which is similar to a springboard, making people feel like they are in the boat hall. The effect of Zhouji.
The boat hall in Qinghui Garden is purely a land boat. According to legend, it is a two-story boat built imitating the purple hole boat, a painted boat on the Pearl River in the Qing Dynasty. It became the "ship hall" and was divided into a bow, a cabin and a stern. This is the only example in architectural design in my country.
It is connected with the Xiyin Bookstore and the South Building of Zhenyanzhai by a covered dry bridge, connected by century-old wisteria. Both sides of the winding passage are decorated with water ripples, and the boat has a unique shape. complete.
The boat hall was originally a lady's embroidery pavilion. Legend has it that the owner of the garden had a rich lady, who was as beautiful as a flower, behaved virtuously, was proficient in poetry and calligraphy, and was good at playing piano and painting. Her parents regarded her as the apple of their eyes, so they built this building as a special place. The lady's boudoir is also known as the "young lady's building".
The Miss Xiu Pavilion and the south tower form the front and back cabins of the ship. On the front of the boat hall door, there are several green bamboo poles carved, and the flower cover in the hall is hollowed out into two rows of banana patterns. There are snails carved on the stone under the banana.
In front of the boat hall, there are two ponds, which look like floating buildings in the water. There is a maid building at the stern. There is a sand willow planted on the bow and a wisteria on the edge of the willow, like a cable. Behind the boat hall, there is also a white kapok tree, which is amazing for its pale yellow and almost white flowers, because kapok trees usually have red flowers.
In addition, Prince Cheng Aisin Gioro Yongxuan, the son of Emperor Qianlong, a famous calligrapher of the Qing Dynasty, personally wrote the plaque "Deep in the Green Clouds" under the ship hall, which vividly depicts the surrounding green trees. The quiet scenery is hidden.
Built adjacent to the Boat Hall is a group of small garden buildings connected to Xiyin Study House and Zhenyan Studio. This group of courtyard-style study rooms were used by the former owner to provide reading space for the children of the family and to receive visiting literati. The place of poets. There have been many academically successful people in the family of the owner of the garden. The "Xiyin Bookstore" means to encourage Xu Yin's children to cherish their time and study hard.
Among them, the plaque of "Zhen Inkstone Studio" was originally inscribed by He Shaoji, a calligrapher from Hunan in the Qing Dynasty. It was damaged over time and was later rewritten.
To the east of the lotus pond, the winding path winds from left to right, and the stone leads to the rainbow before going up and down; each pavilion in the garden is paired with other scenic spots. Among them, there is a flower pavilion with an extraordinary scene. Nearby, moss invades the stone bank, green water is rippled with red flowers, and in the distance, winding corridors and pavilions are built with walls lined with weeping willows.
The structure of the flower pavilion is quite unique. In order to make the interior plane of the pavilion look up and have the same style as the gray plastic tile roof with four corners, so as to achieve the artistic conception of seclusion and refinement, and to avoid the common painted ceiling caisson, the " If the bricks and wooden rafters are not exposed, they should be covered with cardboard, which is called "raising dust" and "top grid".
You can enter the "Duyun Pavilion" of Qinghui Garden through the oldest small door next to the lotus pond. The three characters "Qinghui Garden" on the forehead of the door are based on Li Zhaoluo's original engraving. The main building of Duyunxuan is the living room of the Lingnan mansion in the Qing Dynasty, which reflects the style of the Long family mansion at that time. The tile surface structure is layered on top of each other, integrating the characteristics of Chinese pavilions and pavilions with "clear markings and hidden arches".
