Taizu Temujin (1 162- 1227) was called Khan in 1206, and he was in office for 22 years.
Taizu Temujin, surnamed Qi Wowen, named Temujin, Mongolian. 1206 was elected as "Genghis Khan" by Mongolian nobles. After that, he carried out large-scale aggression and expansion and died in 1227, with the temple name Taizu.
Taizong Wokuo Terrace (1186-1241) ascended the throne on 1229, and was in the position of 13.
Genghis Khan's third son, Wokuotai, was supervised by his fourth son, Tuo Lei, for one year after Genghis Khan's death. Wokuotai 1229 was enthroned. 1234, United with the Song Dynasty to destroy the State of Jin. He captured the Southern Song Dynasty in 124 1 and died at the age of 56.
Zhaoci -( 1242- 1246) year system
Empress Zhao Ci, surnamed Zhen, was the sixth empress of Wokuotai. After Wokuotai's death, Empress Zhaoci failed to recommend Khan.
Gui You (1206- 1248) ascended the throne on 1246, and he was in office for three years.
The reason why Emperor Taizong was noble was that his eldest son and his mother was Ma Su. 1246 acceded to the throne and 1248 died at the age of 43.
Qin Shu-(1248-1251) year system.
Empress Qin Shu, the third empress of Yuan Dingzong.
Xianzong Mongo ascended the throne in (1208-1259)1251year, and he reigned for 9 years.
Xianzong, surnamed Qi and named Meng Ge, is the grandson of Genghis Khan and his father Tuo Lei. After he acceded to the throne, he continued to expand while changing the political system. 1257, occupied Dali. 1259, when attacking Sichuan Fishing City, Meng Ge was killed by cannon stone. At the age of 52.
Kublai Khan Saito (12 15- 1294) ascended the throne in 1260 and reigned for 35 years.
Ancestors Kublai Khan, surnamed Qi Wowen, father Tuo Lei, brother Meng Ge. /kloc-acceded to the throne in 0/260, and 1279 destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty, making its capital mostly. Change the name of the country "Yuan". 1294 died at the age of 80.
Emperor timur (1265- 1307) ascended the throne in 1294, and proclaimed himself emperor in 13, the grandson of Kublai Khan and the third son of Crown Prince Jin. Known as the "good at keeping things" king. He died on 1307 at the age of 42.
Wu Zonghai Mountain (1281-1311) ascended the throne on 1307, and he was in office for four years.
Wu Zong, a famous seaman, is the grandson of Prince Zhenjin of Yuan Shizu, and his father answered Ma Bala. Haishan gained the throne by military strength. Therefore, centralization will be strengthened after the accession to the throne. He died in 13 1 1 year at the age of 3 1 year.
Injong ascended the throne in (1285-1320)131and reigned for 10.
Renzong, who is famous for his love of religion, is the younger brother of Wu Zongdi, a well-connected man. After he ascended the throne, he took Confucianism as the ruling tool and got rid of the disadvantages of Wuzong. He died on 1320 at the age of 36.
Yingzong (1303- 1323) ascended the throne in 1320, and was in office for 4 years.
British Sect, singularity, eight thorns of a famous teacher, son of Renzong. English sects reformed politics after he ascended the throne. Quite cheerful. Strict law enforcement. 1323, the court coup was killed. He is 2 1 year old.
Taidingdi (1276- 1328) ascended the throne in 1323 and reigned for five years.
Taiding Emperor, also known as Sun timur, is the direct grandson of Prince Jin of Yuan Shizu, and his father is Gamma. 1323 crowned emperor. Basically retained the reform achievements of Renhe and the British dynasty. 1328 died at the age of 53.
Tianshun Emperor (1 320-1328)1328 ascended the throne in September, and reigned for1month.
Tianshun Emperor, named Azijiba, son of Taiding Emperor. 1 month in office, defeated and fled, unaccounted for.
Wen Zong (1304-1332) (1328.9-1329.438+0; 1329.8-1332.11) reigned for ***5 years.
Wenzong, the famous Timur, the second son of Wuzong. In the civil war, Tianshun Emperor was established with Shaduzi with thorns, and he ascended the throne after victory. He died on 1332 at the age of 29.
Ming Sect (1300-1329) (1329.1-kloc-0/329.8) ascended the throne in August.
