On November 27, 25 AD, Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty Liu Xiu established his capital in Luoyang.
Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han Dynasty, named Wenshu, was the founder of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China.
Liu Xiu is the grandson of the ninth emperor of the Han Dynasty, the son of Emperor Jing of the Western Han Dynasty, and a descendant of Jieduhou. He and Emperor Gengxu had the same great-grandfather. His father is Nan Dunqin and his mother is Fan Xian. His ancestors have lived in Caiyang, Nanyang for generations and belong to a local aristocratic family. I have liked Yin Lihua since I was a child, and later I went to Chang'an, where it was great to see me riding a golden horse. I sighed, "The official should be Jinma, and the wife should be Yin Lihua."
Historically, Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty was a far underestimated emperor. It can be said that compared with other founding emperors, such as Emperor Qin, Emperor Wu of Han, Tang Zong, Song Zu, etc. Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty was only high but not low!
When you mention the emperors in Chinese history, the first thing you think of is Emperor Qin, Emperor Wu of Han, Tang Zong, Song Zu, Ming Dynasty, Chengzu, Kangxi, Qianlong and so on. However, Shenwu, the founding emperor of the Eastern Han Dynasty, was unpredictable, and Liu Xiu, who was crowned the Hundred Kings, knew little about it. The founder of this temple, Emperor Guangwu Liu Xiu, is obviously not as famous as the emperors mentioned above, those famous emperors who lost their country. But it is not inferior in performance.
Liu Xiu is a descendant of Liu Fa, the concubine of Changsha Emperor Han Jing. After Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, he and his brother Liu Yan organized the Fuling army in their hometown to restore Liu's rule. The two brothers joined the system of starting over. Liu Xiu defeated Wang Mang's army of more than 400,000 with a slight advantage in Kunyang. Liu Yan was killed by Emperor Gengxu for offering advice to Gao Zhen. Liu Xiu, who was good at keeping a low profile and biding his time, confessed his crime to the emperor in person and reformed, thus quelling the crisis. After killing Wang Mang, Liu Xiu took the opportunity to leave and asked Hebei to start a new life.
With the support of local forces in Hebei, Liu Xiu proclaimed himself emperor at the age of 30 in the first year of Jianwu, adopting the strategy of Guandong first and then Ganchuan. In 13 years, he unified China. Rebuilding the Han Dynasty. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, taxes were lightly paid, slaves were emancipated, the economy was restored, and production was developed. We have also strengthened centralization of power and reformed the official system. History calls the period of his rule Guangwu Zhongxing.
Among the emperors in history, Han Gao was black-hearted, Wu Wei was cruel, Tang Zong was lustful, Song Zu was greedy, and Ming Zu was murderous. But Guangwu did not have these qualities that impressed future generations.
Now, try to compare Emperor Guangwu with several famous emperors in Chinese history.
Emperor Guangwu and Emperor Gaozu of the Han Dynasty
Gao Han and Guangwu have completely different styles in the process of life and domination of the world. Han people are open-minded and generous, but they talk a lot and do little. Good wine and good sex. No, home production work. Seeing Qin Shihuang's chariot, he sighed heavily and said, "Oh, this is what a gentleman should do!" On the contrary, Wu was introverted and cautious. Be diligent in farming. When Guangwuxi saw Cai Shaogong predicting that Liu Xiu would be the emperor through divination, he said: "How do you know that you are not a servant?"
Han's success depends on the efforts of others, Xiao He and Han Xin's efforts on him The impact is great. Although Zhang Liang and Chen Ping are not as good as Han Xiao, they are still indispensable to Gaozu. Instead, Guangwu relied mainly on his own strength. Among the 28 generals under him, only Deng Yu played a greater role, but he did not play an important role. Liu Bang's army was as powerful as Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. Compared to Gaozu, Emperor Guangwu's men were much mediocre. There are not even people who are good at peace. This will unleash the power of Emperor Guangwu.
