1 Learn the usage of common notional words and function words, such as Gu, Shao, Jia, Qu and Gui.
2. Learn the general rules of the phenomenon of parts of speech (nouns as adverbials) in classical Chinese.
3. Understand the author's thoughts and feelings, and experience the author's feelings for relatives and family changes.
4. Analyze the general characteristics of Gui Youguang's prose.
Teaching emphasis: understanding the author's thoughts and feelings.
Teaching Difficulties: Characteristics of Gui Youguang's Prose
Teaching hours: 3 hours.
Teaching methods: the third reading of classical Chinese teaching.
first kind
Objective: Solve the problem, introduce the author, read the text and explain the first paragraph.
Teaching process:
First, teaching lead-in:
This lesson is an excellent prose with strong lyricism. The author euphemistically and profoundly expressed the feelings of "happiness" and "sadness" in the narrative of the scenery.
2. Introduce the author:
Gui Youguang (1507~ 157 1 year), a famous essayist, was born in Kunshan in the Ming Dynasty. The author studied hard since childhood and was able to write at the age of 9. At the age of 20, I studied the Five Classics (Book of Changes, Book of Rites, Spring and Autumn) and the Three Histories (Historical Records, Han Shu, and later Han Shu, together with the Three Kingdoms, called the "Four Histories"), but the exam was unfavorable. At the age of 35, I was selected and ranked the last eight. He didn't become a county magistrate until he was 60. Because he was an honest official, he didn't go along with the superior officials and local gentry. Three years later, Ming Sheng was demoted to Shunde and was in charge of Ma Zheng, which was quite wronged. Later, he was sponsored by Gao Gong, a university student, as the Cheng of Taibu Temple in Nanjing, and stayed in the pavilion to make a record of Sejong. He died after a year in office. In literature, the author has a long career, but he is well-read and accomplished in prose creation. He was an outstanding essayist in Ming Dynasty. His prose originated from Historical Records, borrowed from eight masters in Tang and Song Dynasties, with simple style and sincere feelings, which contradicted the theory that "literature must be in Qin and Han Dynasties" at that time, and only sought the fashion of seemingly formalism. Gui Youguang, Wang Tianzhong, Tang Shunzhi and Mao Kun are also called "Tang and Song Schools". His prose is concise, natural and sincere, and he is good at spiritual taste, especially at pinning his true feelings on family trifles. Ji Xiang Xuan, A Brief Account of the Past and Cold Flowers Burial Record are the representatives. His works had a great influence on Tongcheng School prose in Qing Dynasty. The story of Mount Tai (Yao Nai) in this unit has many similarities with this article.
3. Problem solving: Ji Xiang, a place name, is the place where the author's ninth ancestor returned to Daolong; Xuan, a small house, the author named his study "Jixiang Xuan", which means to pursue the distance; Chi, Ji also, an ancient style of describing things and expressing feelings.
4. Listen and read the correct pronunciation and sentences:
1. The following phonetic notation is correct:
A percolation (Lu Shen) column rafters (shun) Wu (sit repair (qi)
B mottled (Bo) different (Yi) old woman (Yu) your sister (Zi)
C. He Men trombone (Hao) maid (Bi) female.
D Middle (right) (ancient) door leaf (flying) elephant (Hu)
Sentence-breaking exercise: judge whether the following sentences are accurate or not.
1. It's past noon/faint. 2. Miscellaneous/Planting Bamboo in Gui Lan/Jade Pavilion
3. chicken/living in the hall 4. My family/reading has been ineffective for a long time.
5. This/my ancestor Tai Changgong/Liu Bei holds this position.
6. Storytelling/Little Girl's Words 7. However/since/after/beyond the outside.
Correct: 1.3.5.7
Verb (abbreviation of verb) explains the first paragraph.
1. What's the meaning of the sentence "Ji Xiangxuan, Zi Ye, the elder brother of the South"?
Answer: A judgment sentence is used to judge what the subject refers to, what attributes it has or what scope it belongs to. In translation, "yes" can be translated, and the relevant content must be used as a predicate. For example, "everything in the palace is one", "Fu Su is the son" and "This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower". The words to express judgment are: ① Yes, use the sentence pattern of "..., ... also", such as "Nanyang Liu Ziji, high appreciation of stone also"; (2) It is expressed by harmony, and its sentence pattern is harmony, such as Chen Shengsheng and Yangcheng people; (3) it is expressed by "zhe", and the sentence pattern is "zhe, zhe", such as "Chen is a lobbyist"; (4) Use words such as "yes, yes, action, that is, then, no, yes, must, sincerity, integrity, and foundation", such as "Ask what is going on in this world, and I wonder if there is Korea"; ⑤ Use the combination of subject and object directly, without signs, such as The Book of the Seven Cardinal Classes and Four Stores.