Zoroastrianism, the eldest son of Minghe. Poisoned after eight months in power. When I was 30.
Ning Zong (1326-1332) (1332.10-1332.1) has been in office for more than a month.
Ning Zong, named Yi Phosphorus Ban, is the second son.
Shun Di (1320- 1370) reigned for 36 years.
Shun Di, whose real name is Huan timur, is the eldest son of Mingzong. During which a large-scale peasant uprising broke out. 1368, Xu Da, the general of Zhu Yuanzhang, led the Ming army to attack Dadu, fled and Yuan died. 1370, Shun Di died at the age of 5 1 year.
Dayuan famous minister:
More interestingly, some Mongols believe in Islam, Buddhism and Taoism at the same time.
1
Yeluchucai (1 189-1243), a native of Qidan, was named Jin Qing, a lay man in Zhan Ran, and an old man in Yuquan. A well-read and versatile man, Yanjing native, the eighth grandson of Liaodong Danwang. After the Mongols defeated Yanjing, Genghis Khan was summoned in Mobei in 12 18, which was greatly appreciated. He paid a courtesy call on the left and right Yuan Wailang and Emperor Taizong of the Central Secretariat. 12 19 accompanied Genghis Khan's army to the west. He stood up for his words, was honest and upright, and enjoyed high prestige both inside and outside the imperial court. Before his death, he asked to be buried at the lake Wengshan, which is Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace. Luye Chucai Tomb was destroyed in the Ming Dynasty, and was restored and converted into a temple in the Qing Dynasty. Lu Ye Chucai Temple is located on the east bank of Kunming Lake in the Summer Palace, north of Wenchang Pavilion, with a tombstone of Emperor Qianlong's imperial poems. This huge tomb is where Lu Ye Chucai and his wife were buried together.
Genghis Khan decided to annex, called for the phase, and lived through the two dynasties. All the bad customs in Mongolia are called reform. The scale of the founding of the Yuan Dynasty increased, and the collection of books was extensive, bypassing astronomy, geography, legal calendar, medical divination and Buddhism, and he was good at poetry. He is the author of Collected Works of Zhan Ran laity and The Journey to the West.
When he was young, he served as a fan in the Jin Dynasty. After Emperor Xuanzong moved to the capital, Hong Yan came back from the dead and stayed in Zhongdu, becoming the foreign minister of the left and right departments. After the Mongolian army broke the capital, Genghis Khan summoned him in Mobei and praised him greatly. He is called "my plan is reasonable" (bearded). The next year, I went to the west with the army. Later, during the Khan period of Wokuotai, he participated in military affairs discussions for a long time, set up etiquette for the monarch and ministers and established a tax system for Wokuotai, which enabled Mongolia to have general etiquette, legal system and sufficient national use. Abolish the old massacre system and save the people in the occupied areas. Set up editing institutes and Confucian classics institutes, print Confucian classics, offer courses to recruit scholars, gradually promote cultural education and recruit Confucian scholars. After the death of Wokuotai, the official to the secretariat, Queen Ma Naizhen was in power, and the political affairs were chaotic, so she could not fight for it and died of grief and indignation. The pawn was given to the king of Quang Ninh and served.
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Tuotuo (1314-1355), also known as Tuoketuo, Miriqi, Mongolian. He grew up in his home in Bo Yan and studied under Wu Zhifang in Pujiang. In the second year of Yuan Dynasty (1334), he was appointed Tongzhi Yuan, moved to China as a political envoy, Tongzhi Privy Council, an ancient scholar, and the right prime minister of Zhongshu. At that time, Bo Yan was the right prime minister of Zhongshu, and he was in power. He is jealous of Shun Di, and he is afraid of getting tired of it. He conspired with Shun Di to get rid of Bo Yan. After the change of the old government in Bo Yan, the imperial examination was resumed. Participated in suppressing the uprising of Xuzhou Sesame Red Scarf Army, persisted in killing the city, and made outstanding achievements, winning the title of Taishi. In the 14th year of Zheng Zhi (1354), he crusaded against Zhang Shicheng rebellion in Gaoyou (now Jiangsu) and was defeated by Shi Cheng. In fifteen years (1355), he was exiled to Yunnan and later poisoned by Yuan Shundi. Twenty-two years (1362), Zhao Xue was reinstated. For three years (1343), Zheng Zhi was the editor-in-chief of Liao History, Song History and Jin History, and served as the president of the capital.