In his treatment of Confucian scholars, Emperor Gaozu was ignorant, looked down upon Confucian scholars, and used the Confucian scholar's hat to pee. Guangwu himself was born as a student, Guangwu Zhongxing, loves classics and never gets out of the car. Instead, he first visited Yaya.
In the military, Liu Xiu's generals Feng Yi, Wu Han, and Deng Yu all received tactical guidance from Emperor Guangwu. The famous Eastern Han Dynasty general Ma Yuan was in close contact with Liu Xiu in the military. Same name. "Fubo talks about soldiers, I like it." But Liu Bang has no record of this. Instead, he made a mistake and was reminded by Zhang Liang. Peigong led his troops to the west. Zhang Liang admonished: "Pei Gong wants to rush into the pass. The Qin army is large and there is no danger. If you don't go to Wan, Wan will attack from behind and take the lead. This is a dangerous road."
Henkel's name in military history is the Battle of Pengcheng, where 600,000 troops were killed by Xiang Yu's 20,000 troops. The Battle of Guangwu Kunyang is indeed one of the few battles in history. Henkel suddenly went to Han Xin's army twice to accept his military power, which was actually a manifestation of his inner self-confidence. However, Emperor Guangwu asked Feng Yi, Kou Xun, Wu Han and others to lead the army for a long time and took over.
As for Hen Gao’s final killing of Han Peng, forcing Xiao He to commit suicide to survive, it is not as good as Guang Wu’s kindness and gratitude to the male protagonist.
Compared to Guangwu, Henkel's ability is only to make good use of others. But Han Xin was beside him and he didn't notice. Knowing people well should be discounted. In fact, the biggest advantage of Henkel is that it accepts good suggestions. It would be even worse if you don't have the ability and don't listen to good words.
As for character, Han Gao was not as good as Guangwu, and Han Gao was not as good as Guangwu. The king of Han was defeated, disadvantaged, and flew away. See Xiaohui, Lu Yuan, and carry it. The king of Han, Ma, and Lu were behind, and Chang's two sons were behind. If you want to dislike it, the baby will always accept it, but if you want to carry it, Xu Xing will have to face Uncle Yong. The King of Han, furious, tried to cut the baby off more than ten times, but he had to take it off and send it to Xiao Hui and Lu Yuan Yufeng.
Henkel was so busy running for his life that even his own children were spared.
However, Liu Xiu was defeated by the Han army in Xiao Chang'an, and all the generals lost their families, so they fled alone. When I met my brother Ji Bo, I rode horses with her. Go, see Yuan, and mount your horse. Yuanshou said: "If you can do it, you can't help each other. If you don't do anything, you can't do anything."
In terms of dealing with people, Liu Bang was slow and insulting, and he scolded the prince like a domestic slave. He also compared his subordinates to hunting dogs. Liu Xiu trusts others.
Why do later generations think that Guangwu was not as tall as Han?
Many people believe that Emperor Guangwu more or less borrowed Liu Bang's help in rebuilding the Han Dynasty. However, we have to see that the identity of the Guangwu clan is also a double-edged sword. "Liu Xiu was arrested everywhere in Guanzhong, and Liu Xiu was arrested everywhere in Hebei." Moreover, the separatist forces in the early Eastern Han Dynasty were more or less related to Liu. Starting over, Chimei and Liu Yong are both true members of the Liu family, and their blood relationship is closer.
It only took Gaozu 6 years to unify China, and Guangwu 13 years. It’s ridiculous to think that Han is superior to Yu Guangwu. After Gao Han came out of seclusion, his only enemy was Xiang Yu, while Guangwu had many opponents, such as Chi Mei, Liu Yong, Zhang Bu, Dong Xian, Xiao Wei, Gongsun Shu, etc.
