In the Sansui Hall at the main entrance of Yuyuan Garden, under the three large plaques of "Urban Forest", "Lingtai Shi Jing" and "Sansui Hall", there is a regular script of "The Story of Yuyuan Garden" by Pan Boying, a modern calligrapher. The author is Pan Yunyun, the original owner of Yuyuan Garden.
Pan Yunduan was a scholar in the forty-first year of Jiajing in Ming Dynasty (1562). He used to be the director of the Ministry of Justice and the right ambassador of Sichuan, which is equivalent to the current director of the Ministry of Justice and the governor of Sichuan. He is better, and his father Paine is better. He is the minister of justice and the official of Zuodu court (equivalent to the minister of justice and the supreme prosecutor of the procuratorate).
Paine was a scholar in the second year of Jiajing (1623), and was also the same year that Yan Song's famous cabinet record Xu Jie was overthrown (Xu Jie Tanhuahe). Jeff is a native of Huating County, Songjiang Prefecture, and Yuyuan District belongs to Shanghai County, Songjiang Prefecture. In addition to the same year, they are still fellow villagers, and their relationship is naturally unusual.
Pan Shi family is a famous family in Shanghai in Ming Dynasty. Paine, Pan Yunzhe, the eldest son, and Pan Yunyun, the second son, are all scholars and are called "three sons in one door".
At that time, the area of Yuyuan Garden reached more than 70 mu. In Yu Yuan Ji, Pan Yunduan recalled the reasons for building the garden and described its characteristics. The lines between the lines are full of respect and filial piety for the elderly, incorporating his lifelong ambitions and hobbies, and directly expressing his feelings. After reading it, he couldn't help feeling deeply.
Before Jiajing (thirty-eight years of Jiajing, 1559), Pan Yunyun failed in the palace entrance examination and returned disappointed. In dozens of acres of fruit and vegetable fields to the west of Shichuntang, he built Yu Garden.
Three years later, Pan Yunyun finally went to the top of the exam and won the Jinshi. Since then, Guanhai has been ups and downs for fifteen years, and there is no time to take care of building a garden. In the third year of Wanli (1577), Pan Yunduan resigned and retired, and began to build gardens wholeheartedly.
At that time, his father Paine had retired and returned to his hometown. This garden was named "Yu Garden", which means "taking pleasure from old relatives".
This garden is not only named Yu Garden, but also the layout of the whole garden is centered on the "Leshou Hall" for entertaining old relatives. The word "happy life" is taken from the Analects of Confucius, which means that those who know are happy and those who are kind live long, that is, they hope their parents will be happy and live long.
Leshou Hall, now Sansui Hall, is described in the records as follows:
However, "Ha ha, the structure of Le Shou Tang was originally designed to entertain old relatives, but there was not enough time. Old relatives didn't see it, and finally they really hated it. "
Paine sailed the crane westward in the 10th year of Wanli (1582), but failed to witness the establishment of Le Shou Tang. And a song "Yuyuan Garden", a song "Telling the time while the old relatives are singing" and a song "I really hate it to the end" are enough to catch a glimpse of Pan Yunyun's heart.
At this time, it has been 23 years since Pan Yunduan began to build the garden, and it has been 5 years since he "returned to Shu Fan and devoted himself to expansion", which shows that the park is large in scale and costly.
At that time, the right room of Le Shoutang was "Wu Kezhai", and Wu Kezhai's name explained the reason why Pan Yunyun resigned and retired. He compared an official to a chicken rib: there are relatives to teach, children to teach, fields to plow, mountains to firewood, and rivers to fish. Why do we crave chicken ribs?
Pan Yunduan has many thoughts of Zhuangzi and Zhuangzi, and his family business is also great. Coupled with being squeezed out by powerful people, the career is not smooth. He just goes home and does what he wants and likes to do.
"Every year, I am cultivating and harvesting, and I will do everything for Harunosuke." "Hobbies have become addictions, and there is nothing to regret." In this way, year after year, in the eighteenth year of Wanli (1590), this beautiful and elegant garden was finally built, which was recognized as "the crown of famous gardens in southeast China" and "a must in southeast China" at that time.
