Gu Kaizhi
Ming Lan imitates the landscape of Zhang Sengyou.
Four Masters in Five Dynasties: Four Masters in Five Dynasties: refers to the painting history of China. Hao Jing, Guan Tong, Dong Yuan and Ju Ran. Abbreviations: Jing, Guan, Dong and Ju. Since the Tang Dynasty, their painting styles have changed obviously. It became a bridge between tang style and Song Ge. Wang Ming's poem said: "The landscape becomes two Li Yi; Jing, Guan, Dong and Ju have changed again. " (Li refers to father and son). The characteristics of four families in the Five Dynasties: Hao Jing's paintings are majestic, profound, bold and firm; Guan Tong's paintings are majestic and firm, with dense cliffs; Dong Yuan's paintings are magnificent and have great potential to stand out. Ju Ran's paintings tend to be solemn, simple and quiet.
Jing Hao
Tong Guan
Dongyuan
Ju Ran
Dong Yuan, Li Cheng and Fan Kuan, the three great artists in the history of China's painting. Tang Yuan once said: "From the Six Dynasties to the early Tang Dynasty, although there were many painters, their brushwork was deeply ancient. Since Wang Wei, Zhang, Bi Hong, people have a new understanding and research on it. Five generations of Jing and Guan, but don't be innovative, learn before washing. In the Song Dynasty, Dong Yuan, Li Cheng and Fan Kuan were the masters of the three schools, and there was no one before them, so they prepared the landscape method. " They did create a new painting style that the Tang people did not explore, and improved the landscape painting and appearance of China. The characteristics of the three masters: Dong Yuan's paintings tend to be plain, naive and simple except for some magnificent works; Fan Kuan has the characteristics of firmness, massiness and grandeur. Li Cheng's paintings are tall and straight, magnificent, changeable and unique.
Dongyuan
Li Cheng
Fan Kuan
Four Masters of Southern Song Dynasty: refers to the painters of Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy in the history of China painting, such as Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui, also known as "Four Masters of Southern Song Dynasty". Among the four schools called "Li, Liu, Ma and Xia" for short, the painting methods inherited and developed by Liu, Ma and Xia earlier became the mainstream of the Southern Song Dynasty Painting Academy. The style characteristics of their four families are: Li Tang's paintings are vigorous, sharp and magnificent; Influenced by Li Tang, Liu Songnian's paintings are more neat. Li Tang, the teacher of Ma Yuan and Eve, made a multi-faceted close-up of the library with straight, rigid and simple techniques and dripping ink. It is called "Horse Corner" and "Xia Banbian". His painting style had a great influence on Zhejiang School and courtyard landscape painting in Ming Dynasty. All the way belongs to Hao Zongjian's painting style. At first, there was no such name. Tu Long said: "Li Tang, Liu Songnian, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui are the four great men after Nandu." Zhang Chou said: "Liu Songnian was the crown in the Southern Song Dynasty, followed by Li Tang, Ma Yuan and Xia Gui." Zhang Taijie said: "Liu, Li, Ma and Xia all have the weight of fame, but Li and Ma are the heaviest."
Li Tang
Liu Songnian
Ma Yuan
Xiagui
Yuan Sijia and Yuan Sijia refer to the four great painters of China in Yuan Dynasty: Huang, Wang Meng, Ni Zan and Zhen Wu. Its * * * has the same characteristics, and it is a "simple and elegant" landscape painting style. Emphasizing the development of ink painting has played a great role. The four people are in the same era and are similar in age. Its style features: rich mountains and rivers, lush vegetation; Wang Meng painted dozens of landscapes, dozens of trees, thousands of rocks and valleys, overlapping annual rings; Zhenwu's landscape is vast and gloomy; Ni Zan landscape, the so-called "naive and quiet, lonely", has a desolate and empty, simple and gloomy interest.
yellow
Wang Meng
Ni Zan
Zhen Wu
Ming Sijia: Four Ming Dynasty painters in the history of China painting: Shen Zhou, Wen Zhiming, Tang Yin and Chou Ying. They are all engaged in painting activities in Suzhou, Jiangsu. Suzhou is also known as the "Wu School" because it was the land of Wu in ancient times, that is, Shen, Wen, Tang and Qiu. Among the four, Shen Zhou and Wen Zhiming are good at painting landscapes, inheriting the tradition of Beijing school landscape painting; Tang Yin is very good at landscapes and figures, and their courtyard style in the Southern Song Dynasty is Fa. Chou Ying is famous for its meticulous figures and green scenery. Four people have their own strengths and are equally famous. But apart from Shen Zhou and Wen Zhiming, Tang Yan and Chou Ying have their own qualifications. Therefore, the "Wu Si Jia" ("Ming Sijia") are only four famous artists with high achievements and different styles in the Ming Dynasty, not the same school of painting.