After Emperor Gaozu granted the king of Han Dynasty to Hanzhong, there were still 30,000 soldiers. However, Emperor Guangwu rode his bicycle to Hebei, and Wang Lang rebelled. Only two counties in Hebei supported Liu Xiu, and the rest respected Wang Lang. Liu Bang's crusade against Xiang Yu received support from various princes, but Guangwu only based himself in Hanoi. Moreover, Xiang Yu only excels in tactics and has no special skills. For example, Liu Bang led twenty-eight Yuntai generals to fight against Chimei, Gongsun Shu and others. Whether Liu Bang can unify is also a question.
Zhao once said something. Le said with a smile: "People don't know it, but their words are too strong. If I meet the emperor, I should deal with the matter from the north, and fight with the whip of Han. The deer is driven in the Central Plains, and it is not known who will kill the deer. Have the courage." People behave like the sun and the moon, but they cannot be like Cao Mengde and Sima Zhongda, who bully their orphans and widowed mothers, and dominate the world with their charms. In the ears of Liu and others, Xuanyuan is not what he wants! "< /p>
Shi Le despises Liu Xiu, which is normal. After all, even if he is the brother of Emperor Guangwu l
In fact, the comparison between Henkel and Guangwu can be drawn from a conversation between Ma Yuan and Xiao Wei. Yuan said: "Before going to the court, you will be introduced to dozens of people. Every time you take the feast, you will be wise and brave, and will not be an enemy of others. But be open-minded, frank, undisguised, and as broad as a few knots, just like Gaudí." . Extensive reading, political writing, unparalleled in his previous life."
Tao: "What do you call a Gao Di?"
Auxiliary: "Better than that." I am a good official today and I don’t like drinking.”
Provoking him: “You said that, repeatedly conquering evil?” As Xiao Wei said, Guangwu is better than Henkel.
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty and Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty
Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was much more famous and influential than Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty, but his abilities and actions were not necessarily the same. One is to use the property accumulated by ancestors for generations to attack the Huns, and the other is to rebuild the dynasty with bare hands, relying entirely on his own abilities.
Some people believe that Han Wu attacked the Xiongnu in the north, defeated the Yue Kingdom in the south, and destroyed Dawan in the west. The surrender of the Western Regions was to open up territory and expand the territory. But in fact, there is no need to fight between Dawan and Yue people. After all, they posed no threat to the Han Dynasty. Eventually the attack on the Huns exceeded its limit. When the Huns were unable to move south but refused to surrender, they would continue to attack. This is militarism.
Because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty frequently used troops, he spent all the treasury accumulated by the Wen and Jing generations. "The world is ruined, and the household registration is halved." To solve financial problems, profitable industries such as salt, iron, and wine were monopolized by the state.
And he also began to sell his official position so that he could use money to atone for his sins. In short, work hard to make money.
Some people say that Han Wu was to benefit future generations. In fact, wars were going on everywhere in Han and Wu. One is because he is good at fighting, and the other is to create opportunities for his relatives and friends to become knights. He said that for the sake of the people, of course future generations cannot understand the mood of the people at that time. But if you put yourself in his shoes, look at the number of peasant uprisings in the last years of Emperor Wu of Liang. It is nonsense to say that the people support his actions.
In fact, Han Wu did not need to spend so much money to achieve the same victory as Tang Taizong in the early Qing Dynasty when he destroyed the Turks and Mongolia.
In fact, Tang Taizong's evaluation of Liu Che was very objective. Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty spent thirty years in poverty, draining China and gaining little.
Guangming's strategy towards the Xiongnu and the Western Regions was far more clever and flexible than Hanwu's. In the last years of Emperor Guangwu's reign, the Xiongnu were on the defensive, and the border residents moved to the interior. Just doing this, on the one hand, is war-weary, but most importantly, it is the power of caring for people. It is not necessary to use force against the enemy. In fact, being just and kind can achieve the same effect. Later the Huns split into northern and southern parts. The Southern Huns voluntarily attached themselves, hoping to get married. Liu Xiu agreed to the request for marriage. Even if the Northern Huns were in trouble, Emperor Guangwu would not agree to attack the Huns.
