At first, ancient Zhu Jun wanted to make Shu Qi his successor. Later, ancient Zhu Jun died and Shu Qi gave way to his eldest brother Boyi.
Three thousand years ago, Qinhuangdao was an area under the jurisdiction of the solitary bamboo country. This ancient country was founded very early and experienced the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. At that time, its jurisdiction, according to archaeological data, generally included all the present Qinhuangdao City, the eastern part of Tangshan City and the southwestern part of Liaoning Province, and its capital was near the present lulong county. At that time, the economy and culture of this ancient country were relatively developed, and there were a large number of animal husbandry and agricultural products, which could be used to make wine with surplus grain. Judging from the naming of bamboo in this country, it is based on two kinds of stationery used for writing, which reflects that this country has a relatively high culture.
In the late Shang dynasty, there was a beautiful talk about separating the country. At that time, the monarch of Solitary Bamboo was the seventh monarch of Solitary Bamboo named Yahweh. The son's surname is Mo Tai, and he belongs to the same clan of Yin and Shang Dynasties. He has three sons, the eldest son's name is Gong Xin, and later posthumous title became Boyi. The second son Yaping became the eighth monarch of the solitary bamboo country. The youngest son is famous for his cleverness, that is, posthumous title was later called Shu Qi. Solitary bamboo gentleman intended to establish Shu Qi as his successor and inherit his career. Later, Gu Zhujun died. According to the usual ceremony at that time, the eldest son should be enthroned. But Bo Yi, who is honest and self-disciplined, said: "To respect his father's wishes before his death, Shu Qi should be the monarch." Everyone elected Shu Qi as the monarch, and Shu Qi said, "If I am the monarch, I am unjust to my brother and it is not in line with etiquette." Later, Boyi and Shu Qi both went into exile, left the lonely bamboo country and gave the throne to Yaping.
Throughout their life, Boyi and Shu Qi didn't achieve anything spectacular, but what they did fully showed that everything they did was for the life and long-term stability of a large group of people, without any selfish desires. Therefore, China will always miss them. Benevolence and morality are the place where everyone and every nation settle down and live, and are the real life of everyone and every nation. Therefore, when people in China comment on characters, they should first look at their moral cultivation. With this virtue, even if you have no great achievements in your life, you will still be remembered by people, such as Boyi Shu Qi, Taibo Zhong Yong, Ning Guan, Tao Yuanming, Lin Bu, Li Qingzhao, and even characters in novels and plays, such as Mulan and Liu Lanzhi. , are excellent choices for Chinese characters. Virtue is poor, and everything is selfish. Even if this person has great achievements, this person will always be despised by China people. For example, Qin Shihuang, Cao Cao and Sima Yi. Today, people often want to vindicate Cao Cao. I wonder how many people will want to usurp power and how much pain and chaos will be added to the world if Cao Cao is really taken as an example. Today, people only see one side of Cao Cao's achievements, saying that he can promote national unity. I don't know that all his achievements are for the self-interest of his family, in order to let Cao Cao's descendants finally ascend to the throne. Learning from Cao Cao will make future generations hide their personal ambitions with political achievements like Cao Cao, and will not hesitate to use the world to satisfy their own selfish desires. The long-term interests of a large group of people will suffer greatly in their long-term life. In view of this, the ancients in China chose people by virtue. Those who have virtue must learn, and those who have scholars must be talented.
Westerners don't know much about this. They only see that individuals can develop their careers, so they admire talents and emphasize personal ability. Although talented individuals can achieve a career, fame and fortune, but talent without moral foundation is a double-edged sword, which is likely to harm others and themselves in the end. Nowadays, people in China are blindly westernized, and talent selection criteria are also valued over morality. They think that virtue is irrelevant, and only when they have the ability can they make a career and contribute to society. I think career is the foundation of life, especially for men. Looking around the world, I don't know how many heroes make much ado about nothing for the so-called career, which adds a lot of waves to a calm and peaceful life. Morality is the biggest cause in the world. Who knows this?
Let's first look at "pushing the country". Boyi Shu Qi refused the other party because both of them thought that the other party was "having both ability and political integrity" and was the best candidate to be a monarch. Both of them focus on the country and people, not their own performance, which is a true view of China's traditional culture. Modern people often take personal utilitarianism as their code of action. When they see a vacant throne, they think it is a good opportunity, so they should seize it and realize their ideals. Life is about seizing opportunities. But when the opportunity comes, whether we must seize it or not, Chinese and western cultural traditions have different views.