The three outstanding artists of Zhejiang School refer to three Ming painters in the history of China painting: Dai Jin, Wei Wu and Lan Ying. It is one of the early Ming painting schools. Dai Jin, a representative figure, inherited the painting style of Li Tang, Ma Yuan and Eve in the Southern Song Dynasty, and was good at painting landscapes, figures and flowers. This painting school is called "Zhejiang School" because it is dressed in people from central Zhejiang. Tachileik is also a gardener and a leader of Zhejiang School. He is bold with his pen. At the end of Ming Dynasty, Lan Ying was the leader of Zhejiang School. He is good at painting landscapes and flowers. He was beautiful in his early years and full of vigor in his later years.
Four Famous Monks: In the history of painting in China, "four famous monks" refer to four painters who became monks in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Yuanji (Shi Tao), Zhu Da (Badashanren), Kun Can (Xi Shi) and Zhejiang (Hong Ren). All four people are good at landscape painting, each with its own style. They all try their best to give full play to their creativity, oppose copying ancient times and achieve innovative achievements. Their characteristics are: Shi Tao's paintings are fantastic and detached; Badashanren's paintings are concise and clear; Kun can's paintings are pale and elegant; Hong Ren's paintings are simple and quiet. Have your own style. Their painting style had a great influence on the later "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" until modern painters such as Wu Changgu and Qi Baishi.
Six Great Masters in the Early Qing Dynasty (including the Four Heavenly Kings in the Qing Dynasty): In the history of painting in China, it refers to Wang Shimin (heavy smoker), Wang Jian (Yuan Zhao), Wang Yi (Stone Valley), Wang (footstool), (Yushan) and Yun (Yunnan Sky). In particular, the painting style of the "Four Heavenly Kings" is said to be popular in the painting circles of the Qing Dynasty. At the same time, they are all court painters who advocate imitating Zuo Ren. Wang Shimin was the first painter in Qing Dynasty, Wang was his student, and Wang Jian and Wang Shimin were fellow villagers and related. Wang is the grandson of Wang Shimin. In the ninth year of Kangxi, he devoted himself to the imperial palace and served as the president's palace. This "fourth five-year plan" advocates antique, extraordinary brushwork and profound skill. Learning from Wang Shimin, Wang, he is good at painting and elegant. Yun is good at painting landscapes, but after seeing Wang's works, he felt that he could not surpass Wang, so he gave up landscapes and turned to painting flowers. Be a new face and be famous for a while. Their painting style continued until the late Qing Dynasty. Even in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic.
Xin 'an Si 'an: In the history of China painting, it refers to Cha Shibiao, Sun Yi, Wang Zhirui and Hong Ren. It's called "Xin 'an School". It is one of the schools of landscape painting in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Hong Ren (Jianjiang) in Shexian County, Anhui Province, represented by Cha Shibiao, Wang Zhirui and Sun Yi in Xiuning County. Shexian, Xiuning, Qimen, Jixi and Huoxian belonged to Xin 'an County in ancient times, so they were called "four big families of Xin 'an". Red man's painting, Xiao Shu Gao Jian; Check the world-famous paintings, sharp with a pen, desolate and cold; Sun Yi's paintings are elegant, smart and natural. Wang Zhirui's paintings are like a storm, and the paintings of the four schools have their own characteristics.
Eight sons of Jinling: In the history of China painting, it refers to Gong Xian, Fan Yin, Gao Cen, Zou Ji, Wu Hong, Ye Xin, Hu Yi and Xie Xun. They mainly engaged in painting activities from the apocalypse in the late Ming Dynasty, Chongzhen to Kangxi in the early Qing Dynasty, and were eight painters who produced or lived in Jinling. Their characteristics are: they don't like to imitate the influence of ancient customs, and they can be inspired by everyone's life experience and natural environment. Their works are realistic and have different degrees of creation. Their painting methods mainly inherited the traditions of the Five Dynasties and the Song Dynasty. Developed and changed. Most of them live in seclusion, wandering between Jianghuai and selling paintings for a living. They often get together and sing with poetry, calligraphy and painting.
