The names of ancient historians in China are different, but their main duties are to make records, which is consistent. The establishment of the Taishi Order in Han Dynasty was based on "those who are good at narrating, make them remember current events" (note 14). When a writer is a A Lang, he must write a famous minister and pass it on to a person, which tests his bookkeeping ability. After the Tang and Song Dynasties, officials responsible for compiling, editing and collating history were responsible for "compiling national history, seeing the major policies of astronomy, geography, religion, music and military punishment, and approving Wang Yan, all for the record." A country compiles a book, which is divided into two parts: revision and compilation. After the banquet, the exhibition officer, after having obtained the provincial examination, was the examiner, and the palace examination was the examiner. Daily life notes all compiled, playing six chapters of Cao, Huang Dian Man salt "(note 15). This is beyond the record, and historians have a great responsibility to repair history.
After the Tang Dynasty, the emperor's words and deeds were directly recorded in the private residence and personal residence of unofficial historians. The General History of the New Tang Dynasty once said:
Every day, my son is standing under the porch, Lang is on the left and the other is on the right. When the master has a life, he is forced to listen and retire from the catalogue, thinking it is a starting point.
Living in the palm of his hand, he recorded the words and deeds of the son of heaven in order to take notes on history. Every note-taking system, the day is the day, the month is the month, and the time is the year. Take books as the day, calendars as the calendar, cultural relics as the ceremony, the examination system, the relocation of worship to persuade the good, and punishment to punish the evil. At the end of the season, influenced by national history.
Living in the mansion, he is responsible for writing down the history of words and recording the imperial edict, such as the system of taking notes to remember the gains and losses of current politics. At the end of the season, it will be awarded to national history.
Live for two people, from six products. Record the daily life of the son of heaven. When the emperor was in the main hall, Lang lived on the left and Lang lived on the right. If you have a life, listen to it, write it back, and give it to historians at the end of the season. At the beginning of Zhenguan, he gave advice to the doctor on matters, knowing both residence and daily life. After each war, when discussing political affairs and living alone, Lang Qian wrote records and historians followed. Then he returned home, separated the servants around him, and went into the temple with the Prime Minister. If the war is in Chen Zi's cabinet, the incense table is away from your highness, the second dagger is straight, the ink pen is hollow, and sometimes it is a dagger.
Living Lang and Living Sheren in the Tang Dynasty are similar to the ancient history of left and right. The living lang writes notes, while the living Scheeren writes words. When I was in Korea, I stood under the jade steps every day. Lang lived on the left and others lived on the right. Life, delay listening. Discuss affairs in ink. This is a timely record of major events affecting the world. He retired from the dynasty, catalogued the initial notes according to the chronological style, collected the words and deeds of the emperor, and compared them with one series, and "recorded the gains and losses of current politics", indicating that "it is necessary to remember its birth year, test its system, and move to worship and reward to persuade the good and punish the evil." At the end of the season, Zhu Zhu's notes will be used as the basic materials for recording and compiling national history, and will be awarded to the History Museum. From this point of view, by the Tang Dynasty, taking notes had become a kind of law. The words and deeds of the emperor, the country's major policies, and the timely records of historians; Historians also have relevant documents, and the words and deeds of the emperor must be outside the records of historians; To remember the gains and losses of current politics and to present cultural relics, it is necessary to consult the literature extensively; Books are moved to worship and rewards, and punishment is exempted from recording. As the saying goes, "all propaganda and articles are given to the officials who take notes", so it can be seen that the literature has been concentrated on the officials who take notes. Historians take notes, which become more and more detailed with the help of relevant literature.
For thousands of years, China has set up a historian to record what happened in the world in time, which is a world record. At the same time, the historian was further entrusted with the important task of compiling history, leaving the most precious historical works for China.
Before the Eastern Han Dynasty, historians only took notes and were not responsible for compiling history. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, when historians were in charge of writing and writing, they not only kept records, but also undertook the task of compiling national history. Since the Tang dynasty, the cause of history revision has been carried out on a large scale. It belongs to the compilation, editing, review and revision of national history by standard historians. Its main duty is not only to keep records, but also to modify history. The so-called "historian is responsible for compiling national history, not empty beauty, not hiding evil, and expressing his chest directly." All the Zen of heaven, earth, sun and moon, the division of mountains and rivers, the sequence of Zhao Mu's succession, the division of Li Yue, and the policy of punishing and rejuvenating the country are recorded in the current situation and then chronicled. "The history museum of the Tang Dynasty did just that. Historians in the Ming Dynasty, whose duties are divided into "in charge of national history, take books as a record for all the major policies of astronomy, geography, ancestral halls, rites and music, military punishment and imperial edicts, and criticize Wang Yan. There are books compiled by the state, so they are divided into compilation and compilation. "Tang, Ming, Song, Yuan and Qing. After retiring from the DPRK, Daiyu Lang and Daiyu Sheren, who remembered the words and deeds of the Emperor of Heaven, also compiled "Gathering Notes" for the purpose of compiling factual records and national history. In this way, it seems that China's historians not only keep records, but also bear the responsibility of compiling history. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty History Museum, the great responsibility of historians in compiling history has been fully exerted.