After the Xiongnu got hungry, they started fighting each other. The emperor asked the palace, and the palace said: "I would like to have five thousand cavalry to perform meritorious service."
The emperor smiled and said: "A home that is always victorious cannot worry about the enemy. We can think about it ourselves."
In the twenty-seventh year, Gong Nai and Yang Mawu wrote, "The Huns are greedy for profit and rude. If they are poor, they will apologize. If they are safe, they will invade and steal their property." The edge will be poisoned by them. China is worried about their arrival. Today, people and animals are dying of plague, and drought locusts are in the red land, so it is not a county in China. When the blessings no longer come, it is easy to lose. Should we stick to morality and fall into martial arts? Now we are ordered to buy rewards from Houxian County in the future. Goguryeo, Wu Heng, and Xianbei are ordered to attack the left, and the four counties of Longxi, Tianshui, and Huqiang are sent to attack the right. Just like this, Beilu is also. Destroyed
The imperial edict said: "From 0755 to 79000, 'softness can control hardness, and weakness can control strength'. A person who is weak in virtue, a person who is a tough thief, a person who is weak in the sun, and a person who is strong in resentment. Therefore, a virtuous king enjoys himself with others; an unvirtuous king enjoys himself. Those who are happy will be happy, and those who are happy will not be long. Those who are near and far away will work in vain; those who are far away from home but close will end up running away. Too many loyal ministers are in politics, and too many people are in politics. Therefore, people who serve a wide range of people are in short supply, but those who serve a wide range of people are strong. Those who get it will be happy, and those who are greedy will be ruined. Destroy the government, even if it succeeds it will be defeated. Today, our country does not have good governance, disasters continue to occur, people are frightened, people do not protect themselves, and are eager to return to a distant place just outside? Confucius said: "I am afraid of internal suffering, so I will not live there." However, there are many rumors about powerful enemies in the north and garrison garrison that are often untrue. If you could take half the world to eliminate the big bandits, wouldn't that be your wish? If it's not the right time, it's better to focus on others. "
Of course the generals don't dare to talk about military affairs anymore.
Some people want to be Huo Wei, but Guangwu doesn't want to imitate Hanwu. Don't fight unnecessary wars. At this point , Emperor Guangwu did the same thing with Ming Taizu, Qing Jiaqing and other emperors.
In his later years, Liu Che pursued immortality and appointed a favored alchemist, but he was defrauded of money and sex in his later years. The villain Jiang Chong killed countless people with witchcraft curses. In the end, he even forced his own queen Wei Zifu and the prince to death.
Han Wu greatly expanded the harem and eliminated many concubines in the early Han Dynasty. In addition to the queen, there are 13 kinds of beauties, lovers, eighth sons, seventh sons, long envoys, and little envoys. Until the reign of Emperor Wu, life was decadent and corrupt.
"The official must be the benefactor, and the wife must be the benefactor." Be Yin Lihua. "Guangwu has always been devoted to his wife Yin Lihua. After becoming emperor, for some reasons, Guo was made the queen, and Liu Jiang, the son of Guo, was made the prince. Later, Queen Guo became a bit coquettish and resentful. She was abandoned. . Jiang also asked to resign his post.
Liu Xiu disliked the old, but he registered the same Yin Lihua as the old one. At the same time, Yin's son Liu Zhuang was named the prince. Guo Hou and the deposed prince Liu Jiang were also saved and died well. Guangwu's harem was much smaller than that of Hanwu, with only five ranks, and 9 of his 10 sons were in Guo. Born after Hou and Yin.
Ban Gu said that Sima Qian's conscience was greatly broken because he wrote Han Wu very poorly. In fact, Tai Shigong wrote Liu Che well enough.
