"Tianya" is a poem written by Li Shangyin, a poet of the Tang Dynasty. The author of this poem has fallen to the end of the world, and it is the end of spring and the sunset. People have feelings but birds have no intention. When spring hurts, he hurts his own life. The first sentence is a straightforward narration, containing extremely deep and sad feelings; the second sentence uses the "thimble" pattern, repeating the word "Tianya", and then points to the title; the second sentence has a deep and tortuous meaning, and strange warnings can be seen in the melodious loops ; The lingering sound in the conclusion is sad and touching. The whole poem is just twenty words long. It uses the technique of embodying emotions in the scenery and empathizing with the objects, and expresses the extremely sad meaning in extremely beautiful words. It is as clear as words but also full of twists and turns. It has the flavor of quatrains in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It typically reflects Li Shangyin's artistic creation characteristics. Basic introduction Title of the work: Tianya Creation period: Late Tang Dynasty Source of the work: "Complete Poems of the Tang Dynasty" Literary genre: Five-character quatrains Author: Li Shangyin Original text of the work, annotated translation, word and sentence annotations, vernacular translation, creative background, appreciation of works, overall appreciation, comments by famous writers ,Introduction to the author, The original text of the work is Spring at the end of the world ⑴, and the sun is slanting at the end of the world ⑵. The oriole cries like tears ⑶ , it is the highest flower of wetness ⑷ . Annotated translation Word annotation ⑴Tianya: This generally refers to a place far away from home. ⑵Tianya: This refers specifically to the specific horizon. Slant: The ancient pronunciation is xiá, and the modern pronunciation is xié. You can read the ancient pronunciation, or you can read the modern pronunciation according to the current general practice of Chinese small language teaching. ⑶ Ying Ciao: Ying Ming. Xin Qiji of the Song Dynasty wrote the poem "Butterfly Loves Flowers": "The orioles of the Yan Dynasty return with their crows. But they hate the West Garden, and the orioles and the swallows are still the same." The word "crow" means a pun on crow and cry. ⑷The highest flower: the flower on the top of the treetop. It is also the flower that blooms last. Vernacular translation: The blooming spring flowers are alone in the horizon, and the red sun in the horizon is gradually setting in the west. Beautiful oriole, if you have tears, please shed them on the delicate flowers on the highest branch for me. Creation background This poem was compiled in Feng Hao's "Yuxi Sheng Chronicle" in the ninth year of Dazhong (855), when Li Shangyin was in the Liu Zhongying shogunate in Zizhou. Zhang Caitian's "Yuxi Life Annals" was compiled in the fifth year of Dazhong (851). At that time, Li Shangyin was staying at the shogunate in Lu Hong, Xuzhou, and said: "'Spring is at the end of the world', and the time and place are. 'The sun is setting again', the master of the palace "The highest flower" clearly refers to it. Feng Bianzimu made a big mistake. "Liu and Yu's "Jijie" says: "In Yishan's poem, the word 'Tianya' may refer to Guizhou or Guizhou. Zizhou. In terms of the emotional theory expressed in the poem, it seems more reasonable that this poem was written in Zimu." Appreciation of the work Overall appreciation of Li Shangyin's quatrain, "the meaning is extremely sad and the language is extremely beautiful" (Yang Zhixuan's words), in terms of expression techniques. Very distinctive. At the beginning of this poem, the poet creates an atmosphere of strong contrast between environment and mood. The first sentence is straightforward and contains extremely deep and sad feelings. "Spring Day" describes the beauty and loveliness of time, and "Tianya" refers to the distance of wandering; when the two words are used together, the beautiful spring scenery is intertwined with the sorrow of traveling. The second sentence uses the "thimble" pattern, repeats the word "Tianya", and then points to the meaning of the question. The more beautiful and lovely the spring day is, the more desolate the poet is, the more melancholy the poet far away in the world feels. "Spring is at the end of the world" already makes people feel sad; and "The sun is slanting at the end of the world" goes up a level, which further exaggerates the desolate atmosphere of wandering alone in the ends of the