History museums after the Tang Dynasty can be divided into two categories. One is to modify the history of the previous generation, which is temporary in nature. When the book is finished, their duties will stop. One is the compilation of contemporary history, written by historians and belonging to a permanent institution (known as the National History Museum after the Song Dynasty). The important achievements of the two are as follows:
The history museum, which studies contemporary history, has a large number of records and national history. As far as records are concerned, the records compiled in the Tang Dynasty are * * * 785 volumes, the records compiled in the Song Dynasty are * * * 3 189 volumes, the records compiled by Taizu to Xizong in the Ming Dynasty are 2959 volumes, and the records compiled by Taizu to Dezong in the Qing Dynasty are * * 4433 volumes. All the records compiled in Tang and Song Dynasties have been lost. The records compiled in the Ming and Qing Dynasties have been well preserved so far, becoming the deep sea of the original historical data of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Historians compile history and preserve precious original materials, which is worthy of being a masterpiece in the history of historiography.
The history museum that modifies the history of the previous generation is the official history. The histories of Jin, Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, Northern Zhou and Sui in the Tang Dynasty, Tang Shi in the Song Dynasty, the history of Song, Liao and Jin in the Yuan Dynasty, the history of Yuan in the Ming Dynasty and the history of Ming in the Qing Dynasty were all included in the official history, making the official revision of history a historical revision system in China. Under this historical revision system, China has a detailed history of 25 years, and a large number of basic historical facts of past dynasties have been preserved. So the history of China, unlike the West, has been replaced. Greek history written by modern western historians has replaced Greek history written by ancient Greek historians. China's historical records have been published for more than two thousand years. So far, no book can take its place in the ancient history of China. Using new historical materials excavated underground and objective and rigorous scientific methods, it is impossible for new historians to write a new ancient history of China beyond historical records. For historical records, it can be supplemented, and the evidence can be sparse, but it cannot be replaced. Historical Records has such a status, and the following records in Hanshu have the status of You Ran. Who can write a new history of the Han Dynasty to take the place of Hehou? Who can write a new history of the Tang Dynasty to replace the old and new books of the Tang Dynasty? China's historical stability has become a feature of human history. Take notes in time, revise history in time, be specific in reporters, be informative in students and have a prosperous history. Western historians' admiration for China's official history is the most outstanding achievement of world historiography, which should be regarded as a tacit theory.
The stability of China's history is due to the concrete and detailed contents of China's historical works, especially the timeliness and objectivity of China's historians' notes. The most precious original historical materials in history are timely records of historical events. The notes of historians in China belong to this category. For thousands of years, China historians have recorded what happened in time with high reliability. Historians cannot fabricate historical events day after day. Moreover, historians in China are sacred, independent, upright and unyielding. His notes abide by the laws of * * * "You must write when you are in a royal residence" and "Calligraphy is not hidden". In order to keep the true history, I risked my life every time. "It is better to die than to die" is the wind festival of China historians, which is the precious spirit of straight books in history, and the historical truth recorded from it is endless:
Good history is valued for recording straight books.
The narrative of history, too, is argumentative but not flashy, qualitative but not vulgar, with its straight text, its core and dreamlike.
Historians are recorded books.
Historians chronicle history only in beauty, without hiding evil, and distinguish right from wrong according to facts.
All kinds of statements emphasize recording facts. Therefore, recording facts has become the tradition of China's historiography. Historians' fact books are completely different from historical facts made up by writers. Western postmodernists claim that there is no truth, objectivity and authenticity in history, and there is no difference between history and literary fiction, which is extremely incredible in China. Shu Wei in China, known as "dirty history", is still the source of the history of the Northern Wei Dynasty. The status of Yuan history, regarded as the ugliest, has not wavered. From then on, the differences between Chinese and western historiography are clear and unmistakable. It would be half-hearted to pay tribute to Chinese and western historians. /s/blog _ 4 12f 387 f 0 1008 nwv . html
Looking at the ancient supervision system from the ancient historians in China [turn]
/f？ kz=35 155657