In the fifth year of Chongzhen (2), I lived in the West Lake in December. The snow fell for many days, and the noise of the pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. It's the day shift (gēng) (3), the rest (ráo)(4), a small boat, holding a clothes fire (5), and going to the lake pavilion alone to see the snow. Rime (sōng) and (hàngdàng)(6), sky and clouds and mountains and water, white up and down (7). The shadow on the lake is only a mark on the long beach (8), a little pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard with Yu Zhou (jiè), and two or three people in the boat.
at the pavilion, two people were sitting opposite each other (zhān), and a boy's shochu stove was boiling. Seeing Yu, he was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake! (9) "Pull Yu to drink together. Yu qiǎng)(1 qi ? ng) (1) took a drink of three white (11) and asked his surname (12). He was a native of Jinling (líng) and a guest here (13). When he got off the boat, Zhou Zi murmured (14): "Don't say that Xianggong (15) is stupid, but (gèng)(16) is stupid (17) like Xianggong!"
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Translation
In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in Hangzhou. It snowed for three days, and all the voices of people and birds in the lake disappeared. After the first watch of this day (about 8: pm), I rowed a boat, wore a fur coat and took a stove, and prepared to go to the Huxin Pavilion to enjoy the snow scene alone. The ice flowers are diffuse, and the sky and the clouds and the mountains and the water are integrated into one mass. The shadow that can be seen on the lake is only a trace of the West Lake Long Beach in the snow (Su Causeway). The pavilion in the middle of the lake is a spot in the snow. My boat is like a blade of grass, and there are only a few figures the size of rice grains on board.
On the pavilion in the middle of the lake, two people were sitting opposite each other with felt mats. A little boy was cooking wine, and the wine in the wine stove was boiling. When (the two men) saw me, they were very surprised and said, "I didn't expect to meet someone like you in the lake." He took me to drink with him. I tried to drink three large glasses of wine and then said goodbye. I asked their names, and (they replied) they were from Jinling and lived here. When I got off the boat, the boatman muttered, "Don't say that childe is crazy, there are people who are as stupid as childe!" "
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Notes
1. This article is selected from Dream of Taoan, written by Zhang Dai (1597-1679), who was born in Shanyin (Shaoxing, Zhejiang) in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Originally from Hangzhou. Born into an official family, he was a rich son when he was young. He loved prosperity, loved mountains and rivers, knew music and opera, and did not become an official after his death in Ming Dynasty. He went into the mountains to write books to the end. He is the author of peerless literary masterpieces such as Dream of Tao 'an, Dream of West Lake, Collected Works of Heaven's Library, Three Immortals, Sailing at Night and Baiyangdian Tide.
2. Five years of Chongzhen: AD 1632. Chongzhen, Zhu Youjian Year Number of Ming Sizong (1628-1644).
3. It's the day to change: Yes: pronoun, this. More fixed: after the first shift, it is around 8 pm. More fixed, in ancient times, the night was divided into five shifts, and each shift was about two hours. Yes, it's over. It's over.
4. "(ráo) is used as" radial "to support [the ship]. A "press".
5. hold a clothes fire: wear a leather sweater and take a boat with a stove. Clothes made of fur. The fine hair of birds and animals.
6. rime: ice flowers are everywhere. Rime, clouds, water vapor; Fog is the cloud gas that covers the lake from the sky, and the rime is the water vapor evaporated from the lake, the rime and the ice flower condensed by water vapor. Ceng Gong's Poem on Winter Nights is self-explanatory: "It is very cold in Qi, and the night air is like fog, which condenses on the water and looks like snow. The sunrise floats all over the courtyard, and Qi people call it rime." Ling Miao, the appearance of white air. Ling, describe the flood.
7. One white: all white. (1) all; Du)
8. A trace on the long embankment: It describes that the long embankment of the West Lake only shows a trace in the snow. Dike, waterproof building along the river or along the coast.
9. Why is there such a person? It means that I didn't think there would be such a person. No way, no way. More, also.
1. white: the wine glasses used by the ancients to punish wine, here refers to the wine glasses.