world, wandering in poverty. "The sun sets again" means that the time is getting later and one day is about to pass, which casts a tired and dark shadow over the beautiful spring scenery. Even though the spring flowers are blooming and the setting sun is setting in the west, they will be lost in the vast twilight in a short time. Day after day, spring will eventually lose its beauty and pass away quietly. Time is fleeting and flowers are bound to wither, which is consistent with the frustration and wasted time on the poet's life path. With the word "you", the feeling of exhaustion, loneliness, and the pain of being empty and helpless are all hidden in words. The two sentences not only contain the meaning of infinite nostalgia and cherishment for beautiful things, but also contain the sadness that life will wither. There are strange warnings in the twists and turns of the sentence, and the lingering sound of the conclusion is sad and moving. "The warbler's cry" was originally very sweet and sweet, but because of this situation, the poet felt like he was crying. This is because the poet's candle has turned to ashes, his tears have dried up, and he can only express his hatred to the singing oriole. In the poem, "crying" refers to hearing, "looking at flowers" refers to vision, "wet" refers to touch, and the highest flower "wet for me" refers to consciousness. This expresses the poet's keen associations and deep feelings. The poet empathizes with the object, making the oriole lament and weep; and the flowers wetted by the tears are naturally stained with tears, and are extremely miserable. The beauty of the oriole flower is the most representative of the splendor of spring. However, when spring returns and the flowers fall, they will inevitably wither and perish. It is Yinghua who feels sad for the poet, and that is why she feels sad for herself.
The reason why the "highest flower" attracts such affectionate attention from the poet is that the flower on the top of the treetop, that is, the flower that blooms to the last, means that spring has passed, beautiful things are about to disappear, and the cries of orioles are about to disappear. I feel extremely sad. Furthermore, because the flowers on the top of the treetops have no shelter, they are easily broken by strong winds and rains. This is very similar to the fate of all beautiful things in the world that are easily damaged. It is very similar to the talented and talented Li Shangyin. The fate of the aspiring but frustrated poet is very similar. In the era in which Li Shangyin lived, the Tang Dynasty was on the eve of its collapse. The poet was deeply despairing about the future of the country and the individual. Therefore, the short life and the emptiness of life made the sad sentiment of the poem even more heavy. The poet's grief has far exceeded the sorrow of traveling to the end of the world, but is deeply soaked in the pain of life's frustration and disillusionment. This kind of extravagant rhyme is so exciting that it often makes people unable to control themselves and forget to return. This beautiful and sad quatrain is not only the elegy of spring, but also the elegy of life, and it is also the elegy of the poet's era. Famous commentaries Qing Dynasty scholar Feng Hao's "Notes on Yuxisheng's Poems": Tian Lanfang said: "It's all in one breath, and it's good like this." Yang Shouzhi said: The meaning is extremely sad and the language is extremely beautiful, which is rare. Qing Dynasty poet Qu Fu's "Poetry in Yuxi": There is no need to point to anything, there is no need to point to nothing, there is only a deep feeling behind the words. Brief introduction of the author Li Shangyin (about 813-about 858), a poet in the Tang Dynasty. The courtesy name is Yishan and the nickname is Yuxisheng. A native of Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan). Kaicheng (Tang Wenzong's reign, 836-840) was a Jinshi. He once served as county captain, secretary Lang and Dongchuan Jiedushi judge. Due to the influence of the Niu-Li party struggle, he was ostracized and lived in poverty for the rest of his life. His epic poems often reference ancient times to satirize current affairs, and his untitled poems are very famous. He is good at rhythm, rich in literary talent, precise in conception, emotional and melodious, and has a unique style. However, there are too many useful codes and the meaning is obscure. Together with Wen Tingyun, he is called "Wen Li", and with Du Mu, he is called "Xiao Li Du". There is "Li Yishan Poetry Collection". Portrait of Li Shangyin