Sima Guang’s evaluation of Han Wu is very appropriate. He was filial and extravagant, his punishments were heavy, his palace was extravagant, his foreign affairs were foreign affairs, his beliefs were confused, he traveled too much, and his people were tired and turned into thieves, so he was rarely different from Qin Shihuang. In fact, it may not be clear whether Emperor Qin and Emperor Wu of Han could become famous monarchs. But what Emperor Guangwu did was far beyond him.
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty
Taizong of the Tang Dynasty captured Jiande and descended to earth, defeating two opponents in one fell swoop and destroying Henan. It is a fact that Li Shimin has not had a suitable army since ancient times. The influence of Chastity's rule on later generations was obviously greater than that of Emperor Guangwu's Zhongxing. Looking at Tang Shu and Tongjian, we have to admit that Tang Taizong was an unprecedented monarch. Of course, the first half of the Records of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty was compiled before the death of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Shimin also read it himself.
Both Emperor Tang Zong and Emperor Guangwu had outstanding personal abilities. They are all Napoleonic figures. However, Tang Zong's military and political talents were obviously stronger than light weapons. The opponents Dou Jiande, Wang and Xue are obviously more difficult to deal with than Gongsun Shu, Zhang Bu.
The army went up to West Jiahu Fort. In the Sui Dynasty, Song Laosheng led 20,000 troops to Huoyi to resist the rebel army. Gaozu and Pei Ji discussed for a long time, and then returned to Yutai after the rain passed.
The same thing happened to Liu Xiu. The generals saw that Xun and Yi's troops were as strong as a broken bamboo, so they led their troops back to Kunyang. They were all afraid and worried about their wives and concubines, and wanted to leave for Zhucheng. Wu Yi said: "There are few soldiers in the valley today, but the outside bandits are strong. If we can resist them, we can stand up." We can disperse if we want, but there is no momentum. But Wan Cheng was not pulled out and could not be rescued. When Kunyang breaks, all tribes will be wiped out in one day. Today, different brave men enjoy fame and fame, but want to keep their wives' property to do evil? "
The generals said angrily: "How dare General Liu do this! "
Wu laughed and said: When he comes back on horseback, he will say that he is a soldier and go to the north of the city. The army is hundreds of miles away, but you can't see it. "I want to ask General Liu to do the calculation," he said. Said. Light recovery is the success or failure of a picture. All worries force to say "yes"
This reflects the difference in the way the two people do things. Guangwu is the world. The prosperity of the country has caused this. Wang Yi and Wang Xun's divisions are known as millions of soldiers, and all the desires are dispersed in the cities, and all the generals will not obey the enemy. , you will be scratched and overthrown when you face the enemy. It is difficult to distinguish your own good or bad from the bad of the group, so it is time to argue and cry desperately just to listen. He was forced to say it as soon as he was invited. If all the generals stopped asking and were suddenly dispersed, could they be corrupted? Oh! This promising man is different from that arrogant man. Guangwu could not kill the hero, but Guangwu could save the fallen master. After Wang surrendered, he killed many of Wang's men and killed the captured Dou Jiande, causing the rest of Hebei Dou to refuse to surrender. For the main purpose, it took a lot of effort to pacify Hebei.
Ling Ge’s 24 heroes and Yuntai’s 28 generals
Guangwu’s Yuntai 28 generals are basically military generals, and Tang Zong Lingyan. The 24 civil and military officials in the pavilion are obviously more talented than Yuntai. Li He can unify China in any historical period and has the best team in China. In history, only Henkel is so good-looking.
But anything related to the royal family in Yuntai 28 is not included. For example, Guangwu's cousin Laishe made great contributions and was not included in the end. Inclusion. Sages do not avoid relatives, but in the end they let them go and leave the opportunity to others.
Ling Ge ranked 24th, and the first place was Sun Chang Wuji, the brother-in-law of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty. . I really don’t see what credit this guy has. I guess he has a shady background.
Tang Zong’s martial arts were far superior to those of the Han Dynasty, but the Turks were superstitious in their later years and conquered Korea, resulting in a disastrous defeat. In fact, Li Shimin did not need to personally conquer, so he could send Li Shixun to lead a teacher. In contrast to Emperor Guangwu's establishment of Emperor Ming of the Han Dynasty, Tang Zong made the worst possible successor. It also shows his despicability.
