Spring and Autumn Annals is a Confucian classic, which records the history from the year of Lu Yin (722 BC) to the fourteenth year of Lu Aigong (4865438 BC+0 BC), and it is also the earliest chronological history book in China. The historical materials of Chunqiu are of high value, but they are not complete. Wang Anshi even said that Spring and Autumn Annals is? Scrap newspaper? .
In ancient China, spring and autumn were the seasons when princes hired royalty. In addition, Spring and Autumn also represented the four seasons in ancient times. And what is recorded in the history books are all major events that happen all the year round, so? Spring and autumn? Is a general term for history books. The official name of Lu's history book is Chunqiu. Traditionally, Chunqiu is regarded as the work of Confucius, while some people think it is the collective work of Lu historians. The Spring and Autumn Annals was originally lost after the Qin Dynasty, but the current version is made up of three biographies: Zuo Zhuan, Gong Yang Zhuan and Gu Liang Zhuan.
Chunqiu is the proper name of Lu's history books. History books in all countries have proper names, such as the history books of Jin State called Cheng and Chu State called Yao (see Mencius? Li Lou "). Lu's history book is called Spring and Autumn Annals, but what about Zuo Zhuan? In the second year, he sent Han to Lu and met with Yi, Xiang and Lu Chunqiu. However, what Han Qi saw in Lv Chunqiu must have started with the narration of Duke Zhou and Ji Dan before he said:? I know the virtue of Duke Zhou, and I also know the reason why Zhou is king. ? The existing Spring and Autumn Annals only started from Lu Yingong. The original historical record of Lu's father's seclusion and helping the world has been completely lost. Chu Yu merchants also said:? Teaching Spring and Autumn Annals? That is to say, for the prince, use history books to teach him. Mozi? What's in Ming Ghost? Zhou Zhi's Spring and Autumn Annals? 、? Yan Zhi's Spring and Autumn Annals? 、? Song Chunqiu? 、? Qizhi's Spring and Autumn Annals? In other words, the Zhou Dynasty, the Yan Dynasty, the Song Dynasty and the Qi Dynasty all had history books, which Mozi had read.
1. Spring and autumn were two important seasons in the ancient times when farming was the mainstay. Spring planting and autumn harvest are the most important alternation in a year, so spring and autumn are synonymous with a year. So the literal meaning of Spring and Autumn Annals is history. It also refers to the year and time. In ancient times, it was suspected that there were no four seasons at first, only spring and autumn. What about in ancient books? A spring and autumn? Refers to a year.
2. Generally refers to history: writing spring and autumn with blood.
3. The name of the times. Named after Lu Chunqiu. Generally refers to the period from 770 BC to 476 BC.
4. One of the Confucian classics. Chronicle of the Spring and Autumn Period. According to legend, it was compiled and revised by Confucius according to the Spring and Autumn Annals compiled by historian Lu, which recorded the historical events from 722 BC to 48 1 year ago, and was the earliest chronological history book in China.
5. The floorboard of ancient history books.
At the latest, from the Western Zhou Dynasty, Taishi Zhi recorded state affairs. Do you usually write at the beginning of each season? Spring? Arrive? Autumn? The seasons of four seasons. However, the ancients attached importance to the Spring and Autumn Period, so they called the national history as Spring and Autumn Period. Spring and autumn? As the source of the names of history books. The existing Spring and Autumn Annals, which lasted for 12 generations of monarchs, counted for 244 years (according to Biography of Ram and Biography of Gu Liang, it was 242 years from the 14th year of mourning for the public, and Zuozhuan was two years longer), and it was basically the original of Lu's history books.
According to legend, The Spring and Autumn Annals was written by Confucius. Was there one in ancient times? King Wen was arrested and played Zhouyi and Zhongnieu in the Spring and Autumn Period? Said. However, later generations also have different views. Yuan Gufang, a A Qing, said in On Calligraphy in the Spring and Autumn Period that Lu was also the author of Spring and Autumn Period. Lu's books were recorded and hidden by Confucius, spreading information to later generations. Shi Yuyu's first draft of Studying Alone? "Spring and Autumn Annals" also said: "Spring and Autumn Annals" is an old chapter in Shandong history. Spring and Autumn Annals has a history of 240 years, and there must be dozens of people writing. Can these dozens of people, whose families are teachers and whose people are learners, achieve the same calligraphy? Although the author of Chunqiu is controversial, there is little difference after being revised by Confucius.
In fact, Chunqiu, as a historical book of Lu, has already gone beyond the scope of historical books. Every word has degenerated? It has become a unique style of writing, known as the Spring and Autumn brushwork, and has been regarded as a classic by literary historians of past dynasties. Spring and Autumn Annals is a national event in the Spring and Autumn Period for more than 240 years. At present, the full text is only over 16,000 words, but according to Zhang Yan of Cao Weizhong in the late Tang Dynasty, it is 18,000 words (see Historical Records? Taishi Gongxu? Collection of solutions, Xu said to see the biography of the ram? Zhao Gong's "Twelve Years of Sparse") shows that the original text of Spring and Autumn Annals has revealed more than a thousand words since the Three Kingdoms. Many important events were omitted.
Because "Spring and Autumn Annals" is a rich and colorful stroke. In order to make up for this vacancy, biographies mainly in the Spring and Autumn Period appeared later, that is, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Ram, Biography of the Spring and Autumn Guliang and Biography of the Spring and Autumn Zuoshi, which have been handed down to this day, and are called Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Period. The characters in Chunqiu Jing are basically the same in Zhuan, but there are some differences. Biographies are merged by year, and the first one is handed down. This column is a separate volume in the Spring and Autumn Period. Please read or download the other three biographies in the Thirteen Classics District of our library.