Outside the Duyunxuan living room, through the corridor on the left, you can appreciate the stone charm of Duyunxuan. As the saying goes, "the stone is the root of the clouds when readers taste it." Reading Yunxuan is full of stones of different shapes, some protruding at the foot of the windows and holes in the flower wall across the pond, or embedded in the middle of the brick base of the pond, or emerging on the brick flower bed. There are stones everywhere, in various shapes. Its fun. Among them is the "Lingbi Stone" produced in Lingbi City, Anhui Province. This stone is as hard as steel, rich in color and strange in shape;
In addition, there is also the "tortoise stone" produced in Yimeng, Shandong Province. The Yingde stones from Guangdong and the stalactites from Guangxi each have considerable appreciation value. There is an old saying that stones are the roots of clouds, which means that the clouds in the mountains curl up from the rocks. This is probably the origin of the name Yunxuan.
Not far from Duyunxuan, there is a towering stone mountain called "Fenglai Peak". It is based on the ancient classic "Wind and Cloud Gathering" stone mountain composition, and is built with Shandong granite that was listed as a tribute in the Song Dynasty. Nearly 3,000 tons of stone were used. The total height is 12.8 meters. It is the largest and highest granite in Guangdong. Stone Mountain.
On Fenglaifeng Stone Mountain, there is a trail. An ancient banyan tree grows through the rocks of the mountain. There are also waterfalls flying down in the sky. The panoramic view reaches a state of stillness with movement and movement with stillness. , the momentum is extraordinary, although it is man-made, it is like the realm of heaven.
There are several "Tingbu" stepping stones at the pool under Fenglai Peak, from which you can enter the cave and explore the ancient well with long flowing water. The long lake under the waterfall is separated by stone bridges and wavy flower walls.
One side of Duyunxuan is as level as a mirror, and the other side of Fenglai Peak is splashing with water, and the waves are flowing endlessly. There are two kinds of landscapes on the lake: dynamic and still. Here, you can climb Fenglai Peak and overlook the panoramic view of Qinghui Garden; you can also rest on the corridor by the water and appreciate the surrounding gray sculptures.
From the foot of Fenglai Peak, you can reach Muyingjian via a winding and quiet path. Muyingjian is mainly composed of verandas, small bridges, flower paths, rockeries, lotus ponds and waterside pavilions. From the small gate of Muyingjian, there is a fan-shaped flower wall verandah, which leads to the stone arch bridge. There are several large windows on the flower wall, each of which is cleverly decorated with iron flowers, gold foil, and ceramics. Each window offers a view from different directions, just like a series of fan paintings, achieving a design of changing scenery with each step. Effect. There is a half-moon pavilion on its left hand side.
The exquisite pavilion in the center is one of the most distinctive buildings in the entire garden. It is placed in the center of an octagonal pool with a variety of famous flowers and trees planted outdoors. If you stand in the exquisite pavilion and enjoy the surrounding scenery, you can smell the fragrance of flowers blowing from all directions no matter what time of year it is, so there is a plaque inscribed with "Fragrance from Eight Tables".
The interior of Linglong Pavilion is entirely covered with wooden-decorated glass panes on all eight sides. There are 8 pieces of red glass on the windows and doors, which are glass products from the Qing Dynasty left over from Qinghui Garden. Linglong Pavilion is surrounded by four stone mountains named "Spring, Summer, Autumn and Winter" according to their location.
Located in the west is the "Autumn Stone", which is made of yellow stone. There are maples, black cypresses, sweet-scented osmanthus, wisteria and other plants beside it, adding to the atmosphere of autumn; It is the "Winter Stone". The stone is taken from the Taihu Stone in Jiangsu. The stone surface is white and has the meaning of a snow scene. The composition uses the "Rich and Exquisite Stone" from Yuan Jiang in the Yuan Dynasty to make a screen shape;
Southeast Facing the place where the morning light can shine is the "Spring Stone" made of Yingde stone, with stalagmites made of pine bark stone, and planted with bamboo trees and shrubs around it, highlighting the delicate and delicate feeling; "Spring Stone" Behind is "Xia Shi", which is also the main peak of the park, Fenglai Peak.
There are many images of one of the "Three Friends of Suihan" in many places in Qinghui Garden, which shows that the owner of the garden has a unique respect for the high-minded and humble bamboo, or borrows objects to express his ambitions, and the owner also It was not enough, so another courtyard was built behind the south tower deep in the garden, named "Bamboo Garden".