three
Bo Yan (? -1340) was a military and political figure in the late Yuan Dynasty in China. Bo Yan's grandfather worked with Yuan Xianzong in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his father was the commander of Suwei in Longfutai harem. In Yuan Chengzong, Bo Yan was appointed as Yuan Wuzong's squire, and in 1299, he took part in the crusade against Haidu Khan, for which Yuan Wuzong awarded Bo Yan the title of the son of Eight Doors. After Yuan Wuzong acceded to the throne, he held an important position in the official department such as Shangshu, and Taiding Emperor died. Yan Tiemu, the powerful minister, wanted to receive Wang Huai (Yuan Wenzong), the son of Wuzong, from Jiangling, and Bo Yan was then a political figure in Pingzhang, Henan Province, fully supporting and escorting Wang Huai to the north. After he ascended the throne, Wenzong was promoted to the right prime minister of Zhongshu many times. When Yuan Shundi was the son of Yan timur, Tang Qishi and Tara Khan were killed on suspicion of rebellion, which made Bo Yan gradually monopolize the military and political power and cited a large number of cronies as senior officials, including his nephew Tuotuo. But later, Shun Di was dissatisfied with Bo Yan, so he joined forces to take off Tuotuo, and launched an action in 1340 to punish Bo Yan and demote him to Henan, and did it again in the same year.
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Ahma (? -1282), a Hui nationality, was one of Kublai Khan's closest ministers in Yuan Shizu. He was born in Finakat (now Uzbekistan) and is the Prime Minister. I don't know my early life experience. I only know that Ahema worked as a Tongzhi in Shangdu for two years (126 1), and was in charge of the left and right parts of the Chinese book for three years, and was also a transshipment ambassador. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1264), he rose to the position of a flat chapter in the Chinese book and was in charge for more than ten years. During his reign, Ahma was mainly in charge of finance. He increased his income by cleaning up his household registration, implementing the monopoly system and issuing banknotes (called paying banknotes). After the Southern Song Dynasty, Yuan Ping implemented the policy of issuing banknotes and restricting the monopoly of medicinal materials in the south of the Yangtze River, which greatly increased the fiscal revenue in the early Yuan Dynasty. However, his various financial measures caused dissatisfaction among other ministers. The military attache contacted the eminent monk, and when Sai-jo went north to Shangdu (present-day Inner Mongolia), he falsely summoned Ahema, who stayed in Dadu, and then planned to assassinate Ahema.
Two people were later killed. However, after that, ministers wrote in succession that what Ama did was illegal. As a result, Kublai Khan also counted his grandmother's crime, not only confiscated his property, killed his henchmen, but also cut open her coffin and dismembered her body.
Traditional historians' evaluation of Ahma is quite negative. For example, in the History of Yuan Dynasty, Ahema was included in the Biography of Treacherous Courtiers, with words such as "taking advantage of the boss's greed" and "taking bribes in domestic currency and showing punishment outside". However, with the deepening of research, the evaluation of Ahema is no longer extreme. During his term of office, Main Ahma mainly reformed the tax system and reorganized the finance. It was only in the early Yuan Dynasty that the Mongols were not convinced by the Han people, so that as long as the prime minister was semu, no matter what the evidence was, he would be regarded as greedy and tyrannical. It should be noted that at the same time, another minister, Sanger, suffered the same tragedy as Ahma because he was in charge of finance. The Travels of Marco Polo also recorded this incident in detail and pointed out that it was caused by ethnic and religious problems.
five
An Tong (1248—1293), a politician in Yuan Dynasty, was born in Zalar, Mongolia, and was the grandson of Muqali IV.
When Antong was a teenager, he followed Kublai Khan in the battle. After Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, he was appointed as the leader of Xue Siwei, in charge of Suwei. In the second year of Zheng Zheng (1265), Antong was appointed Prime Minister of Zhongshu Right. During his tenure as prime minister, Antong was deeply influenced by Confucianism, actively assisted Kublai Khan in promoting the Chinese law, and brought down Ahema in the power struggle. In the 12th year of Zheng Zheng (1275), he assisted Namu Khan, the king of Beiping, to leave Ali Muli Town to resist the attacks of the Chahetai and Wokuotai khanates. The following year, the Ministry will rebel, bind it up, and present it to Munger Timur, the golden tent khanate. Munger Timur turned to the sea of Wokuotai khanate. It was not released until the 21st year of Zheng Zheng (1284).