Eight eccentrics in Yangzhou: In the history of China painting, they refer to Jin Nong, Zheng Xie, Huang Shen, Li Yi, Li, Wang, Gao Xiang. Because its artistic activities are mostly in Yangzhou, it is known as the "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou". In China's works on the history of painting, the eight people referred to in different versions are slightly different. However, the characteristics of his painting art are basically the same. The "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" is characterized by inheriting the tradition of freehand brushwork since the Song and Yuan Dynasties, especially Xu Wei and Chen Chun in the Ming Dynasty, Shi Tao and Badashan people in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, getting rid of the influence of conservative rules and regulations in the painting world and giving full play to their creative will to sketch on the spot and express their emotions. They are all good at calligraphy, literature and seals. Thus, the comprehensive art of poetry, calligraphy and painting is formed as a whole, which is called "three musts" and opens up a new road for the development of painting art.
Three Masters in the Late Qing Dynasty: In Chinese painting, I mean Ren Bonian, Wu Changshuo and Zhao. After Qianlong, the flower-and-bird painting in Qing Dynasty gradually declined. In terms of techniques, there are still the best ones, such as sketching for a long time in any year, learning from the past and being brave in innovation. Wu Changshuo and Zhao initiated a new situation of modern painting. They are devoted to painting poems and seal cutting, and are good at writing poems and creating new methods.
One of the landscape painting schools in Song Dynasty. It was created by Mi (a famous calligrapher in ancient times) and developed by his son Mi Youren. It is characterized by depicting the scenery of mountains and rivers hidden by clouds with ink and wash, calling itself "Ink Opera", known as the Mi's Yunshan in the world, or "Mi Jiashan Water". The paintings painted by Mi Fei and Mi Youren in Song Dynasty were also called "rice", "millet" or "two meters" in the history of painting. Mi Fei tried to talk with Li about ancient and modern landscapes, but there was little out of line, so he wrote it honestly. Claiming: "None of them are bad." China's traditional landscape painting is dominated by lines, while Mi Fei uses horizontal strokes to block it, which is called "falling eggplant method", breaking the rules of lines. Its characteristic is that it can express ethereal, ethereal and fantastic scenery, and it is known as "Mi's Yunshan" in the world. Youren passed down the tuxedo family, and was good at drawing rootless trees, with hazy clouds. Every time, he likes to write his own topic "Hui Yuan Opera Pen". Because both father and son live in Xiangyang and Zhenjiang, they are particularly intoxicated with the natural scenery of Xiaoxiang and Jiao Shan, so they can draw steaming and smoky fun. This school is a freehand brushwork style, which has a great influence on later generations.
Songjiang School: one of the schools of landscape painting in the late Ming Dynasty. Represented by Dong Qichang, there are three tribes: Susong School headed by Zhao Zuo. Represented by Shen, it is called "school". Both schools originated in Vae. Zhao Zuo, Song Shicong, Shen Shicong, Zhao Zuo. Represented by Gu Zhengyi, the "Hua Tingpai" were all from Songjiang Prefecture at that time, and their styles influenced each other. Their painting style is rich and lush, and their bones are graceful and restrained. Yun Qi's brushwork
Ink freehand brushwork school: one of the flower-and-bird painting schools in Ming Dynasty. Mainly represented by painters Chen Chun (Bai Yang) and Xu Wei (Tianchi), he made flowers, insects and bamboos, made good use of ink and wash, splashed ink freely, and did not stick to the law. Dry and wet shades of ink are just right, which prevailed in the middle of Ming Dynasty and formed a fashion. It had a great influence on Shi Tao, Badashan people and "Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou" in Qing Dynasty.
Gouhua Dianye School: one of the flower-and-bird painting schools in Ming Dynasty. Mainly represented by the painter Zhou Zhimian. Zhou Zhimian, a native of Changzhou (present-day Suzhou), is good at painting flowers and birds, with Chen Chun (freehand brushwork) and Lu Ye (meticulous brushwork), taking the advantages of the two schools to make the colors elegant and full of charm, so he is called the Hook Flower Point Leaf School.
Huangshan school: one of the schools of landscape painting in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. Representative painters are Mei Qing, Yuanji (Shi Tao) and Hong Ren (Zhejiang). The three painters have different styles of painting, and they are all famous for depicting the changes of the clouds of Huangshan Mountain, so they are called "Huangshan School". The world says: "Shi Tao has the breath of Huangshan Mountain, Mei Qing has the shape of Huangshan Mountain, and the red man has the quality of Huangshan Mountain.