Emperor Guangwu of Song Dynasty and the Han Dynasty
Song Zu is also my favorite emperor, although Song Zu and Emperor Guangwu are not as good as Tang Zong in terms of inner saint and outer king. But this does not affect them from becoming excellent emperors.
In the Song Dynasty, the status of scholar-bureaucrats was the highest in Chinese history. Song Zu, like Emperor Guangwu, respected literati very much.
It was even regarded as an ancestral precept not to kill scholar-bureaucrats and was passed down from generation to generation. As long as the emperor treats scholars well, I like it.
Yan Wu Xiuwen, the situation since the end of the Tang Dynasty when the vassal states were separated and the Five Dynasties changed. Liquor is used to relieve military power and deprive meritorious generals of military power. Like Liu Xiu, he killed neither the hero nor the king. As for the inability to defeat Liao, that is Taizong's responsibility. Although the Song Patriarch limited his military power, his strength was not weak.
Among the founding monarchs, only Zhao Kuangyin and Liu Xiu had gentlemanly demeanor. As a lower-level gender
If Song Zu is not as good as Guangwu, the main reasons are as follows: 1. His country was obtained from orphans and widows, which was quite unworthy; 2. Being an emperor was too short-lived. If Song Zu lived 10 more years, even if Liao could not be defeated, it would not be a big problem to recapture Youyun.
Emperor Guangwu, Taizu of the Ming Dynasty
If you use one word to describe Mingzu, it is violence. It is true that Mingzu is indeed a hero, but he is too cruel. Kill nature. It is a soft word to describe Guangwu. He conquers the world with Jiujitsu and rules the world with Jiujitsu.
Ming Dynasty once said, I am in troubled times, and this picture is self-sufficient. Since crossing the river, I have seen that what the heroes have done has only caused suffering to the people, especially Zhang Shicheng and Chen Youliang. Honest and wealthy, friends trusting and strong, I am independent. But he is not bloodthirsty, spreads faith, is frugal, and works in the same boat as the Qing Dynasty.
I don’t know that Mingzu said that he didn’t like killing, he didn’t kill animals, he treated his lords preferentially, and he didn’t kill indiscriminately when he conquered the world, but when he ruled the world, he made up for all the people he had not killed before. The Hu Lan case and the Kongyin case resulted in tens of thousands of deaths.
Wu also killed many unjust officials in the Dutian incident, but not as much as Mingzu. And he won't kill innocent people indiscriminately. Both Mingzu and Guangwu were introverted people, but Mingzu was obviously suspicious in his later years and did not trust anyone. Guangwu is more open-minded.
It shows that Liu Bowen, Song Dynasty, and Yuanzu lost the world because of their generosity. In troubled times, we need to use strict methods. Zu Nazhi, the Ming Dynasty began to severely punish them before and after the founding of the People's Republic of China. Guangwu also encountered the same situation. Tongtong is in the court, and Chen is at his advantage. I think the law is light and rape is invincible. The penalties for following the old code should be severe. But Guangwu did not adopt his suggestion. This may also be different from Mingzu and Guangwu's character, temperament, and style.
Both Guangyihui Street and Mingzu valued fellow villagers. Most of Guangwu's twenty-eight generals were from the Nanyang, Yingchuan, and Henan groups. Most of the 21 heroes of the Ming Dynasty were from Huaixi. Both areas stand out.
28 will all end well in the end. 21 heroes, except those who died early, were executed by Ming Taizu for a small mistake, such as Sheng Feng and Fu Youde.
