Since Shuo Wen Jie Zi in Han Dynasty, the concepts of "integrity", "communication" and "vulgarity" have frequently appeared in books about writing. However, it is unprecedented to distinguish and define the three-body of each word from the relationship between name and reality, the relationship between physical appearance and the relationship between use, like the book of manna. But this is also the time when the word "orthography" was first defined. Today, people call it "standardized Chinese characters", which was originally called "official script", that is, "regular script" or "true script". Song Xuanhe's book spectrum said: "In the early Han Dynasty, when Wang Ci was in the middle, the official script was used as the opening method. The so-called law-making is also the official book of today. People do what they want, and the world will do what they want. Therefore, at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, the stone carvings of Lishu were mixed with official books, and those who fell to Zhong You in the Three Kingdoms period were the ancestors of official books. Le Yi and Huang Tingjing by Wang Xizhi in the Jin Dynasty have become treasures of the past and the present. " The word "positive" is from "stop" to "one". Therefore, the word "positive" has a strong foundation and is impartial and stops at the best level. So "official script" is regular script, that is, "regular script". This is the historical origin of orthography.
Traditional Chinese characters, that is, the writing system of Chinese characters produced after the evolution of Xiao Zhuan into official script (followed by regular script, running script, cursive script, etc.). ), which has a history of more than 2000 years, has been a common Chinese writing standard for Chinese people all over the world until the 20th century. Since the 1950 s, mainland officials have simplified traditional Chinese characters and formed a new Chinese writing standard, namely simplified Chinese. Simplified Chinese is mainly composed of inherited characters and simplified characters which were implemented in Chinese mainland by the people of China and the government of China after 1960s. At present, Simplified Chinese is mainly used in some Chinese communities in Chinese mainland and Southeast Asia (such as Malaysian and Singaporean), while Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Taiwan Province Province, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Macao Special Administrative Region of China. 1In August, 935, the Ministry of Education of the National Government published the first list of simplified Chinese characters, which included 324 popular folk characters, ancient Chinese characters and cursive characters. However, due to controversy, the first list of simplified characters was revoked in February of the following year (Dai is one of the strong rivals); 1952, the national government (Chiang Kai-shek) who moved to Taiwan once again put forward simplified characters at a Kuomintang propaganda report meeting, which won the support of reductionists such as Luo Jialun, but later gave up because of the controversy (Hu was the main opponent). The two interpretations in the First Book of Simplified Chinese Characters of the Republic of China are as follows: 1) Simplified Chinese characters are simplified characters with simple strokes, which are easy to recognize and write. They are different from regular Chinese characters and can be used instead of traditional Chinese characters. 2) Simplified characters listed in this table include commonly used characters, ancient Chinese characters and cursive scripts. Popular characters such as "body, treasure, rock, silkworm", ancient characters such as "qi, nothingness, uniqueness, light" and cursive scripts such as "time, reality, behavior and meeting" are all existing and popular users.
Simplified characters refer to Chinese characters simplified with regular script characters. Official script is the simplification of official script, cursive script and running script are the simplification of official script, and simplified characters are the simplification of regular script. However, in the long-term historical development process, it is not the general trend for Chinese characters to simplify from complexity. Official script is not the simplification of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, and regular script is not the simplification of official script. In order to record the language more clearly, people share the recording function of words with more glyphs, resulting in a large number of differentiated words. Simplified characters in regular script appeared in the Southern and Northern Dynasties (4th-6th century), and gradually increased after the Tang and Song Dynasties. Generally speaking, they are commonly used words with more strokes, and most of these words are simplified by cursive and running scripts. In addition, there is a simplified word, which replaces complex parts with two or three simple symbols. Such as tree, drama, difficulty, music, opposition, view, Liu, Qi, Qiao, Feng, District, Ying, Xing, Convergence, Interpretation, Luo and Lao. These are popular folk characters. The simplified characters used now are further improved on the basis of the commonly used characters, ancient Chinese characters and cursive scripts in the previous generation. Many characters are merged into another word when simplified, which are divided into three categories:
One is to replace compound words with existing simple words, such as "Hou" (such as empress, empress) instead of "Hou" and "Dou" (such as Dai Li, Cape, Beidou) instead of "Zhu" (Dü u).
The second is to replace two or more words with a new simplified word, such as "Fa" (fā, such as development) and "Qi" (fà, such as,) merged into "Fa", "Calendar" (such as calendar) and "Calendar" (.
Third, partial merger, that is, loading part of the meaning of one word onto another word with simple strokes, still retaining other meanings of the word, such as: excuses, relying on "borrowing" to simplify it into "borrowing", and comforting and messy borrowings are still used; In order to read Li O (understanding), it is simply called "music", and reading Li O (looking out) is simply called "music". Gan Kun and Gan Long's "Gan" is pronounced as "qián", not simplified as "Gan"; The "sign" of the feather sign of the suprauterine horn is not simplified as "sign" when reading zhǐ (stop).
These three methods sometimes combine words that have nothing to do with source and meaning, or even have different pronunciations, which have never been used or rarely used in history, so they are easily misunderstood. For example, "Kuo" is likely to be misread as "Shi", and "Shu" of Atractylodes macrocephala is likely to be misread as "Shi" and "Ye".