After his release, Antong gradually lost Kublai Khan's trust. In the 24th year of Zheng Zheng (1287), Kublai Khan established Shangshu province and air security, and soon dismissed from office. In the thirtieth year of Zheng Zheng (1293), Antong died. Yuan Chengzong Dade seven years, posthumous title Dongping loyal king.
six
Bai Zhu, 1298- 1323, a native of Zalar, Mongolia, was a politician in the Yuan Dynasty and the grandson of Antong, a famous minister in the early Yuan Dynasty. Zarar's family is a hereditary personal bodyguard of the royal family in the Yuan Dynasty, and it is particularly prestigious among Mongolian ministries.
1320 After Yuan Yingzong ascended the throne, he appointed Bai Zhu as the left prime minister to compete with the Queen Mother Ansai and the right prime minister Temuder, both of whom died soon. Yingzong and Baizhu initiated reforms, appointed a large number of Han Confucian scholars to serve in the DPRK, cut corvees and taxes, and implemented a unified system of big yuan.
In the third year of Zhi Zhi (1323), Yuan Yingzong began to investigate the corruption case in Temuder, which caused some Mongolian ministers' anxiety. The loss of the suggestion made it easy to launch the change of the south slope on the fifth day of August that year, assassinate Yuan Yingzong and worship him.
There was a son named Du Lin, who lived in worship and later surrendered to the Ming Dynasty. He took Bai as his surname and moved to Dali, Shaanxi, and his descendants took the local surname.
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Yangji, also known as Jia, and Jia Zhen, was born in the Yuan Dynasty and was a monk of Tibetan Buddhism.
Yang Lian Jia Zhen, a disciple of Tibetan monk Ba Siba, was favored by Kublai Khan. In the 22nd year of Yuan Dynasty (1285), he was the chief photographer of Jiangnan. Historically, Yang Lian Jia Zhen was good at robbing tombs. He once robbed 100 tombs of emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty and Hou Qing, and used the stolen funerary objects as funds for building temples. Among them, during the excavation of the Six Mausoleums in the Southern Song Dynasty, Song Lizong's body was well preserved, and he hung upside down on a tree for three days. As a result, mercury flowed out, and Li Zong's skull was given to the owner of the empire as a drinking vessel, which was a skull bowl. "Ming History" said: "I learned that I dug a tomb below Hui Zong, grabbed treasures, buried the emperor's remains, and built a pagoda on it in the Forbidden City in Hangzhou, famous for its south, to show my dislike of victory, and cut off Zong's skull as a drinking vessel."
Yang Lian Jia Zhen is a negative image in the official history, among which grave robbery is especially criticized. But official historians are so hostile to him that it is difficult to determine how credible this statement is. Why did Yang Lian really want to take actions that violated and stimulated the feelings of the Han people, deliberately and unnecessarily arousing the anger of the Han people in the south? This kind of unprovoked behavior is hard to make sense. It's incredible. Yang Lian's real achievements can only be inferred. He is a devout Buddhist, trying to improve the interests of his religion. Buddhism really prevailed in the south in his time. By 129 1, there are 2 13 148 monks and 423 18 temples in this country, at least partly because of his protection.
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Sanger (? -129 1 year), also translated as Sanger, Tibetan, Prime Minister of Yuan Dynasty. Born in Duomai (now Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province), he worked as an interpreter and is familiar with many languages. Recommended by Tibetan Buddhism Basiba, it was reused by Kublai Khan. In February of the 24th year of Zhiyuan (1287), Kublai Khan established Shangshu Province, appointed Sanger as Pingzhang politics, and in November of the same year, he was promoted to the right prime minister. As soon as Sangfufu came to power, he immediately ordered an inspection of Zhongshu Province, and found out that he owed 4770 ingots and lost 1 345 ingots, so he wrote to remove many officials from Zhongshu Province. Sanger is the first Tibetan official in the history of China to hold the important post of Prime Minister of the Central Dynasty.
After becoming prime minister, he will do his duty, appoint people on their merits and straighten out his finances. However, Sanger's series of behaviors violated the interests of Mongolian aristocrats and Han bureaucrats. In the 28th year of Zhiyuan (129 1), officials headed by Zhao Mengfu, a Han Chinese, wrote to impeach Sanger for "shielding his intelligence and disturbing political affairs", imprisoned him for "monopolizing goods" and persecuted him to death.
