Shoujiataimen is the residence of Mr. Shou Jingwu, Lu Xun’s private school teacher. Shou Jingwu (1849-1930), named Huaijian and courtesy name Jingwu, was a learned scholar. He had good conduct and upright character. He hated fame all his life. He stopped taking exams after he passed the examination to become a scholar. He devoted his life to teaching apprentices. Lu Xun praised him as "the most upright, simple and knowledgeable man in this city". The Shoujiatai Gate was purchased by Shou Jingwu's grandfather Fenglan Gong during the Jiaqing period. It has a total construction area of ??795 square meters. It faces a small river in the front and is connected by a stone bridge. There is a bamboo garden in the west. The whole building is across the river from the Zhou family's old Taimen. Facing each other, the famous Sanwei Bookstore at home and abroad is located in the east wing of Shoujiatai Gate.
The first entrance is the Taimen Dou. There is a "Wenkui" plaque hanging above the hidden door. This plaque was hung for Changshou Zizhi, the brother of Lu Xun's private school teacher Shou Jingwu. In 1876, he was a candidate for the imperial examination in Bingzi. This plaque is used to shine on the lintel and indicates that the Shou family once held a civil examination and was a scholarly family.
On the west side of the first entrance door, across the patio, there is a small square bamboo garden. We now decorate the north wing of the bamboo garden as "Sanyu Bookstore", and "Sanyu Bookstore" is the "Sanwei Bookstore". The original name of "Sanyu Bookstore", "Sanyu Bookstore" is modeled after "Sanwei Bookstore". Visitors can sit in this simulated bookstore, experience private school life, or take photos.
The second entrance is called the lobby, which is the gathering place for ancestors' death anniversaries, weddings and weddings, and the arrival of distinguished guests. There is a plaque of "Sirentang" hanging on the forehead. A couplet carved on a light green wooden board hangs on the pillar of the hall, which goes: "Taste the mountains and mountains of Mount Tai, and the flowing water in your mind flows through the clouds." Hanging on the golden pillar at the back is a pair of praises for Lu Xun's private school teacher Shou Jingwu's virtues and speeches: "The morality and righteousness are reflected in the character, and the admonitions are virtuous and the mulberry family is cultivated."
Going through the patio, that is, the first Enter the third building - the first floor. Here are the original displays in front of the chapel, the study room and Mr. Shou Jingwu's bedroom.
The front of the chapel is a place used to receive relatives and friends. There is a plaque "Revisiting Panshui" hanging on the retreat screen. This plaque is the 60th year of Shouchengwu's scholar (entering Pan), that is, the year before his death in 1928, his nephew Shou Xiaotian sent congratulations. Lu Xun was full of sincere love and respect for Mr. Shou Jingwu. After leaving Shaoxing, he continued to exchange letters with Mr. Shou Jingwu. In 1906, Lu Xun returned to Shaoxing and visited this teacher again, telling him what he had seen and heard outside. Mr. Shou Jingwu received him here at that time.
Mr. Shou Jingwu's study room is a typical study room layout of a private school teacher's home. It is equipped with special bookcases for "Twenty-Four Histories", ordinary bookcases, study utensils, etc. There is a plaque of "Sanyu Zhai" hanging on the forehead beam in the room. The meaning of "Sanyu" is taken from Pei Song's annotation in "Three Kingdoms", which is what Dong Yu said, "In order to learn, you should take more than three years. Winter means the rest of the year, and night means the day. "The clouds and rains will be sunny." This means that people should use all their spare time to study hard.
In Mr. Shou Jingwu’s bedroom, there are canopy beds, wardrobes, chests, wooden recliners, clothes hangers, wash racks and other items. Because Mr. Shou Jingwu was very strict in teaching, he only accepted eight students every year. He thought that he would not be able to teach more students, so his teaching income was very limited. Therefore, the bedroom furnishings we see now exceed what Mr. Shou Jingwu actually had at that time. Living conditions, in fact, he lived a more frugal and poor life.