China people believe that everything in the world has a "division of righteousness and benefit". Whether to do something at present depends first on how it affects others and large groups. If it benefits a large group of people and can benefit generation after generation, it can be done; Otherwise, don't do it. In modern terms, it focuses on social benefits and long-term effects. Large groups benefit from it, and personal interests are at ease. Uncle Boyi's move is precisely this intention. So, that's how China people "give in". Needless to say, let people with virtue stand out and really let a large group of people have long-term stability.
Western culture values individuals. When a person's will is stretched, he will feel carefree. But people are social, and no one can live alone. No one can live without a big group, a country and a society. Under the cover of the nest, there are no eggs. It is natural to emphasize that individuals will think that competition is a necessary means. Everyone has not given in, and everything has not given in, so social life must be more contradictory, noisy, divided, unharmonious, quiet and intolerant. So, where does personal happiness come from?
China's traditional culture emphasizes modesty and concession, which shows the disadvantages of "contention". If Boyi and Shu Qi compete for the throne like human beings now, they may be able to display their ambitions, express their ideals, govern the country and benefit the people. Staying in one place at a time is not a bad thing. However, future generations may follow this example and compete when they have the opportunity, even by hook or by crook. In the long run, it will be duplicity, hypocrisy and moral corruption. Clever words make the color bright. As a result of competition, those who are unkind and unjust often occupy high positions, while those who are kind and capable are excluded and never have the opportunity to serve the people. In this way, people will suffer. The ancients did not take it for granted to exchange the benefits of one place at a time and the disadvantages of generations. Being able to compromise and stress moral cultivation is the great interest of a large group of people for generations. Therefore, the ancients praised Bo Yi and Shu Qi.
Direct remonstration, and then look at knocking the horse to remonstrate. It also embodies the idea that Boyi and Shu Qi take the happiness of a large group of people from generation to generation as the starting point. Of course, there was nothing Zhou Wang could do, and the world was trapped for a long time. King Wu's attack is indeed a just move to save the people from fire and water. But attacking the monarch with a minister is a special case. You are kind and respectful, which is the right way of long-term and stable interpersonal relationship. Uncle Boyi admonished the horse to tell King Wu what is the right way for long-term stability. Its concern for the happiness of a large group of people from generation to generation is obvious. Because of this, Confucius praised them as ancient benevolent people. Benevolent people are also human beings. The benevolent loves others. Monarch, monarch, minister, father, son, son, these ethical norms are indeed the basic requirements to ensure long-term social stability, harmony and tranquility. You don't do your duty, I don't do my duty, parents don't teach their children righteousness, and their children don't know what filial piety is. Therefore, how can society talk about stability and beauty, and how can there be happiness! Today's people only see the justice of the attack week, but not its short-term and negative effects. When the ancients in China discussed the world, they should first consider its long-term influence on the long-term stability of a large group of people's lives, and never confine themselves to one place.
In order to escape the cruelty of Shang Zhouwang and Boyi Shu Qi, they lived in Beihai and lived with Dongyi people. Hearing the rise of Zhou Wenwang, a rich man in the west, the country is stable and the production is developing rapidly. They said happily, "It's time to go back from Dongyi. We have heard that the Xibe country is very stable and suitable for providing for the elderly. " So they made an appointment to go to Zhou State. However, on the way, I met Zhou Wuwang's army. Zhou Wenwang was already dead at this time, and Zhou Wuwang drove Woodenhead of Zhou Wenwang to Shangzhou. Disappointed, they kowtowed to the horse and said, "Is it filial piety for my father not to be buried?" Can it be regarded as benevolence to crusade against the monarch as a courtier? "featuring the guards tried to kill them. Jiang Shang, a military adviser, advised them, "This is a loyal man. Do not kill them. "So I helped them go. Later, Zhou Wuwang and Shang Zhouwang fought in Konoha, with rivers of blood. Due to the mutiny of slave soldiers in front of Shang Zhouwang, Zhou Wuwang won a decisive victory, wiped out the Shang Dynasty and established a new dynasty, namely the Zhou Dynasty in BC 1046. Boyi Shu Qi thought it was shameful and vowed never to eat food from the Zhou Dynasty again. But all the places at that time belonged to the Zhou Dynasty. They went to shouyangshan to pick up EU food. When picking Wei Cai, they sang and said, "Go to Xishan and pick Wei Cai here. I really don't understand whether it is right to change the situation of * * by that means. The first emperor Shennong, Yu Xia! I'm afraid it won't be so prosperous. Where are we going? What a pity! My life is coming to an end "
Starved to death, so I starved to death on shouyangshan. Their behavior of releasing the country, not eating Zhou Su and martyrdom was highly praised by Confucianism. Zi Gong asked Confucius, "Who is Boyi Shu Qi?" Confucius said, "The ancient sages are also sages." He asked again, "Don't they regret what they did?" Confucius said, "They are benevolent and have nothing to regret." Later, he added, "Qi Jinggong has a thousand horses. On the day he died, the people were said to have no virtue. Boyi Shu Qi is hungry under Shouyang, and the people call it that now, that's what it's called. " It turns out that Boyi Shu Qi's behavior is in line with Confucian values.