Sanger, like Ahema, the prime minister of the same period, was regarded as a corrupt official by traditional historians. For example, in Yuan Shi, Sanger was classified as a "traitor". Until later generations' evaluation of Sanger was no longer extreme. In fact, during Sanger's tenure, he mainly reformed the tax system and reorganized the finances. It was only in the early Yuan Dynasty that the Mongols were not convinced by the Han people, so that as long as the prime minister was semu, no matter what the evidence was, he would be regarded as greedy and tyrannical. It should be noted that Minister Ahema also suffered the same tragedy as Sanger because he was in charge of finance.
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Hao Jing (1223- 1275) was born in Lushan, Lingchuan County (now Shaanxi Province).
Born in troubled times at the end of Jin Dynasty, he fled to Lushan, Henan Province with his father and moved to Shuntianfu (now Baoding). "The family is poor, the meal is paid daily, and the study is dusk." Jia Fu, the left deputy governor of Shuntianfu, was hired as a tutor and librarian in other people's houses. "thousands of books in both houses, (Hao) did not enter Bo." Yuan Ruwen said, "It's quite natural, and it's rare to stand between heaven and earth." Hanlin Guan, Bachelor of Science, Ambassador Guo Xin. College students of Huang Feng Literature Museum.
In the first year of China's reunification (1260), Hanlin studied for a bachelor's degree and went to the Southern Song Dynasty to discuss peace. He was imprisoned by Jia Sidao in Zhou Zhen (now Yizheng, Jiangsu) for more than ten years, and "kept giving lectures" in prison until the 12th year of Yuan Dynasty (1275). Jia Sidao sent Duan Youli to send Hao back to the North. He died in July the following year. Shi Wenzhong monsoon palace. He is the author of Continued Han History, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Period, Biography of Zhouyi, Tai Chi Performance, Primitive Ancient Records, Yu Heng Zhenguan, Tongjian Calligraphy, Annotation of Sanzi, A King of Ya, A Traveler's Tale, Lingchuan Collection, etc. There are "Continued Han Shu" and "Lingchuan Collection". "Continued Han Shu" is included in Sikuquanshu, and Gan Long said in "Hao Jing (Four Continued Han Shu)": "Being detained as an envoy, the two countries coincide with the construction plan; I am willing to pay for writing a book with Lu Lian's unfulfilled ambition. " .
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Yuan Mingshan (1269-1332), whose real name was Fu Chu, was born in Qinghe, a politician in Yuan Dynasty. Ren anfeng and jiankang's academic integrity. After that, he served in the Privy Council. , moved to the Hanlin Shi system. He is the author of three volumes of "Dragon and Tiger Mountain Records".
1 1
Xiliang, whose name is Mingfu, is the grandson of Chu Cai, the prime minister in the early Yuan Dynasty, and the son of Zhu Zhi, the prime minister in Zhongshu. 1246 Xiliang was born in Helin. Xianzong Mengge once sent Yeluzhu to Beiping to check money and food, and Yeluzhu took his son with him. Lu Ye Xiliang studied under Zhao Yan in Beiping. At the age of nine, he was able to write poetry. At the turn of spring and summer, Xian Zongzhao Zhu returned to He Lin, hoping to stay in Peiping alone. 1258, Xianzong was stationed in Liupanshan and went to meet him in Lu Ye Xiliang. 1258, Xian Zongnan conquered Shu, and Yelv Bamboo and Yelv Xiliang were his companions. 