There is another similarity between Ming and Guangwu, that is, Sichuan was the last step to conquer the world. Liu Xiu finally destroyed Gongsun Shu, and Zhu Yuanzhang finally dealt with Jing Ming. After being destroyed by Xia Ming, Jingming's general Ding Shizhen was killed by his minions, who invited him to become a marquis. However, Mingzu failed to fulfill his reward. Because, being a servant, killing the master and returning, cheating on him. He just did it because he didn't want to encourage that kind of thing. It can be seen that Mingzu was a very traditional Chinese. Care very much about loyalty, filial piety, benevolence and righteousness.
At dawn, Yuyang rebelled. Peng's slaves killed Peng and his wife and took off their heads. Hesitating again and again, calling Peng a slave is unfair.
Guangwu was indeed inferior to Mingzu in handling this matter. But regarding Guangwu's handling of this matter, future generations' evaluation of Mingzu must be known.
Ming Dynasty, like Emperor Guangwu, wanted to concentrate power so that it would not perish. Although Wu is a public official, everything belongs to Taige. It is Yang Gong who controls the power in the hands of some low-level officials in Shangshutai. Bookshelf officials were directly responsible to the emperor.
The Ming Dynasty was even more one-size-fits-all, simply deposing the prime minister and not allowing future generations to recover. Both of them are actually worried about the usurpation of power by powerful people. Only relatives can be used to guard against clan members and powerful officials, while Zhu uses the surname Fan to guard against powerful officials.
But the system they changed actually had higher requirements for the monarch's ability. However, neither of them expected that after the three generations of the Later Han Dynasty, all of them would be infant emperors. After Xuanzong of the Ming Dynasty, except for Xiaozong, There are also a bunch of lazy emperors. As a result, all the efforts of the ancestors were in vain.
The biggest fault of the Ming Dynasty was not killing people, but failing to restore the enlightened autocracy of the Song Dynasty after expelling the Mongols. After unification, Jinyiwei was established to implement spy rule. A secret folding system was also invented that allowed ministers to tell secrets. He also invented the court trial system.
The 16-year-old Kangxi captured Aobai, and the 20-year-old Kangxi faced the San Francisco Rebellion, such as Wu Sangui, a veteran on the battlefield.
At that time, there was Wu Sangui in the southwest, Wang in the northwest, and Shang Zhixin and Geng in the southeast.
Founded by enemies on three sides, Kangxi adopted the strategy of suppression and caressing, divide and conquer. Strategically, we must first defend Jingzhou to curb the rebels' northward movement. It took eight years to suppress the rebellion.
Reuse Shi Lang to regain Taiwan Province. The Treaty of Nebuchadnezzar was signed, although northern Russia. The northern border between China and Russia was determined. After three personal expeditions, Gordan was eliminated. We also joined the army and settled in Tibet. The territory of China today was confirmed.
Liu Xiu’s ability to open up to the outside world is really poor.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Wu issued edicts more than ten times to free slaves and strictly prohibited the killing of slaves. He also neglected to pay taxes and restored taxes to the level of thirty-one taxes in the early Western Han Dynasty. Just like Kangxi stopped enclosing land, revised the evasion laws, raised people, and never raised taxes. It's all about correcting past mismanagement and re-developing production.
Both Wu and Kangxi had strict heirs. Emperor Ming and Yongzheng were both diligent and demanding emperors, but their political achievements were also good. Among the three generations ruled by Guang and Zhang Ming, Guang and Wu were broad, Emperor Ming was fierce, and Zhang Di was broad. During the heyday of Kang and Yong, Kangxi Kuan, Yongzheng Meng, and Qianlong Kuan Meng combined. Although Wu's rule is not as good as the prosperous period of Qian Dynasty, Wenjing's rule and Kaiyuan Dynasty, it can still be regarded as a good historical period.
Oh, because Guangwu didn’t like it, he went to attack the Huns to build the Great Wall. Because he did not fight for himself, he opened the Grand Canal, so his reputation in Chinese history is even worse than that of some kings who subjugated their country.
From ancient times to the present, if Guangwu meets Tang Taizong and Kangxi, he cannot be defeated, and the others can be defeated.