11. Guest here: Stay here.
12. Zhouzi: boatman
13. Nan: onomatopoeia
14. "xianggong": an old courtesy title for a scholar
15. More: returning
16. Idiom: a unique feeling to show his unique personality of loving mountains and rivers and being indifferent to loneliness; Stupid, this article means obsessed.
17. Ju: Du
18. Just: Just
19. Strong (qi ǐ ng) drink: try your best to drink; Strong: happy; Strong drinking: having a good time
2. Last name: first name
21. Never: disappear, stop
22. Rime: ice flowers condensed by water.
23. Ling Ling: white air
24. Mo: Don't
25. People who: ...
26. And disembark: Wait until (I) disembark. Wait until ....
interchangeable words
1. I have a boat: "(ráo) connects with" radial "and supports (the boat). A "press".
The word is polysemy:
1. Yes: it is the date of sunset (this refers to the third day)
It is from Jinling (indicating judgment)
2. One: one white (all)
Long dike and one mark (quantifier)
3. More: it is the date of sunset (ancient times "Guest here" means "guest lives here", and nouns are used as verbs.
Different meanings in ancient and modern times
1. Yu: Ancient meaning: My example: I live in the West Lake
Today's meaning: The remaining
Problems
The shadow on the lake is a trace on the long beach, a little pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard with Yu Zhou and only two or three people in the boat
The shadow on the lake is only the shadow of the West Lake.
Question: What is written in the sentence "After three days of heavy snow, people and birds in the lake are all dead"? Try to analyze the beauty.
Answer: The artistic conception is a silvery white world in which everything is freezing and everything is silent.
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This article uses fresh and elegant pen and ink. Wrote the wonders of the West Lake after the snow and the elegance of visiting the Lakers. Lakes, mountains and tourists are isomorphic into an artistic realm with a strong sense of pictures.
By writing about the encounter with a bosom friend while enjoying the snow in the lake pavilion, the author's lonely mood and faint sadness at first are shown. It highlights the author's elegant taste of being independent and outstanding. It expresses the author's joy and regret when he met his bosom friend, reflects the author's thoughts about his motherland, and also reflects the author's quality of not following the world, not drifting with the flow, his feelings of being far away from the secular world and enjoying himself alone, and at the same time, it also entrusts with the slim sigh of life.
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Appreciation
This article is a masterpiece of Zhang Dai's sketches. By recalling an experience of watching the snow by boat in the West Lake, the author writes about the fresh and elegant scenery of the West Lake after the snow, showing deep seclusion thoughts and expressing deep attachment and sentimental feelings. After three days of heavy snow and the dead of night, the author went alone in the boat. I met a guest unexpectedly in the pavilion, and the three of them exchanged names before leaving. Zhou Zi mumbled, and was infatuated with three people, but I didn't know that these three people were just temperamental people. The most striking feature of this paper is that it is concise in writing, and the full text is less than 2 words, but it integrates narrative, scenery and lyricism. What is particularly amazing is that the author's efforts in tempering quantifiers, the combination of "one mark", "one point", "one mustard" and "two or three grains", actually conveys the eternal vastness and even the silent atmosphere, which is amazing. The author makes good use of contrast techniques, big and small, cold and hot, loneliness and bosom friend, and the contrast is sharp, which effectively expresses the deep feelings of life and the lingering thoughts of the old country. He also used the technique of line drawing to express the author's surprise of enjoying the snow, lofty and self-admiring feelings and faint sadness. The full text is full of scenes, natural and natural, without a sense of carving, giving people a pleasant feeling. The word "chi" (as a fisherman) expresses the author's leisure and elegance, and also shows the author's love for life and beautiful taste.
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Author's brief introduction and writing background
Zhang Dai (1597-1679), also known as Weicheng, also known as Zongzi and Shigong, Taoan and Diean lay man, was born in Shanyin (now Shaoxing, Zhejiang) and lived in Hangzhou. Zhang Dai was an essayist and historian in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Born into an official family, he was rarely a rich son, and he was also an expert in tea appreciation. He loved prosperity, loved mountains and rivers, knew music and opera, refused to be an official after his death in Ming Dynasty, and went into the mountains to write books to the end. There were Dreams of Taoan and Dreams of West Lake. He is the author of the encyclopedia "Night Sailing Boat", and this article is selected from Zhang Dai's "Dream of Taoan".