1259, Xianzong collapsed in Shu, and the trench was transported to Shaanxi in the west. 1260, the ancestor Kublai Khan ascended the throne, and his brother Ali rebelled, rose up and seized the position of Khan. Sai-jo sent messengers to call Hunduhai, commander of Liupan Mountain garrison. Yeluzhu lobbied Hunduhai and others to enter Kublai Khan, but Hunduhai and others refused, so Yeluzhu went to Kublai Khan alone regardless of his wife and children. When Hunduhai learned that Yeluzhu had defected to Kublai Khan, he was furious and sent more than 100 cavalry to pursue him. Hunduhai also sent 100 people to monitor Lu Ye Xiliang mother and son, forcing them to follow suit, from Lingwu to English City and then to Xiliang Ganzhou. Later, Arandal and Hunduhai were killed by Kublai Khan's soldiers, and the defeated soldiers fled to the north. The rebel side elected Halabhua as a handsome man. Lu Ye Xiliang sneaked into Dongshatuo in Heishui, northern Ganzhou. Later, because his whereabouts were exposed, he was captured by the rebels and sent to Suzhou. However, because Halabhua is related to Yeluzhu, and because Halabhua was ill in Shu, Yeluzhu once called a doctor to see a doctor and sent wine and vegetables to Halabhua. Therefore, Halabhua said, "Your father is my benefactor, and now it is time to repay my kindness", so he released Xiliang. Xiliang and his brother traveled long distances and arrived in Beichuan, Shazhou a few days later. In the winter of the same year, heavy snow crossed the Tianshan Mountains and went to the North Hospital to protect the country. 126 1 year, to Changbali City. In summer, cross the Manas River and arrive at Yemili City. 1262 In May, Lu Ye Xiliang was driven away by Alibaba's soldiers and fled thousands of miles west to Bali. In June, I went to the west and went to Sun Zha instead of stabbing the city. Six hundred miles to the west, we arrived at Checherizela Mountain, where the queen and the trench lived, as well as Lu Ye Xiliang's mother and brother. Lu Ye Xiliang rode alone for more than two hundred miles, went out of Parr City, traveled hundreds of miles, and arrived in Yeli Qianli City, but there was no Halahua pursuer. Xiliang followed the two kings to Laban City, where he fought against Hala and wiped it out without spending a little time. Hara sent Kublai Khan without thinking. In October, it also arrived widely. In the fourth year of Yuan Dynasty (1267), Lu Ye Xiliang arrived in the lost city of Harry. In April, Ali Buge arrived again, and Lu Ye hoped to go to Hunba Holy City with the army. At that time, Xiliang's mother spent the summer in the holy mountain of Atiba. Sai-jo didn't send Hua to the Second Wangfu, but told him to bring a letter to Liang. In June, Lu Ye Xiliang went from Guxian County to Halafuzhou, out of Yizhou and involved in [[desert]. In August, I met my ancestors at Da 'an Pavilion in Shangdu. They gave me thousands of gold ingots, belts and coins, which made me lucky. In the eighth year of Zhiyuan (127 1 year), he was awarded the training doctor and Fu Baolang.
In the 12th year of Zhiyuan (1276), Kublai Khan of Yuan Shizu destroyed the Song Dynasty, and sai-jo ordered YeLvdashi to ask whether the generals of the Song Dynasty could conquer Japan. Xia Gui, Lu, Fan He, the generals of the Song Dynasty, all said that they could beat the Japanese. Liang protested: "The Song Dynasty fought Liao and Jin for 300 years, and now it is peaceful and the people need a rest. In a few years, in a few years, it is not too late to be a teacher again. " Sai-jo agreed.
In the 14th year of Yuan Dynasty (1279), Jia Yi was transferred to the position of doctor and minister of rites, and was soon promoted to the position of official minister. In the seventeenth year of Zhiyuan (1282), Lu Ye Xiliang resigned and returned to the field, living in seclusion in Zongyang for more than twenty years. Sophomore year (1309), Yuan Wuzong visited the old minister of the first dynasty, and Lu Ye Xiliang came back as a bachelor of Hanlin, and later served as a bachelor of Hanlin, bearing the imperial edict and studying national history. In the fourth year of Taiding (1327), Lu Ye Xiliang died at the age of 8 1 year.
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Xu Heng (1209 ~ 128 1 year), also known as Mr. Lu Zhai, was born in Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan), a meta-realist and educator.
