Orchid: epiphytic or terrestrial herb, with several to multiple leaves, usually borne at the base of the pseudobulb or on the lower node, bi-row, band-shaped or rarely oblanceolate to narrowly elliptical, with the base There is generally a broad sheath surrounding the pseudobulb, which is jointed. The racemes have several or many flowers, and the colors are white, pure white, white-green, yellow-green, light yellow, light yellow-brown, yellow, red, green, and purple. Since we are talking about orchids, let’s take a look at who had the qualities of orchids in ancient times, and he chose to live in seclusion.
Who in ancient times had the qualities of an orchid and lived in seclusion
The qualities orchid symbolizes are elegance, beauty, elegance, extraordinary and refined, a gentleman~
1. The gentleman comes from Confucius’ family motto: If your anger is like an orchid, it will never change, and if your heart is like an orchid, you will never change. And Confucius: Orchid should be the fragrance of the king?
2. The noble and noble quality of the world. Orchid is born in the valley, and it does not fragrant because there is no one. See also Marshal Zhu De? Even if no one sees him and appreciates it, he still enjoys his beauty. ?
3. The talented man "Zhilan Yushu was born under the steps", from the dialogue between Xie An and his nephew in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Among the characters that come to mind, the modern representative figures include Zhang Xueliang and Zhu De. Zhang Xueliang is known as General Orchid. Zheng Banqiao in the Qing Dynasty, Zhao Kuangyin in the Song Dynasty, and Xie An and Wang Xizhi in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Calligraphy works that come to mind: Preface to the Lanting Collection. Orchid Pavilion is located in the suburbs of Shaoxing today. In ancient times, it was the place where Gou Jian raised orchids and trained his troops. Later it was Wang Xizhi's villa. The core position of orchid culture was created by Confucius, although the orchid he referred to at that time referred to all fragrant and flowering grasses, not just today's orchid plants. Since ancient times, people have regarded orchids as a symbol of nobility, elegance, patriotism and perseverance. Orchids symbolize nobility. Orchids are elegant in appearance, dignified in appearance, and fragrant. They have always been regarded as a symbol of noble personality. The poet Qu Yuan loved orchids very much. In his immortal work "Li Sao", there are many beautiful lines about orchids. Orchids grow in the vestibule, waiting for the breeze. Orchids are known as "the gentleman among flowers" and "the fragrance of kings". For the Chinese, orchids also have profound national significance.
Among the traditional Chinese four gentlemen, plum, orchid, bamboo and chrysanthemum, different from the loneliness of plum, the wind and frost of chrysanthemum, and the integrity of bamboo, orchid symbolizes the temperament of an intellectual and the restrained elegance of a nation. . Therefore, it can be said that the Chinese people have deep-rooted national feelings and character identity for orchids. Orchids, with their graceful and graceful leaves, elegant and charming flowers, and their pure, distant and refreshing fragrance have been loved by people since ancient times. Therefore, in traditional Chinese culture, raising orchids, appreciating orchids, painting orchids, and writing about orchids have always been important ways for people to cultivate their sentiments and cultivate their moral character. Chinese orchids, known as the "national fragrance" and "the fragrance of the king", have become an elegant culture representative. When the orchid meets the pure land, it is not fragrant because there is no one there...it is refined! Orchid is indifferent, elegant, beautiful, noble and virtuous. Among all flowers, it has its own life-like body with unique style and character. . When an orchid comes out of the mountains, it never forgets the mountains; when it enters the city, it never falls in love with the city; when it is rich, it never forgets its roots; when it is poor, it never forgets its source. It can be said that its character is noble. Orchids are transplanted from big cities to villages and farmhouses. As long as they follow their growth rules, they can be a blessing to everyone. Orchids beautify the environment, purify the air, purify people's souls, cultivate people's sentiments, adjust people's mentality and emotions, and are unknown and dedicated to people. Orchids are quiet, unobtrusive, and have a long-lasting fragrance that is not strong. Only those who are attentive will appreciate her elegance and beauty.