Zhang Dai was born in a family of benevolent officials for generations. In his early years, he roamed Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Anhui and other provinces and had extensive experience. After three generations of accumulation, his family gathered a large number of historical materials of the Ming Dynasty and read a lot. Since he was 32 years old, he had to write a biographical history of the Ming Dynasty with family materials. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, I went into the mountains and wrote books in poverty.
Zhang Dai has a wide range of interests. He usually pays great attention to all kinds of people, trends, people's lives, customs and habits, as well as food, fruits and vegetables. These are often disdained by the authentic literati in the old days, but he has the interest and courage to appreciate and record. He wrote an "epitaph for himself", very frankly admitting that he was less "a servant and loved prosperity" and called himself "a prostitute and an orange abuser". Tao an Meng Yi (9 photos)
Zhang Dai tasted the tea and tasted the water to perfection, and the section "Min Lao Zi Tea" in Tao An Meng Yi was extremely vivid: Yu Yue said, "It's fragrant and simple, and it tastes very rich. This is spring tea! It's autumn harvest that looks to you. " Wenshui laughed and said, "At the age of 7, there is no one like a fine connoisseur." So I decided to pay. Zhang Dai deserves to be an expert in distinguishing tea from water.
Zhang Dai is good at tasting tea, and he also carefully reformed the Japanese-made tea in his hometown to create a kind of "Lanxue tea". "Casting snow buds on the day" has been listed as a tribute in the Song Dynasty, and it has the reputation of "casting tea on the day in Yuezhou is the first in the south of the Yangtze River". However, in the Ming Dynasty, due to the exquisite preparation method of Xiuning Pineapple Tea, it became famous for a while, overshadowing it for a while, and the United States lived in Japan. Zhang Dai "recruited people to cast in Japan", just like the method of making pineapples, using the method of digging, moving, scattering, fanning, frying, baking and hiding. Then he explored the spring water, and found that "when he pours the spring water, the fragrance is not out. When he cooks the spring water and puts it in a small pot, the fragrance is too strong, and it is mixed with jasmine. After repeated contests, he puts it in an open porcelain pot and waits for it to be cold. He washes it with a rolling soup, and the color is like a bamboo basket, and the green powder is evenly distributed at the beginning, and it is like the beginning of a mountain window. Take the pure princess white, tend to plain porcelain, really like a hundred stems of plain orchid and snow Tao and diarrhea. Xueya got it, but she didn't get it The rest of the play is called Lan Xue. " ("Tao An Meng Yi Lan Xue Tea") After four or five years, Lan Xue Tea became popular in the tea market. Tea drinkers in Shaoxing changed the habit of drinking pineapples in the past, but it was not Lan Xue who did not drink. Later, even the pine tea was renamed "Lanxue". Lan Xuecha has this reputation, and the credit goes to Zhang Dai.