At this time, it has been eight years since his father died, and Pan Yunyun has devoted half his life to this.
After more than 30 years of construction, what extraordinary landscapes have been built?
First of all, this "Yulinglong" is called "Xuanhe escaped from the net", and "Xuanhe" is the title of Song Huizong Evonne. Song Huizong opened up a feudal garden for himself, plundered exotic flowers, herbs, strange trees and rocks in the southeast of Jiangsu and Zhejiang, aroused public anger and broke out a peasant uprising. Taihu stone, which was not collected before, stayed in Jiangnan. "Yulinglong" is one of them, and it is also the "first product of stone products".
Pan Yunyun naturally couldn't put it down. The bottom of the jade is engraved with the word "Yuhua", which means the essence of jade. Pan Yunyun named his study "Yuhuatang". In the last sixteen years of his life, there were eight volumes of Diary of Yuhuatang, which are now in Shanghai Museum.
Yulinglong is the treasure of Yu Garden, and it is also known as the three famous stones in the south of the Yangtze River with Suzhou Ruiyunfeng and Hangzhou Crepe Yunfeng. It is about 3 meters high, 1.5 meters wide, 80 centimeters thick and weighs about 3 tons, which is the most distinctive leakage of Taihu stone. The ancients once said: "put a furnace incense at the bottom of the stone and smoke comes out of the hole;" Fill a stone roof with a pot of water and the hole will flow in Kong Quan. "Cigarettes are rising in all directions, and clear springs are everywhere, which is wonderful.
Secondly, the rockery in the park was designed and produced by Wu Kang, Huangshi, Zhejiang, and Zhang Nanyang, a famous Dieshan in the Ming Dynasty. The most famous "big rockery" is14m high, 60m wide and 40m deep, with "steep peaks and steep walls and deep valleys".
Looking at the Jiangting at the top of the mountain, "overlooking the Xishan Pavilion, if you take the wind and look at the world". At that time, Ma Pingchuan was everywhere. It was said that you could see the beautiful scenery of ships and sails on the Huangpu River, which was very spectacular.
This big rockery is the only original Zhang Nanyang that has not been destroyed by the war. Now there are many tall buildings, towering ancient trees and lush vegetation, and the big rockery has lost its majestic charm.
Then there is the present Jiuqu Bridge and Huxin Pavilion, both sites of Yuyuan Garden in those days, surrounded by thousands of bamboos, and the pool is full of lotus flowers.
Bamboo grove is green, bamboo leaves rustle and birds chirp. The lotus is graceful, half-opened, with lotus leaves and boundless romance. On the boating pool, while wandering, the flowers are red and green, and they want to meet again. "Fish plays between the lotus leaves." Fish hits the lotus leaf east, fish hits the lotus leaf west, fish hits the lotus leaf south, and fish hits the lotus leaf north. "Playing with fish, naive and elegant, is really a kind of enjoyment!
Pan Yunduan's "Yu Yuan Ji" is mainly realistic, without too many flowery words. However, for those works that cost him half his life, he is quite complacent, although he dare not compare with the career of Wang Chuan, a great poet and painter in the Tang Dynasty, and Pingquanzhuang, a private villa of Prime Minister Li Deyu. "Proper viewing of flowers and stones, convenient classrooms and extensive boats are enough to send scenery and enjoy the rest of your life."
Let's assume that he "didn't know the true face of Yu Garden, but was born in it". Let's take a look at the magnificent scenery depicted in the poem Le Shou Tang Song for Pan Taihong's Life by Dong Qichang, a contemporary Shanghai celebrity and great painter (Pan Taihong is the fourth son of Pan Yunduan and Dong Qichang is his children's in-laws):
Strange, dangerous, beautiful, broad, spiritual, interesting, immortal and broad, Pan Yunyun pursued his hobby to the extreme. However, it flourished and declined. Since then, the Pan Shi family has gone downhill, fulfilling the saying that "the former sages should be followed by the later generations, and the frugality should lead to extravagance".
