Song Bolu (1854- 1932), male, was born in Shanxi Street, Liquan County in his later years. In the 11th year of Guangxu (1885), he was selected as a scholar in the following year. Before the Reform Movement of 1898, he served as editor of Hanlin Academy, examiner of Shuntian township entrance examination, deputy examiner of Shandong township entrance examination, suggestion of Shandong Road, suggestion of Qing government and political minister of Beiyang government.
From 65438 to 0895, when Song Bolu was an official in Beijing, the politics of the Qing government was very corrupt. Surrender and compromise, cede land and pay compensation, and cruelly squeeze the people at home. Song Bolu was saddened by this reality, and repeatedly wrote to the court to clarify the official management and rectify the military equipment. From 65438 to 0897, after the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1897, he witnessed the corruption of the Qing government, the serious national crisis, and the influence of the reform thought represented by Kang Youwei, and felt bitterly that there was no way out for China not to change the old law. He accused those who manage state affairs of "not knowing the past, but not knowing the present". He shouted: "Change or save, change or cut, all changes are to save, and small changes are to cut." In the 21st year of Guangxu (1895), the news of the signing of treaty of shimonoseki reached Beijing, and Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao jointly signed a letter with more than 300 people from various provinces/kloc-0, demanding that Emperor Guangxu refuse to sign the Sino-Japanese Peace Treaty. This move is a famous "bus letter" in history. In the 23rd year of Guangxu (1897), France sent troops to occupy Jiaozhou Bay, followed by Russian imperialism, and the crisis of the Chinese nation became more serious. 1898 65438+ 10 In October, Kang Youwei founded the Guangdong Society in Beijing. In February, Song Bolu contacted others in Beijing and established the "Guan Society". In April, Kang Youwei, Song Bolu and others established a brand-new embryonic form of China's modern bourgeois political party-"Bao Guo Hui". Since then, Song Bolu has worked closely with Kang and Liang, and has frequent contacts.
On the occasion of the "Reform Movement of 1898", Song Bolu devoted himself enthusiastically to this reform, and his activities during this period were mainly manifested in the following aspects:
First, despite the resolute opposition of the die-hards, he boldly proposed to learn from the western political system and reform the feudal regime.
Song Bolu's patriotic thought has a remarkable feature, that is, he believes that to get rid of national suffering and make the country strong, we must learn from the West. He advocated that in China, the feudal monarchy should be changed, a constitutional monarchy should be established, and a parliamentary hall should be set up to imitate the western parliament. At the same time, it also advocates implementing the principle of separation of sovereignty in China and thoroughly reforming local administration. Song Bolu wrote in the article "On the Establishment of the Deliberative Body": "The political system of the country, especially the health of the people, is like the brains of politicians, the hands and feet of administrators, and the eyes and ears of judges. If you keep your official, you will succeed. " Then, he reminded the imperial court: "As long as governments at all levels set up deliberative and judicial bodies, people with lofty ideals at all levels in the country will definitely shake up their shortcomings, abandon their decline, and learn from each other's strengths, which is just around the corner. In this way, conservative people will inevitably turn over a new leaf, be pleasing to the eye, make a new face, listen carefully and announce the New Deal. "
In a word, he expected to change China's political system and social system according to the model of western countries and save the nation from peril. This reformist thought was of progressive significance at that time.
Second, ideologically and culturally, we strongly advocate abandoning stereotyped writing and impeaching powerful people.
As soon as the prologue of "Hundred-day Reform" was opened, Song Bolu was the first to hand over the paper to abolish stereotyped writing, demanding "stopping stereotyped writing like Zhang Yongxing". This proposal was opposed by die-hards such as Xu Yingxun, the minister of the Ministry of Rites.
Song Bolu and Yang Shenxiu jointly wrote a letter to impeach Xu Ying, saying that "it is forbidden to stifle people's atmosphere and suppress talents every day, so that the sacred will can't be declared, and the world is at a loss", asking him to "resign from the Prime Minister's government, except for the post of does, and those who think that they are conservative and wrong will resign." On May 5, the Reform Movement of 1898, Emperor Guangxu wrote a letter to the self-examination, and all subjects of rural areas, public discussion and childbearing were changed to trial. Conservatives "some people are talking in secret", and some even plan to assassinate reformists, but Song Bolu is not afraid of difficulties and dangers. /kloc-in may of 0/2, he handed it in again and said, "stereotyped writing has been practiced for thousands of years, and the old-school people have nothing to learn. Once the reform is carried out, someone will get up and fight for it. " He believes that China has been reforming. Whenever there is a revolution, it will rise up and attack it ",demanding that Emperor Guangxu" persevere, don't be moved by it, and write a letter. If a player asks to reuse stereotyped writing, it is selfish and wrong for the country. If it is serious, it will condemn the revolution and lower the tone, but it will also be sternly announced, so that the old flames will fade and the people will be firm. All these fully reflect Song Bolu's firm stance of striving for greater success.
Third, vigorously advocate the development of the national economy as soon as possible and recover the rights from the imperialist powers.
In the process of "Hundred Days Reform", Song Bolu also demanded that political reform and economic reform be organically combined and carried out together. The reason why he advocated revitalizing the national economy was first to deal with the economic aggression of imperialism. He said in the book "Please Plan the Overall Situation and Fold the Overall Situation" delivered by1February, 898 17, "Since the occupation of Jiaozhou, they have treated me as a vassal, and Shanxi railway and mining industry have been lent to Russia, directly under Shandong, and Shanxi has asked Russia to teach them to train, not for our north; The five mountains of the Yangtze River are separated by Britain, not for my south; It was because of China's backward economy that it was learned that Qiongzhou was the law and Dalian Bay was to be ceded to the Russians. Therefore, he advocated sending personnel to the United States to collect tens of thousands of yuan to develop minerals, build railways, open banks, develop military industry, run gun factories and run naval schools. Only in this way can we "defend our country". "
Song Bolu was a very successful imperial figure in the Reform Movement of 1898. Therefore, the Party abhors the die-hards. 1898 September 2 1 day, on the day of the coup, Cixi "immediately dismissed Song Bolu and never used it" on the charge of "excessively protecting bandits", and issued a wanted order. Song Bolu changed his name and surname after hearing the news and fled to Shanghai, which was once in exile. In the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), Song Bolu returned to Shaanxi. Zengxiang Fan, a warlord of Shaanxi Province, fabricated charges out of jealousy and put Song Bolu in the prison of Huangzipo in the south of the city. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu (1906), Chang Geng, the new "Ili general", passed through Shaanxi, and arrived in Xinjiang around the Song Dynasty, where he stayed for several years. During the Revolution of 1911, at the invitation of Han Hongjun leader Zhang Yunshan, he played a dredging role in the contradiction between Han Hong and Fu Hanjun. 19 14 years, Lu was in charge of Shaanxi, and Song Bolu took refuge in Beijing and made a living by painting and calligraphy. 1922, he returned to Shaanxi again, Shaanxi Local Records Bureau was established, and he was hired as editor-in-chief. Later, he set up the local chronicles museum as the curator, devoted himself to the work of "continuing to write local chronicles of Shaanxi" and died in 9 years. Song Bolu is versatile and good at poetry and painting, and is known as the "three musts" of poetry and painting. He has written more than twenty kinds of poems, such as Poems in Haitang Fairy Hall, Burning Hundred Herbs, Three Loving Records of Knowing the Tang Dynasty, On Painting and Calligraphy in Xin Taipingxuan, Xinjiang Construction Records and Jingyang New Records. In 2 1 (1932) of the Republic of China, Song Bolu died of illness at the lion in Antudian Temple at the age of 79.