In the Ming Dynasty, Shaoxing had already opened a few teahouses, and one of them, brew tea, was particularly fastidious in boiling water: "The spring is made of jade belt, the tea is made of snow, the soup is cooked by spinning, there is no old soup, the utensils are washed by time, and there are no dirty utensils. When the heat is waiting for the soup, there are sometimes people who are in harmony with heaven." Zhang Dai loved this teahouse very much, and named it "Brother Lu", which means "Tea dew has a brother" in Mi Fei. He also wrote "Fighting Tea" for him: "Water-drinking tea addiction, ancient style, sharp grass and snow buds, known as the more unique, especially for cooking illegally, has always been dusty in Gezao, and no one appreciates it, resulting in the accumulation of feathers. You choose a scenic spot, and you can raise the Tang League again. The water symbol is handed from Yuquan, the tea war came to Lanxue, the melon seeds were fried with beans, and there was no need to Rui Caoqiao, and the orange pomelo was found in the mountain nursery, Ba Ding Shui. It was never sweet, smooth, fragrant, clean and cool. Seven household affairs, no matter how much rice, oil, salt, sauce and vinegar are used, how can it be less in one day, and the bamboo and bamboo can be equally famous. Seven bowls can't be eaten, and the tea is not known. A pot of dust is used to talk freely, and incense is burned on the couch in the early morning, and I am drunk. "
It was once famous far and wide. At one time, it was the famous Tiger Run, and the famous Shaoxing spring in Hui Quan was once hidden. It was discovered by Zhang Daizhong again. He described the process in the article "The Spring of Zan":
Jia Yinxia, castrated by Bambusa bambusa, sipped water, and there were laurel horns in phosphorus and phosphorus. Different. Look at its color, such as the autumn moon is frosty and empty, the sky is white, and it is like a light haze coming out of the cave, dazzling and fascinating, and faint. I hastily saw calligraphy and painting at the wellhead, brushed it with a broom, and the words came out. The calligraphy was as big as the right army. Benefit from differences. Try tea, and it smells good. There are few fishy stones in Xinji, and after staying for three days, the gas will be exhausted. There is no other way to distinguish the spring, but to take the water inlet, lick your tongue and palate, and it will be empty after passing through your cheek. If there is no water to swallow, it will be the spring. Good people believe it, and they will take it to make wine, or open a teahouse in the spring, or sell it in an urn, and feed it to a company. Dong Fangbo kept crossing the river, drank its water, and was willing to give it, fearing that he would not give it, and blocked the spring, which became more and more famous.
Tea affairs, tea theory and tea people are described in Zhang Dai's anthology. Zhang Dai is a tea friend. Among his tea friends, "I will come to my home every day, sip tea and burn incense, and talk about banter and laugh here for thirteen years", and there is Zhou Youxin who drinks tea with him every time. His brother Ji Di Shanmin, who likes "Mi Dian Stone, Zi Dianzhu, Mulberry Tea, Dongpo Meat", and his brother who fought with him for tea "drive the Central Plains side by side, and who will die" are also "tea addicts".
Dai is good at enjoying tea sets. His younger brother, Shanmin, got a porcelain pot with an ancient style. He played with it for a year, and it was a pot inscription: "Bathing in the sun and bathing in the moon is also its color, and the jade in the kiln is also its breath, and the green hills are also its diet." There is also a Xuanyao tea bowl, and Zhang Daiyou said, "At the beginning of the autumn moon, under the green trees. Out of plain porcelain, pass the quiet night. " There is also a teapot that has not been engraved by the producer. Zhang Dai confirmed that it was written by Gong Chun, and it was specially inscribed: "There are many famous paintings in ancient times. This pot looks like Gong Chun, which makes Da Bin recognize it. Dare you? "
the pavilion in the middle of the lake is located in the west lake. It is said that when the West Lake was renovated in the Song Dynasty, it was piled up into an island with lake mud. In the thirty-first year of Ming Jiajing (1552), a pavilion was built on the mountain, named "Huxin Pavilion".
With fresh and elegant pen and ink, this paper depicts the quiet scene of the West Lake after the snow, showing the elegance of the Lakers and the author's interest, and implicitly expressing the author's nostalgia for the old country (Ming Dynasty). Reading it, I feel that this is not an article at all, but a pure empathy between the lonely and the lonely, and between the lonely and the heaven and the earth, because the author puts a lot of things that will be in his heart into words, and brews an almost pure artistic conception with broadness and quietness.
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Comments by famous artists
Qi Biaojia: Yu You, Zhang Taoan, pen tool chemical industry. His travels include Li Daoyuan's Bo Ao, Liu Tongren's spicy life, Yuan Zhonglang's Qian Li, and Wang Jizhong's humor. One of them is the ethereal and crystal-reflected spirit, and there is nothing to look for. Vivid portrayal of the West Lake, politics is in A Du.
Zhang Dai: Tao An's country was ruined, and it went into the mountains with no return ... Because I missed Yu's life, it was prosperous and beautiful, and all my eyes were empty. In the past 5 years, I have had a dream. ..... I draw one occasionally, such as wandering the old path, seeing an old friend and the people of the city, and turning to complacency. It's true that you can't dream before you are an idiot.
Preface to Tao An Dream
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