Celebrities who lived in seclusion in ancient times
Tao Yuanming was born in 365 AD, a Qian, named Yuanliang, from Chaisang, Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi). He lived in the late Eastern Jin Dynasty, when politics were dark, the aristocracy was corrupt, the clan system was strict, and class conflicts were very acute. His great-grandfather Tao Kan was the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. His official rank was Grand Sima, and he was granted the title of Duke of Changsha. His grandfather and father had been officials such as prefects, but by the time of Tao Yuanming, his family had declined, so he had lived a life of poverty since he was a child. When he was young, he lived a bold life and had great ambitions. He accepted the Confucian idea of ??using the world, had the ambition to "help the common people", and hoped to make contributions.
He once wrote: "Young people are rare, and the best way to travel is in the Six Classics"; "A young man is strong and powerful, and he travels alone with his sword"; "I recall that when I was young and strong, I had no pleasure and I was happy, I had a strong ambition to travel all over the world, and I thought about distant places." ?. He was studious, knowledgeable, and wrote excellent poems, poems, and essays. However, due to the darkness of politics and the exclusion of the clan system, he was unable to realize his political ambitions. This was the reason for his failure in his official career and his tragedy.
Xiao Tong wrote in "The Biography of Tao Yuanming": "My hometown was poor, so I started to offer wine for the state; I couldn't bear the official position, so I was discharged and returned home after a few days." ?It is recorded here that Tao Yuanming first became an official in Jiangzhou when he was 29 years old. But because he couldn't bear to finish his duties, he was dismissed and went home after a short time. Later, he joined the army for the town army general Liu Yu in the third year of Yuanxing of Jin Dynasty, and the following year he joined the army for the Jiancheng general Liu Jingyi, but he returned home because of his displeasure. After returning home, farming was not enough for self-sufficiency, and with many children, there was no way to survive. Relatives and friends all persuaded him to become an official. His uncle Tao Kui once served as Taichang Qing. Seeing that he was living in poverty, he recommended him and was appointed as the magistrate of a small county. It was a time of war, and he was afraid to work far away. However, Pengze County was not far from his home, and his salary was enough for him to make wine, so he took up a post in Pengze County. After he took office, he sent a serving man to his family and wrote a letter saying: Life at home is very difficult, so now I will give you a serving man to help you cultivate the fields. He is a human being too, please treat him well. At the end of the year, the county governor came to the county for inspection. The county officials told him that he should dress neatly to greet the county governor. Tao Yuanming sighed and said: "How can I bow down to a village boy for five measures of rice!" He resigned from his post on that day. Later, he wrote the masterpiece "Returning Letters" which has been handed down from generation to generation. The poet explains the reasons for writing in the preface. He said very frankly that he was forced to take up the post of county magistrate because of his livelihood; the reason why he resigned was because his nature was natural and not earned through hard work. That is to say, I would rather go hungry than go against my will to please my boss and get involved in official circles. The poem described his determination and mood to resign: When I come back, I will never return to the countryside! Since I regard my heart as a servant, I feel melancholy and only sad. I understand that the past has no admonishment, and I know what is coming. Chase. In fact, the lost path is not far away. I feel that what is now is but yesterday was not. ?Tao Yuanming resigned from office and went into seclusion, which was a powerful resistance to the dark reality. However, some optimistic thoughts in the article are not advisable. The language of this article is fresh, simple and natural. Narration, scene description, and lyricism are organically combined. The emotions are true and full of lyrical meaning. Ouyang Xiu, a famous writer in the Song Dynasty, once praised: "There are no articles in Jin Dynasty, only Tao Yuanming's "Returning to Lai Ci". ?Tao Yuanming wrote in "Returning to the Countryside to Live in the Countryside? Shao Wu has no Suitable Rhythm": ?I accidentally fell into the dust net and was gone for thirteen years. ?