Going east from the third entrance is the east wing of Shoujiatai Gate, which is divided into two parts, the south and the north. The south wing now displays an introduction to the ancient history of education in the historical and cultural city of Shaoxing, which is divided into three parts: "Yue Zhong County School, Yue Zhong Academy and Yue Middle School". The wing to the north is Mr. Lu Xun's reading place - Sanwei Bookstore.
Speaking of Mr. Lu Xun, I will think of my ancestors, my grandmother’s great-uncle, Mr. Shou Jingwu who opened the “Sanwei Bookstore”—Mr. Lu Xun’s first teacher.
Sanwei Bookstore was a famous private school in Shaoxing at that time. Mr. Lu Xun studied here in his childhood. Generally speaking, the explanation of "Sanwei Bookstore" is to use three flavors to vividly describe the taste of reading ancient books such as "Poems", "Books", and various schools of thought. Mr. Sun Shouyu of Mr. Shou Jingwu wrote in his book The article said this: "I have heard the meaning of Sanwei Bookstore explained from my grandfather Shou Jingwu more than once.
My grandfather’s explanation of the meaning of ‘Sanwei Bookstore’ is ‘common clothes are warm, vegetables are fragrant, and poems and books are full of flavor’. "Mr. Shou Jingwu said: "'Buyi' means common people, 'Buyi Nuan' means being willing to be a common people and not becoming an official or a master; 'Caiganxiang' means being content with a simple meal and not envying or yearning for the enjoyment of delicacies from mountains and seas; "Poems and books have a long taste" means to seriously understand the profound contents of poems and books, thereby gaining a profound taste. "It is said that this was drawn up by Shou Yunqiao, Mr. Shou Jingwu's father, for his descendants to seriously understand and practice it.
Mr. Shou Jingwu faithfully abides by his father's instructions, is determined not to be an official, and opposes peace and harmony. He forbade his son to become an official. He did not allow his younger son to take the exam, and even locked him upstairs and had every meal delivered to him. As a result, his younger son was tied to the window with a rope and let down. , escaped from the building, and finally went to Beijing to get the first place in the imperial examination and became the magistrate of Nong'an County, Jilin Province. Mr. Shou Jingwu scolded him for being unfilial for a long time. In the land of plenty, if a scholar's family has a small fortune, it will not be difficult for him to get through and he will have to become an official. Coupled with the political chaos of the Qing Dynasty, Mr. Shou deeply hated the corruption in the officialdom in the late Qing Dynasty. He believed that in troubled times, he should not become an official, even if he did. Being an official is also an official. At that time, such an attitude of retreating from the world and not conforming to the current situation was valuable. The naming of "Sanwei Bookstore" can clearly show the integrity and kindness of the old man to his students, who later became. Mr. Lu Xun, the anti-feudal warrior, probably has no influence!
[Edit this paragraph] What is "three flavors"
1. The ancients had two opinions: one is A metaphor for the experience of reading is said by the predecessors, "Reading the classics tastes like rice, reading history tastes like delicious food, reading hundreds of scholars tastes like glutinous rice," the three experiences are collectively called "three flavors"; the second is "three flavors" From Li Shu's "Handan Bibliography" of the Song Dynasty: "The taste of Tai Geng in poetry and books is called Zhezu in history, and it is called Xiong in Zi, which is the three flavors. "This is a comparison of books such as poems, books and histories to delicacies and good spiritual food. Thirdly, Mr. Shou Jingwu's ancestral motto: Warm cloth, fragrant vegetable roots, and long-lasting enjoyment of reading. Later it became the owner of Sanwei Bookstore
2. On the pillars of the "Sanwei Bookstore" where Lu Xun studied, there are a couplets with a message: "The most joyful thing is silence, only filial piety, the taste of soup is poetry." It can be seen that "Sanwei Bookstore" "Three flavors" should be used with this meaning. The third is to borrow Buddhist language. "Three flavors" is "samadhi", which is the transliteration of Sanskrit samadhi. It originally refers to the three realms of reciting Buddhist scriptures and comprehending their meanings: one is "concentration". ", the second is "right feeling", and the third is "equal holding", which means that before chanting sutras, one must stop distracting thoughts and achieve a calm and focused mind; one must have a correct attitude when comprehending the meaning of sutras, with all kinds of respectful piety; during the learning process, one must Concentrate and maintain a consistent spirit. With the integration of Buddhist thought and Han nationality culture, "Samadhi" has gradually been extended to a summary of the essential spiritual meaning of things. There are expressions such as "Samadhi within" and "Getting its Samadhi". It is a metaphor for the accuracy and depth of knowledge.