Boneless school. Changzhou School: One of the schools of flower-and-bird painting in Qing Dynasty. Its representative painter is Yun. A pure boneless body is its characteristic. In the Song Dynasty, there was a thin outline (outline) without bones, but in the Qing Dynasty, it developed into a pure boneless body with completely different outlines, which was called the elegance and vulgarity of sketch and spread widely. Because Yunnan Tian is from Changzhou, it is called Changzhou School.
Lingnan School of Painting: Located in the south of Wuling, Guangdong Province, there have been more than a thousand painters since Ming and Qing Dynasties. The famous Ming Dynasty was Lin Liang. Good at ink painting and freehand brushwork of flowers and birds. His brushwork is simple and vigorous, bold and cold, which has opened up the painting style in Lingnan area. Gao Yan (landscape painting) and Chen Rui (flower and bird painting) are law-abiding; Li Jian and Li Kui followed closely, focusing on the characteristics of mountains and rivers in Guangdong. The former is pale and moist, but far and near Ni Zan, while the latter is a highly skilled painter. There are Su and Su Changchun in "Qingganlong" (1736- 1795), "Good Man" and "Six Friends". They take people's life and secularism as their themes. Although Changchun often paints immortal Buddha statues, he takes ordinary people in the south as the prototype. In the late Qing Dynasty, there were Juchao and Ju Lian who were good at flowers, birds, insects and fish and learned from the clouds. In modern Panyu, Gao, Chen all studied under Ju Lian in their early years. After studying in Japan, Gao Brothers and Chen learned painting skills and introduced western painting techniques. The theme of their works is mostly about the scenery in the south of China. On the basis of applying China's traditional painting techniques, combining Japanese southern painting and western painting methods, they paid attention to sketching, and created a new style of modern Lingnan painting school with bright colors, watertight, soft and uniform shading. There is a strong Lingnan sentiment. At that time, together with Chen, he was called "the three outstanding artists of Lingnan School". After that, Li, Li and Li were all important painters of Lingnan School.
Jinling School: One of the modern painting schools in China. The school of painting is represented by Fu Baoshi, Qian Songyan, Song Wenzhi and Yaming. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, sketching was advocated. Most of them are represented by mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River. Most of his works are magnificent and beautiful, with the characteristics of southern rivers and mountains.
One of the schools of modern Chinese painting. In the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, Chang 'an painters or painters living in Chang 'an painting school, such as Zhang Daqian, Shi Lu, He, Francis Cong, Kang and Liu Wenxi, rebelled against the trend of learning from others in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, boldly walked into life and created a lot of sketches, which injected a new feeling into the relatively lifeless Chinese painting at that time. Form a special painting style with northern Shaanxi flavor.
One of the schools of modern painting in China. At first, Lin Fengmian, a Shanghai painter, drew lessons from the pale colors of western paintings and used Chinese painting, Xuan paper and ink painting to express nature, which was the first time. Today, Yuan Yunfu, Huang Yongyu, Wu Guanzhong and others have done a lot of exploration and development on this painting style.
Yunnan Painting School: One of the modern painting schools in China. Contemporary painters, such as Jiang Tiefeng, Yuan Yunsheng, Ding Shaoguang and Wang Jinyuan, mostly take Yunnan scenery and ethnic minorities as their themes, forming a painting style with Yunnan customs and performance characteristics.
One of the new techniques of modern Chinese painting. Originated from Heilongjiang painter Yu Zhixue. This paper mainly uses the method of adding alum (or water) to express the ice and snow effect in northern China and Daxing 'anling, so it is called "ice and snow landscape" and "white mountain black water".
One of the modern painting styles of Chinese painting. Gu Wenda of Zhejiang Academy of Fine Arts and the Shandong painter who studied here were the first people to create this painting. Later, Xi painters Miao Zhongan and Zhang Mingtang developed it into a large number of rhyming ideas and formed a painting. Looking for rhythm in similarity.
China modern painter. Most of its painters have settled in the city for a long time, and the theme and content of their paintings are based on the urban environment and urban figures, forming a typical modern urban style painting style.
Mount Tai painter: one of the more distinctive painters among modern landscape painters in China. Zhang Weiming, a painter of Mount Tai, has devoted himself to the research and creation of Mount Tai scenery for many years.
Painter of Huangshan Mountain: Zhu Feng, who has lived in Huangshan Mountain for more than 30 years, devoted himself to reading and painting, almost abandoned what most people call "social complex" and focused on the creation and exploration of Huangshan painting, resulting in a large number of excellent works. Over the past 30 years, in addition to my own efforts, I also benefited from the guidance of Liu Haisu, Wang Chaowen, Huang Zhou, Fan Ceng and other masters, as well as the exchanges with many colleagues in the painting world.