When Xu Heng was sixteen, he made up his mind to study and devote himself to studying Confucian classics. 1232, the Mongols attacked Xinzheng, and Xu Heng was captured, but was later released. Six years later, he won the imperial examination, so he took teaching as his career and talked with the famous hermit Dou Mo at that time. 1242, Xu Heng received four books, notes on chapters and sentences, and primary school from Cheng Yi and Zhu, from which he taught his disciples. 1254, Kublai Khan appointed Fu Xuanbu, taking Xu Heng as Professor Jing Zhao. 1258 still lives in Hanoi. In the first year of reunification (1260), Yuan Shizu acceded to the throne and was called Xu Heng in the north. The next year, Guan invited him to drink, and soon resigned and went home. Three years after reunification, he returned to Korea, but he returned to his hometown due to illness in the first year of Yuan Dynasty (1264). Two years later, Kublai Khan called again and Xu Heng was ordered to go. In four years, he reported illness and was quickly recalled. Seven years, official book Zuo Cheng. Xu Heng illegally monopolized Ahema, but Sai-jo refused to listen and demanded dismissal. In the past eight years, Guan Jixian, a university student, and imperial academy offered wine and started Chinese studies. Xu Heng devoted himself to teaching, using primary school, Four Books, and other books as teaching materials, such as Direct Interpretation of the University, Direct Interpretation of the Doctrine of the Mean, A Brief History of the University, Encyclopedia of Chronicles, Notes on Ancient Thousand-character Works, etc. Ten years later, Xu Heng resigned and returned to Huaizhou. Thirteen years later, he was called to Dadu and was ordered to discuss the calendar with Wang Xun, Guo Shoujing and others. He returned to his hometown in seventeen years and died the following year.
His main achievement is to lay the foundation of Guo Zi Studies in Yuan Dynasty and develop Zhu Cheng's theory. So many people in Yuan Dynasty praised him as Zhu's successor. His works are included in Lu Zhai's suicide note.
13
Liu (1216-1274) was a politician in the Yuan Dynasty. A native of Xingtai, Hebei Province, became a monk in his early years and was recommended by Zen master Hai Yun to Kublai Khan, who had not yet acceded to the throne, and became his important counselor.
After Kublai Khan ascended the throne, Liu was appointed as Taibao, participated in the construction of Shangdu and Dadu, and worked out the service calendar together with Guo Shoujing.
Liu promoted many Han people, such as Xu Heng and Yao Shu, great scholars at that time. He also put forward the word "Yuan" in the Yuan Dynasty.
After his death, Wen Zhen was killed. This anthology is called "Tibetan Spring Collection" and has been circulated in five volumes today.
14
Ali Haig (1227—1286) is a Uighur. China was a military strategist and politician in the early Yuan Dynasty.
Ali Haig was clever and eloquent from an early age. Later, with the ancestor Kublai Khan. 1258, Kublai Khan attacked the Southern Song Dynasty. In the fifth year of Yuan Dynasty, he signed a contract with Henan to save trouble, and attacked Xiangyang with Marshal Asu to break Fancheng. Later, he and Prime Minister Bo Yan and Marshal Asu pulled out Shayang and Xincheng and captured Fuzhou, Hankou, Ezhou and Hanyang. In the 12th year of Zhiyuan, Ezhou Town captured Jiangling. In the thirteenth year of Zhiyuan, he took Hunan and entered Guangxi. At the beginning of 23 yuan, he served as the left prime minister of Huguanghang Province, and died in Shangdu in May. Later, he was made king of Chu.
His son suddenly lost his job in The Hague, went to Huguang and went to Zhongshu Province as prime minister.
15
Ananda, the grandson of Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu, was named King Anxi, ruled the land of the Tang Dynasty, believed in Islam, but also believed in Buddhism and Taoism, and was executed by Yuan Wuzong in the court battle.
16
Shi (1202-1275) was a military general in the early Yuan Dynasty. The word Runfu, born in Yongqing (now Yongqing, Hebei), is Shi's brother. After Ni Tian's death, he attacked as the commander-in-chief, recovered Zhending (now Zhengding, Hebei Province), defeated Wu Xian, the general of the rulers, and killed Peng Yibin, the general of the red army. 1224, waiting for the truth of 5,000 households. Later, he took part in the battle of breaking Cai around the side branch. Jin Wu, also participated in the war of the Song Dynasty. In the second year of reunification (126 1), Ren Zhongshu was the right prime minister and the earliest prime minister of Han Dynasty in Yuan Dynasty. In the same year, I followed Kublai Khan to levy Ali Buge. In three years, he led the army to suppress Li Chao's rebellion. Siege Jinan for four months and kill Li Chao after breaking the city. In the fourth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1267), he changed to prime minister in Zhongshu. Ten years, with ASU and others to break Fancheng. In eleven years, I went hand in hand from Xiangyang and cut the Song Dynasty on a large scale. As a commander in chief, I really died in the middle.