It has been 13 years since Tao Yuanming held a memorial ceremony for the state at the age of 29 to Peng Zejin resigned. He couldn't stand the political corruption at that time, which ended his official career. Tao Yuanming's last 20 years of pastoral life was different from the seclusion of other hermits in the mountains and forests. Tao Yuanming's seclusion is a kind of resistance to the dark reality and reflects his dissatisfaction with reality. This is not the same as escaping reality. This is reflected in his poems, such as "Returning to the Countryside" and "Drinking", "The house is in the human environment", "The elder was once an official"; "Young and strong" in "Ancient"; "The work in the middle of the twelfth month of the year of Guimao", "Reciting Wine" and "Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas", "Ju cunning is violent and violent", "Jingwei holds the title of Weimu": "Miscellaneous Poems"? Bai Ri Lun Xi A?; and "Yong Jing Ke" and so on. In these poems, the poet sang: "You have no suitable rhyme, and your nature loves mountains and hills." I accidentally fell into the dust net and was gone for thirteen years. I love myself and return to the forest, and the fish in the pond miss my old abyss. ?After being in a cage for a long time, he can return to nature. ?In just a few sentences, his disgust for official career was palpable. ?The green pines are in the east garden, and all the grasses are in their posture; the frost has covered the strange ones, and the tall branches are outstanding. Even the people in the forest don't realize it. It's a wonder that a single tree has many people. ?Here, the poet compares himself with a green pine. Although he is "outstanding and has high branches", in that era of strict sectarian system, people were still unable to make full use of their talents and materials. Also, the sun and the moon throw people away, and those who have ambitions will not be able to achieve success. Thinking about it is sadder than thinking about it. The final dawn cannot be quiet. ?My husband has ambitions all over the world, and I don’t want to grow old. ?Although he saw that his ideal could not be realized, he was still unwilling to accept old age and wanted to continue his career and make contributions.
As for "Ode to Jing He" and "Reading the Classic of Mountains and Seas", the poet reflected the poet's own thoughts of resisting the dark reality by praising the fighting spirit of ancient heroes, and showed his "King Kong-glaring" side. It shows that he has not forgotten reality, nor has he given up on his great ideals.
Another obvious feature of Tao Yuanming’s pastoral life is that he was able to personally participate in productive labor, get close to the working people, and praise labor. At that time, the social literati despised labor, which in itself was progressive. meaning, but also gives his pastoral poetry a flavor of working life. It is indeed not easy to participate in labor, respect working people, live with working people, and feel great fun. The two poems "Guimao's Beginning of Spring Huaizuo Farmhouse", "Returning to the Garden and Living in the Fields", "Getting Early Rice in the West Field in the Mid-September of Gengshu", etc. all describe the poet's participation in labor: "In the past, I heard about the Southern Miao. Not practiced yet. If there are people in the sky, how can spring be inevitable? In the early morning, I pretended to be my driver, and my feelings for Qi Tu were already deep in my heart. ?At the foot of the southern mountain where beans are planted, there are few bean seedlings in the grass. I wake up in the morning to sort out the wasteland and filth, and return home with a hoe in the moonlight. ?Starting the spring management and regular business, the annual achievements will be considerable. I go out in the morning and work hard, and the Japanese come back with my burdens. ?Wen Yuan looked like this, Gong Geng was not impressed. ?As a poet in feudal society, he was able to go out early and come home late to work hard, and he had to be like this for a long time. This is still rare in the history of Chinese literature. This is not only the meaning of labor itself, but also a change in the concept of labor. ?Life is in the right way, and food and clothing are proper. The poet here promotes the truth of relying on labor to eat. This view is indeed very rare. His feelings for the working people are also very sincere: "When we get together and return home, we will work with our neighbors"; There were no other words when we met, but there were many mulberry trees and hemp trees on the road. When I heard the door knocking in the early morning, I poured out my clothes and opened them. When asked who he loved, Tian's father had a good idea. The pot and wine cup are far away, and I doubt that I am keeping up with the times. ?From these poems, we can see the close relationship between the poet and the working people. They chatted and drank together and talked about everything.