Boyi Shu Qi's grave is a cemetery about 7 feet high and over 10 feet in diameter, surrounded by towering Gu Song and lush green plants. There is a tall stone tablet in front of the tomb, on which Zuo Wenxiang inscribed "The Immortal Teacher" and "The Tomb of Merchant Yimin Boyi Shu Qi". On both sides, there are couplets carved by Wang Lin, a famous calligrapher in Longxi: "All kinds of fish are tasted in the mountains; Two piles of loess are higher than the sun, moon and stars, and the banner says "the mountain rises to the top" Behind the cemetery is the "Qing Palace" of Boyi and Shu Qi. According to the inscription, this temple was built in Zhenguan period of Tang Dynasty and was restored after it collapsed. The last restoration was in the 13th year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (AD 1874). On the left side of the inner wall of the shrine, there is the inscription "Preface to shouyangshan" inscribed by Fan Bingcheng in Guangxu period of Qing Dynasty, and on the right side, there is the inscription "Rebuilding Qingshengxiang Hall" inscribed by the modern tomb. After the front hall was demolished, the wing of the main hall remained. Under the veranda, the original tablet "Debate on shouyangshan-Qing Temple" left by the capital of Shaanxi and Gansu in Qing Dynasty, and the poem "Shouyang Nostalgia" written by General Fan Shaoru, the left governor, exist.
At the beginning of the recording, Zhu Jun wanted to take his third son, Shu Qi, as his heir. When his father died, Shu Qi gave way to Boyi. Boyi thought he ran away against his father's orders, but Shu Qi refused to stand and ran away. Later, I heard that West Wavelength took good care of the elderly and went home. But Xibo died, and the king of Wu set out to attack Zhou. The two men knocked on the horse and said, "Is it filial piety for my father to die and not be buried?" Is it kind to kill the king with a minister? King Wu's men tried to use force, but Jiang Taigong stopped them, saying, "This righteous man is also good" and helped them go. Later, after the King of Wu negotiated with the Shang Dynasty, the world was ruled by the Zhou Dynasty, while Boyi and Shu were ashamed to eat, and fled to shouyangshan to eat wild vegetables and starve to death, making Song of Picking Wei. He starved to death in shouyangshan.
Sima Qian, who commented on Taishigong in the Western Han Dynasty, once said: "In the end, it is the pursuit of justice; Let the country starve to death and the world will call it. "
Confucius said, "Boyi and Shu Qi don't forget the old evils, but hope to hate them. What is there to complain about? " In the Analects of Confucius, besides the two sages of He Tang, the most respected one is Bo Yihe. We should know that Kong always uses the word "benevolence" carefully. He rarely said that his friends or disciples were benevolent, but he did not hesitate to comment: "The ancient sages also sought benevolence." This shows the position of these two people in the master's heart.
The song "Picking Wei Song" sung by Boyi and Shu Qi before they starved to death was very touching. After a thousand years, I seem to hear with my own ears: "Climb the Western Hills to pick her Wei." Violence is easy to be violent, and I don't know what it is. Shennong, Yu and Xia suddenly lost their minds, and I feel comfortable? I'm embarrassed and my life is dying. "Tai Shigong then commented:" From this perspective, complaining is not evil? " This is followed by Confucius's "seeking benevolence, why complain?" "It can be seen that Tai Shigong does not fully agree with Confucius' statement, and Boyi and Shu Qi probably have grievances; But this kind of complaint is not for one's own interests, but for the disillusionment of ideals, which is in line with the poetry teaching of "mourning without hurting, complaining without anger" What's the harm of such complaints, even a little more?
Under the historical conditions at that time, it was commendable that Boyi and Shu Qi brothers did not give up the throne. Therefore, the virtues of Boyi and Shu Qi have been widely praised since ancient times and have had a positive impact on the formation of modest national traditions. The noble national integrity embodied in them is always worth inheriting and carrying forward.