At the end of Yu Yuan Ji, he sighed and put pen to paper, saying, "The numerology is empty. Although I am addicted to it, I have no regrets. I can really be a man of Yin Jian. If children and grandchildren never learn the lessons of the past, do not cultivate a piece of soil, and do not plant a tree, how good it would be. "
The vegetable garden that once produced a "bumper harvest every year" has now become a "slot machine" with a big mouth and making money all the time. There is a great difference between inside and outside.
Pan Yunyun was reluctant to part with it when he was alive. After his death, even if his descendants want to "plant a piece of soil and plant a tree", there is nothing they can do. Because the management and renovation of the garden cost a lot, the Pan family had to make ends meet, so they had to sell their land. To their grandson, Yuyuan Garden was changed to Zhang (the grandson of his brother was appointed as the General Political Department in the late Ming Dynasty).
In the past hundred years, most of the beautiful scenery of Yu Garden was destroyed by war. With the change of dynasties, the grand occasion is gone. After the founding of New China, the Yuyuan Garden appeared in front of us today after two overhauls: 1956 and 1982. Although it is only over 30 acres, it is amazing enough.
"Look at him rising from the bamboo building, watching him entertain guests, and watching his building collapse!" The long history of Yuyuan Garden flashed before our eyes like a movie, and we couldn't help feeling sad for future generations.
When Pan Yunyun first built the Yuyuan Garden, he didn't expect his family business to be destroyed like this. However, even if he explicitly warned future generations in his notes, he could not stop the pace of decline. His introspection is "addictive", and it is not a bad thing to have this hobby. However, everything is too much. Once he is addicted, no matter how good his hobby is, it will not be a good thing.
"Qin people have to mourn for themselves, and later people mourn for them, and later people mourn for them without learning. This also makes later people mourn for future generations!"
The existence of "greed, anger and delusion" in human nature will never stop making future generations mourn!
The country is like this, the family is like this, and people are not so bad. This is a warning.
The rest of the house is in the west, with many old vegetable fields. Before Jiajing was appointed as the first spring official, he quarried stones and chiseled a little pond to build pavilions and bamboo. He has been doing it for twenty years without any results.
Wanli Dingzhou, the solution of Shu Francisco, in full swing. Fifteen to the ground and seventeen to the pool. Every year, you reap what you sow. At that time, old relatives sang in it, and the garden gradually became known as the winning area.
There are several rafters on the east side of the garden, separated from the noise of the dusty city, with a door in the middle of the tree and a plaque named "Imperial Garden", which is enjoyed by the old people.
Entering the west can be regarded as martial arts, and the door says "getting better", and the west can be twenty martial arts, and turning to the north to set up a small square, saying "people live in a pot of heaven." Liang Shi crossed the square, and the vault crossed the water, but the beam actually rose high and fell in the middle. Four seal characters were carved on the stone, which read "The Great in the Atlas".
Following the east-west route, it won the name of "Yuhua" in the main hall, and the strange stone in front of it is called "Yulinglong", which is said to be the first place to build a stone. According to legend, Xuanhe escaped from the net and was famous for his scheming.
There is a porch behind the hall, and the water is flowing. When the fish is baited, it is called "fish is happy."
From the entrance to the west, the corridor can be thirty meters, and the door can be said to be "Luxiang". If the boulder is collected, it will be hidden in Guangting, and the number will double. Jade will be like a stone, and the left and right are disgusted with strange stones, hidden in stone shapes, and famous flowers and different trees. The front is far away from the big pool and limited to the stone fence. There are five halls, called "Leshou Hall", which are quite good at the beauty of Rodin's sculpture.
The left room of the main hall reads "Chong Si Zhai", and if there is a number, it is engraved with Yu's name, thinking that he is also an admirer of Xianwei.