3. Sanwei Bookstore: It was a famous private school in Shaoxing in the late Qing Dynasty. Lu Xun studied here when he was 12 years old. The teacher was Mr. Shou Jingwu. The small flower hall was originally the study room of the Shou family. Mr. Shou Jingwu taught here for sixty years. The flavor of "Sanwei Bookstore": Mr. Lu Xun wrote in his famous prose "From Baicao Garden to Sanwei Bookstore". The "Sanwei Bookstore" mentioned in it is located near Mr. Lu Xun's former residence in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. It is the place where Mr. Lu Xun studied when he was a boy. So, why is it called "Sanwei Bookstore"? It turns out that "Sanwei" comes from "reading scriptures tastes like rice". Liang, "reading history tastes like delicious food; reading hundreds of schools of thought tastes like glutinous rice". The general idea is: reading the Four Books and Five Classics tastes like eating rice and noodles, which is food. Reading historical records tastes like drinking fine wine and eating delicacies; reading books from various schools of thought tastes like soy sauce and vinegar (like the condiments in cooking). The horizontal plaque of "Sanwei Bookstore" dates from the Qianjia period of the Qing Dynasty. It was written by the famous calligrapher Liang Shanzhou. At that time, there was a woodcut couplet hanging on both sides of the plaque: "The best is silence and filial piety, and the taste of soup is reading." ”
4. Some people say that “Three Flavors” comes from “Li Shu Bibliography”.
Li Shu said: "The poems and books are Taigen, the history is Zazu, and the disciples are glutinous rice. These are the three flavors of the book." Shouyu also disagreed with this.
5. Shouyu’s uncle Shou Zhulin explained: “Three flavors are used to vividly describe the taste of reading ancient books such as poems and books. When I was young, I listened to my father and brother and read scriptures. The taste is like rice grains, the taste of reading history is like delicious food, and the taste of reading hundreds of scholars is like glutinous rice. But it is difficult to find where this classic comes from." This theory has great influence, and Lu Xun's third brother Zhou Jianren also favors it. However, Shouyu still disagreed. He said: "Such an explanation downplays the rebellious spirit of our ancestors against the Qing Dynasty. When I was a child, my grandfather Shou Jingwu personally told me that the three flavors refer to the warmth of cloth, the fragrance of vegetable roots, and the long taste of poetry and books. Buyi refers to Ordinary people, "Bu Yi Nuan" means being willing to be ordinary people instead of becoming officials and lords; "Cai Genxiang" means being satisfied with simple meals and not yearning for the enjoyment of delicacies; "Poems and books have a long taste" means carefully understanding the profound contents of poems and books, so as to Gain a profound taste. This first point of "Buyi Nuan" is very important. This is the core of the thinking of my ancestors Fenglan Gong and Yunqiao Gong. The failure of the industry made them see clearly the corrupt nature of the Qing Dynasty. They believed that it was harming the country and the people. In the Qing Dynasty, being an official was to be a harbinger of evil and harm to others and oneself. Therefore, the direction of Sanwei Bookstore was also used as a life guide for the descendants. They did not allow their descendants to take the exam to become officials. They were willing to live in the warmth of common clothes, the fragrance of vegetables and the taste of poetry and books. Taste." Shouyu said that Shou Jingwu once said to him during his lifetime: "The meaning of these three flavors cannot be told to outsiders, nor can it be written down. This is a family rule set by our ancestor Yun Qiao, because the spirit of 'three flavors' has obvious characteristics. Anti-Qing tendencies may lead to death once word spreads." This is also the main reason why people made many subjective assumptions later.