The poet also eulogized the pastoral scenery, which is also a major feature of Tao Yuanming's poetry. The difference from what was written by literati in the past dynasties is that he did not beautify reality, nor did he purely appreciate the pastoral scenery, but compared the pastoral scenery with the dark official life: "The square house has more than ten acres, and there are eight or nine thatched houses. In front of Taoliuo Hall. In the warm distant village, the smoke in Yiyi's ruins; in the deep lanes of dogs, cocks crow on top of the mulberry trees. ?The pastoral scenery written here is so beautiful. No wonder later generations call him the sect of reclusive poets and founded the pastoral school. His evaluation is indeed very high. In fact, this is only one aspect of the problem. Idyllic life is not so wonderful. It often encounters natural and man-made disasters. Even poets are hungry in summer and sleepless in cold nights. ?Not to mention the vast number of farmers who are even poorer than the poets. The poet writes in this way to sharply contrast the beautiful and simple pastoral scenery with the dark and dirty official life, effectively exposing and criticizing the hypocrisy of Jiatu. He compares the opposite path in darkness to a "lost road" and a "cage", and he compares his own wrong path to a "fettered bird" and a "fish" in a pond, suffering from the same lack of freedom. So he decided to return to his hometown and regain his spiritual freedom. Moreover, the poet is not at peace in his heart. He once wrote, "My strong ambition is to travel all over the world, my cold mind is far away", "My husband's ambition is to the world, I don't want to know my old age", which shows that this is the poet's "true meaning".
Tao Yuanming is a master of pastoral poetry. In fact, we should pay more attention to his political ideals. His political ideal is "Utopia". The poet got close to the people in the countryside and understood the people's hunger. He was also dissatisfied with the darkness and hypocrisy of the official career at that time. He wrote: "It has been a long time since Xi Nong left me, and the world has become less true." Looking for?. He based on the situation of people in the northwest escaping from the tyranny of the Qin Dynasty, and also based on the records in the "Three Kingdoms": Xu Wu, a native of Tianchou, lived in a deep and dangerous camp in the open land, farming to support his parents. The people returned there, and within a few years there were more than 5,000 families. Based on these rumors, the poet vividly expressed his ideal in "Peach Blossom Spring". In this "society", "spring silkworms gather filaments, autumn ripens waste the royal tax"; "heavy children sing songs, and grizzled fingers roam". , everyone is happy and happy. There is no exploitation or oppression here, everyone works, and everyone lives a prosperous and peaceful life. This paradise reflects the beautiful wishes of poets and working people.
It was in sharp contrast to the dark social reality at that time. There is no doubt that this is also the poet's denial of feudal society. This ideal was of course impossible to realize under the social conditions at that time, but its progressive significance cannot be denied. Although there is the influence of Laozi's thought of a small country and few people, it is the crystallization of the poet's practice of rural life after returning to the fields and the result of the further development of his thoughts. This ideal has been longed for by people with lofty ideals and benevolence in the Chinese nation for thousands of years. It is a precious cultural wealth of the Chinese nation. For this reason, Tao Yuanming is a great poet and should occupy an important position in the history of Chinese literature. Some people in the past regarded him as a calm and tranquil figure who was completely divorced from reality. This was wrong. As Mr. Lu Xun said: "Tao Qian is great just because he is not completely silent."
Tao Yuanming’s family was in a very difficult situation during his farming life. He wrote in the poem "Composed by a Meeting": "When you are weak, you will be hungry at home, and when you are old, you will be more hungry; the rice is really enviable, who dares to admire the sweet and fat!" In the preface of this poem, he wrote: "Old The grain has gone, and the new grain has not yet been harvested. He is quite an experienced farmer, but at the time of the annual disaster, the sun and the moon are still long, and the trouble is not over. ?It shows how sleepy his life was! In this year, 426 AD, Tan Daoji, the governor of Jiangzhou, went to visit him. He had been lying hungry at home for a long time. Ji, who was good at Taoism, said to him: "A virtuous man lives in the world. If there is no Tao, he will hide, but if there is Tao, he will reach the world. Today, in a civilized world, how can you suffer like this?" He said, "How can you dare to look for the virtuous? You can't live up to your ambition." ?Shan Daoji gave him some food. Tao Yuanming also wrote in the poem "Begging for Food": "Hunger comes and goes to test me, but I don't know what to do. When I walk to Sri Lanka, I am clumsy in my words." The master understands his intention, but the legacy is not in vain. ?The poet wrote three "Elegies" and one "Self-Sacrifice" in his hardship. He passed away in 427 AD at the age of 63. It is a tragedy of the times that a great poet met such a tragic end. The poems he left us have had a profound impact on future generations. His character of not giving in to five buckets of rice and being unconventional has been admired by many upright and progressive writers and people in later generations. Of course, the impermanence of life and optimistic attitude towards life in his poems have also had some negative effects. There is "Tao Yuanming Collection" handed down from generation to generation.