The Bamboo Garden is close to Muying Stream and is another garden within a garden in Qinghui Garden. The Bamboo Garden is long and narrow, but it is widely planted with bamboos. The bamboo shadows dance in the wind, and the cicadas chirp and the scenery becomes more serene; at the end of the alley, there are exquisite mountain peaks with curling clouds, and the pocket eye springs are sweet and sweet; the buildings in the Bamboo Garden are small and exquisite, and there are many art works of the Qing Dynasty. Products and inscriptions. There is a small door on the Bamboo Garden path with the word "Ziyuan" carved on the top of the door, and a pair of couplets carved on both sides of the small door:
The sound of the wind passing by has the charm of bamboo;
The moonlight is full of flowers everywhere.
On the back of the small cave door, gray plastic green banana leaves are decorated on both sides, with a couplet engraved on the leaves:
When the time comes, the fragrance of flowers overflows;
Rigao Ye Yingzhong.
The Bamboo Garden is filled with flowers and bamboos, which is quiet and elegant. At the end of the Bamboo Garden passage is the "Bi Shenghua Pavilion" on the left. The name of the pavilion comes from Li Bai's allusion of "Dream of Bi Shenghua", which means "successful in studies and outstanding literary talent".
The Long family attaches great importance to the education of future generations. The children of the Long family have also understood the truth-seeking meaning of "Zhen Yan Zhai" and adhered to the diligent purpose of "Xi Yin Book House", so they have reached the level of "Bi Sheng Hua Guan" with superb talents. territory.
On the right side of the end of the Bamboo Garden passage, there is a large and narrow wall mountain. There is a small hole in the mountain, which can only allow one person to pass through, so it is called "Dou Cave". The ancients also used to say "there is a lion mountain, There is "Dou Dong" to explain the origin of "Dou Dong".
This stone scene is set up very cleverly. It not only separates the space, but also provides shade and light protection. It is really indispensable. The "Gui Xi Ji Lu" next to Doudong was inscribed by Li Wentian, a famous calligrapher of the Lingnan generation in the Qing Dynasty and a Jinshi during the Xianfeng period, when he resigned and returned to his hometown; "And another courtyard composed of "Xiao Pengying" and wooden buildings. On the right side is the "Gui Zhi Lu", where the Long family left their posts to chat and send to Wolong Lu. The plaque "Guiji Lu" was written by Li Wentian, the flower of Xianfeng in Jun'an Shang Village.
"Guiji Lu" and "Xiao Pengying" are connected by a straight corridor. Among the two buildings, "Xiao Pengying" is located on the left. Pengying is the collective name of Penglai and Yingzhou. It is the name of the legendary fairy island on the sea, which embodies the noble and refined thoughts of the owner of the garden.
The "Xiao Pengying" hall is decorated with a large-scale painted wood carving work "Hundred-year-old Peach", on which is carved a fairy peach with luxuriant branches and leaves. The huge "fairy peach" reveals a ripe blush, lining the The whole hall is full of joy. It is an art treasure with strong folk color. Together with "Big Goldfish" and "White Kapok", it was known as the "Three Treasures of Qinghui Garden" at that time.
On this wooden sculpture of "Hundred Life Peach" tree, there are only 99 peaches actually carved. It is said that people pay attention to the fact that "shou" cannot be full, and "hundred" is a full number. As the so-called "life is less than a hundred", full life means the end of life. And because "Tibetan" and "long" are homophonic, peach is a symbol of life. "Zangshou" also implies "longevity", and 99 also fits the meaning of longevity. Therefore, the saying "there are 99 fairy peaches on the peach tree" is extremely popular and has been passed down for a long time.
There is a wooden building next to Xiao Pengying. It is a two-story brick and wood structure building with exquisite and gorgeous decoration, antique style, and windows inlaid with colorful wooden lattice stained glass.
Qinghui Garden, Foshan, Guangdong