His right room said "five discussions", but when he was in the past, suffering from running around, he asked his old relatives to say: If you don't care about yourself, you have relatives to work, children to teach and fields to plow, why do you love chicken ribs?
At the beginning of Bi Dingchou's reign, the dream god gave him a jade medal, saying, "There are mountains for firewood, and there are rivers for fish", but the moon has the life of venting officials, so it is a combination.
Hehe, the structure of Happy Shoutang was originally intended to entertain old relatives, but it's a pity that old relatives didn't see it. It's really annoying all the time.
There is an island in the heart of the pool, and there is a pavilion that says "hey, hey". Island peaks crisscross, bamboo trees cover the damage, so Nanshan is also.
From the "five possibilities" to the west, from the south to the "Jiege" and from the east to the "Zuiyue Building", its lower corridor has more than 100 twists and turns. From south to west and then to north, there is a building called "Zheng Yang". Below it is the study room, where you can quietly study the left and right books.
The former tired Wu Kang stone is a mountain, and it is a beautiful gift. It looks very enjoyable. Climbing the stairs starts from Pavilion Road in the west, which belongs to the building and is called "Pure Yang". The pavilion is the most dedicated to Lu Xian. I was slapped by Yu Lan, and even the fairy fell off. Therefore, the old pro-life takes Yang as the small print.
There is Qiyang Land Temple in the middle floor. When the old man was guarding Zhou Qi, the dream god held two laurels. With two children, God took this as his son because of the stagnation of Dr. Huize. I have given birth to my younger brother Yu, and my old relatives have ordered my younger brother Yu to worship him. In the book Language and Tools.
From the pavilion to the bottom is the "Spring Nest", and to the south is the grape trellis. To the west along the picture frame, there are short bridges, bamboo hills, and hundreds of plum trees, leaning on the pavilion and writing "Echoes". The aftersound and the east are "Guanhou Temple".
Out of the temple to the east, it is very interesting to compete for heights, mountains, streams, caves, valleys, beams and beaches.
There is a "Mountain Temple" halfway up the mountain, and there is a pavilion on the east side of the temple, which reads "Promoting Repair in the North". The cluster show is in the depression of the peaks, next to the big pool, facing the Yueshou Hall, and the mountain is here, so as to stop.
Going east from the pavilion, you get a big cave, deep and [gü u], in balance with Zhang Gong and Shan Juan. From the cave to the "Da Shi An" and to the Zen room in the east, monks can stop and take tin.
Going out to the front of the temple, Qifeng stands tall. If you go to the temple to play with horses, the pavilion clouds hinder the moon, covering the highest point of Nanshan and overlooking the Xishan Pavilion. If you look at the world by the wind, it will be a strange place.
From the mountain road in the northeast, through the "photo booth", hovering among the rocks. There are three halls in the north, called Huijing Hall and Snow Nest on the left and Shuixuan on the right.
Out of the scene, bending the beam takes forty steps to repair, but the beam is so-called wide court and happy life is better than this.
There are three towers in the west of Leshou Hall, which are dedicated to Gaozu for appreciation. A pond was chiseled behind the main hall, planted with Han Han and surrounded by a wall. Build a bamboo pavilion and a bamboo canal behind the wall. The east and west are salty and the front pool, and the boat can be circled and flooded.
To the east of Le Shou Tang, don't [b] three halls, which are called "Rong". The piano and books are elegant. There is a fifth floor, which is called "10,000 floor". The nearby building is salty, so I can rest.
The first area of the room honors and lives in the Ji Ziyun Festival, so it will gather in the province, and its hall says "love the day" and it must be raised.
Generally speaking, the garden does not dare to claim to be the ratio of Wangchuan Pingquan, but the right view of flowers and stones, convenient hall and wide boat side are enough to send the scenery and enjoy the rest of the year.
After the first math operation, his possessions were empty. Although I became a hobby, I had no regrets. I was really a scholar in Yin Jian. It would be great if future generations never learned the lessons of the past, cultivated a piece of land and planted a tree.
Thank you, Han, for your recommendation and guidance!
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