2. What is the meaning of the word "abbot" in "Only the abbot in sexual intercourse"?
Answer: "abbot" means abbot, which means flat abbot. This word is also used to refer to the room hosted by a Buddhist temple or Taoist temple, and refers to the abbot of a temple.
3. Are the directional words "up", "down" and "south" used the same?
Answer: "Shang" and "Xia" are nouns as adverbials, meaning "from Shang" and "from Xia"; And "nan" is still a noun as an attribute.
4. Point out the usage of the following words in each sentence.
(1) Take A as the southern sky, and B as the solid country, not the risk of a mountain stream.
Minister c is also a person who bites people uninvited and has no royal family.
(2) Victory over the rafters of the old pillars, and then victory over the view of Baling.
C, how can you win? D, I can't quit because I'm too embarrassed.
The number of winners and losers, or not easy to measure.
(3) In the old days, A also pecked when he defeated B..
C Qin Shihuang traveled with Minister D to eat it and sometimes offered it.
5. What is the cultural common sense of "five nights in March, half of the moon, mottled laurel shadows"?
A: 35 means 15. When the ancients remembered time, they often used the product of two numbers to represent the appropriate number. Another example is "28 years old", which means 16 years old. "Guiying" refers to the shadow of the moon, which is a myth and legend. There are osmanthus trees in the middle of the month, so it is called the month of Guangxi generation.
6. Read this paragraph aloud and translate it while reading.
Seven. Analysis and blackboard writing
Second teaching time
Teaching objectives: the second and third paragraphs
Teaching process:
I. Paragraph 2:
1. How to understand "Ran" and "Ju" in Ran Yu lives here?
A: of course, but the table has turned; The usage of "ju" is used as a verb, and its other uses are:
(1) on the 10th day of the first month, Bian Que watched Huan Hou walk in the temple, and worried about his people.
(3) abiding by the law for officials; (4) The two must be one of them.
⑤ Raise its value, it is a strange commodity. Let a woman live on it and float in the river.
Meaning: ① After passing, ② is present at ③, and let ④ occupy ⑤ save ⑤ sit.
2. What role does this paragraph play in the text?
A: it plays an excessive role in connecting the preceding with the following; "How gratifying" turned the scene into a painting, and "How sad" pointed to the rise and fall of personnel.
Two. Analysis of the third paragraph
(A) the first layer of analysis
1. Explanation:
① First: that is, "first", before this.
② ...... Become one: become a whole, and "one" as a noun is a numeral.
(3) Usage of "He":
A wall is often a banquet for the best guests.
C croaked and cried, and D was silent.
E is a place, but my mother lives in this F.
Interpretation: A modifies conjunctions, "De" B modifies conjunctions C, D modifies conjunctions E "Er" and F modifies conjunctions.
④ East dog is called West: West, and nouns are adverbial, West.
2. What is the sentence pattern of "the chicken lives in the palace"?
The adverbial post-sentence "Habitat" is pronounced as "the same period", staying and staying.
3. What is written on this floor? What kind of emotional tone did you show?
A: After drinking with my father, the backyard changed again and again, and my family declined, showing a "sad" word.
(B) the second layer of analysis
1. I: old woman.
2. Milk 2: Milk, nouns as verbs, feeding.
3. Usage of "thick":
(1) the first pen is very thick; ② The accumulation of water is not thick.
All wise, loyal, generous and loving people were buried later.
Meaning: ① kindness, ② profundity, ③ loyalty and ④ generosity.
4. The usage of "first":
(1) Strive for the first place; (2) Break the Qin Dynasty and become the king in Xianyang.
(3) worry about the world first; (4) try it first.
⑤ Go to Delong first and look forward to it.
Meaning: ① the predecessor who died before.
5. The usage of "suo";
Somewhere, my mother is here; I want to eat fish.
(3) If they are all captured, (4) Therefore, they are patient.
Meaning: ① Things in the place ② ...
6. Analysis: Try to summarize the main contents of this layer.
A: This simple story indirectly recalls the past and expresses the memory of my mother.
(C) the third layer of analysis
1. Bundle hair: Ancient men tied their hair at the age of fifteen, indicating maturity.
2. Usage of "Guo":
(1) mother is too much; It's not my fault.
(3) Crossing the old village (4) is worse than it.
You can change what you have lived, but you can't get better. You can pass the porch.
Meaning: ① Visit, ② Neglect, ③ Visit, ④ Surpass, ⑤ Make mistakes, ⑤ Pass by.
3. Usage of "If"
Long time no see, there seems to be light.
(3) silence; (4) If a husband takes advantage of heaven and earth.
(5) If you don't think about it, the young man won't think about it.
Meaning: ① You are like ③ ... ④ As for ⑤, you are comparable.
4. Usage of "Effect"
My family's long-term study effect is not good. May your majesty entrust me with the effect of bringing back the dead.
(3) The effect of using troops is also (4) the effect of the East.
Significance: ① Success ② Task ③ Effect ④ Imitation
5. Usage of "when":
(1) One day you should use it (2) as Southern Day.
(3) Mulan Jiazhi (4) Stay away today.
Even if one person guards it, ten thousand people can't force it.
All landowners should walk but not ride; Compared with Qin, it is not easy to measure.
Meaning: ① affirmation, ② "blocking", ③ facing ④, ④ guarding ⑧ ⑧ ⑧ if.
6. Analysis: What is written on this layer? What kind of feelings does it show the author?
A: I wrote that I didn't meet my talent, which showed my thoughts and feelings of being ashamed of the people I love.
Reading paragraphs refers to translating difficult sentences and summarizing them on the blackboard. (omitted)
The third teaching time
Teaching goal: analyze the last three paragraphs and summarize them.
Teaching process:
I. Analysis of paragraph 4:
1. Usage of "Gu":
(1) Dong Xuan's taste is the kitchen; (2) Public questioning is the reason.
(3) review the past and learn the new; (4) People who leave Xiyangguan for no reason.
People won't accept it in such a far place, so this thing is not cultivated by the West from Wende.
It's too late to lose five horses in three days.
Meaning: ① Former reasons ③ Long-standing friendship ⑤ So the original ⑤ still, still.
2. Usage of "almost"
(1) There is a protector of God; (2) Know yourself and know yourself.
Thinking without learning is almost lost.
Meaning: ① Probably ② Dangerous ③ Lazy ④ Almost, almost.
3. Analysis: Try to summarize the content of this paragraph.
A: This paragraph describes the past when I studied hard behind closed doors and was not burned by four fires.
Two. Analyze the last two paragraphs.
1. Usage of "Wei":
① More than that, ② The court began to hedge.
(3) I got Dong Xuan from the outside board (4), so I tasted it as a kitchen.
⑤ Being robbed by the power accumulated by the Qin people ⑤ Stealing for the king.
7. Pay attention to the foot soldiers every day, and listen to them in order to defeat Pei Gong's army.
Pet-name ruby today is a knife, and I'm a fish. Why should I say that I am rich and heartless?
① Write, do, do, and do as a sign that ⑧ is considered to replace ⑨ prepositional object; Attend?
2. What cultural common sense does "the wife's maternity, what to tell the younger sisters" contain?
Answer: Mothering refers to married women going back to their parents' homes to visit relatives.
3. The usage of "book":
One person attached a book, and two people died of a new book. The book must be borrowed and cannot be read.
(3) Twelve volumes of military books, including the fish belly book named (4).
⑤ It is Danshu Temple that writes "Chen Wangsheng". Those who write to me to advise me will be rewarded.
⑦ Or according to several books, ⑧ said: "Full loss, modest benefit."
Meaning: ① Letters ② Books ③ Documents ④ Notes ⑤ Writing ⑧ Memorial ⑧ Calligraphy ⑧ Shangshu.
4. Is the usage of "boredom" in Yu Jiu Sick and Bored the same as that in modern Chinese?
A: The same. What it means here is no spiritual sustenance. Modern Chinese also refers to being bored because of bad spirits.
5. Usage of "system":
① Increase its old system ② Its system is slightly different from before.
(3) Its teeth are skillfully made; (4) It was made by Liuhe.
⑤ adjust measures to local conditions
Meaning: ① Scale ② Style ③ Structure ④ Control ⑤ Formula
6. How long is the writing time between the text and the postscript?
A: About 16 or 17 years. At the age of 35, he left Xiangjixuan and settled in Jiading. Wei died at the age of 29, so Wen's age should be 18,35-18 =17.
7. What is the function of the last sentence in the article?
A: The author recalls the scene of his wife planting loquat herself, thinking about people when she sees things, and expressing her infinite melancholy.
3. Read the attachment together and analyze the blackboard writing:
Center: Taking Xiang as a clue, the author recalled many gratifying and sad things, wrote his cordial feelings for this century-old house, and also wrote his deep nostalgia for his loved ones, and also expressed his anxiety and anger at his failed achievements.
5. Writing characteristics: simple style, sincere feelings, tortuous narrative, natural and moving.
1. The scenery description is poetic (the first paragraph)
2. The details are real and touching (the conversation between the old woman and me)
3. The combination of parallel prose and prose has received a good lyric effect (such as sentences describing scenery).
Intransitive verbs homework
1. Read the text.
2. Summarize flexible words, special sentence patterns and interchangeable words.
3. Complete the exercise with more than one word.