Secondly, from the font characteristics of the "Daren Temple Gate Monument", the evolution process of "Ba Li Fen" is explored.
What is "official eight points"? "Xuanhe Pu Shu" says: "Many people say eight points. On the one hand, Wang Cizhong of Shanggu in the Eastern Han Dynasty changed the word "Li" to "Kai Law" and changed it to "Eight Points". This is Cai Xi's comprehensive statement. A yue to official script eight points to take two points, to seal script two points to take eight points, so it is called eight points, this call father Lang Yongyu also ... "
Li Bian is a watershed of modern ancient Chinese characters, and it is also an extremely important point in the development of calligraphy.
From the difference between the specific glyph stippling of the gate tablet of Daren Temple and the previous generation, we can see how Chinese characters developed from Guli and Han Li to Fen, Ba Li.
1, East: The shape of the word "East" in Sun Tzu's Art of War is similar to that of seal script, and the last stroke has the meaning of division, and the whole word is vertical; The horizontal picture of "East" in Juyan Han bamboo slips has always been straight, the middle part is square, and the whole word has always been horizontal. There are four horizontal pictures, and the horizontal picture is the main one in the word. The word "East" in the "Daren Temple Gate Monument" is deliberately shortened in four horizontal paintings, exaggerated in painting and painting, and symmetrical in left and right.
2. Its: The main strokes of the word "Qi" in Xiang Ma Jing are basically horizontal paintings, and the structure is vertical paintings; The word "Qi" has obviously taken a horizontal trend in bamboo slips, and the horizontal painting of the word "Qi" in the gate tablet of Daren Temple has become an obvious main pen, which has three processes, namely "twists and turns". The top is convex, the middle is high and the two ends are low, and the silkworm head and goose tail are symmetrical.
3. An: "An" has the meaning of seal in Xiang and Sun Bin's Art of War, taking the vertical or oblique trend and extending the pen to the lower right or below; In the Han bamboo slips of Juyan and Dingxian, the word "An" is horizontal, with horizontal painting as the main stroke and pointing to the right; The word "An" on the gate tablet of Daren Temple is exaggerated and symmetrical.
4. Ling: The word "Ling" stands vertically in Yunmeng Longgang Bamboo Slips, and the last stroke goes down to the right; The word "ling" has been taken in the vertical position in Zhangjiashan Han bamboo slips, and the last stroke has been dragged down to the left; The word "ling" in "Fifty-two Diseases Prescriptions" has a strong meaning, and the last stroke is vertical; The last stroke of the word "Ling" in the story of Spring and Autumn Annals and Sun Bin's Art of War is shortened, and the whole word is basically vertical; The word "ling" in Juyan Han bamboo slips has obviously taken a horizontal trend, and the last stroke has been reduced to one point; The word "Ling" in "The Gate Monument of Daren Temple" is tightened in the middle part, exaggerated and choosy, flying from side to side.
Through the analysis of the above typical glyphs, we further realize that:
1. In ancient times, the straight lines carved by Li people (such as bronze carvings and stone carvings) were used to transform the "ornamented pattern" of seal script, and the vertical pattern of seal script was changed, and efforts were made to highlight the horizontal painting, which varied with the font size and generally had a longer font.
2. The sign of the transition from Guli to Han Li is to take a horizontal posture. Han Li's font is flat, and the strokes and strokes spread to the left and right, instead of spreading to the lower left or right as Coulee did. The most typical features of Han Li are horizontal and vertical. The horizontal painting has a wavy tail, but there is no silkworm head, so it is generally not pressed.
3. When Guli Han Li's pen-picking, pen-holding and horizontal pen are consciously combined into one word, and symmetrical distribution is emphasized, it marks the formation of formal stereotyped writing. Official script is dignified and standardized, and each word is an independent and self-sufficient system. Shu's center of gravity is stable, and there is no need to adjust the upper and lower characters. Compared with, the pressure of Li stereotyped writing is more exaggerated and obvious; The horizontal paintings of Ba Li's sub-books developed in Han Li, but they are more abundant than those in Han Li. There are three processes: starting, carrying and collecting pens. The so-called "three twists and turns" ("silkworm head and goose tail" is its typical feature). Balishu's horizontal paintings are "hollow", often protruding upward, with the middle high and the two ends low, and the silkworm head and goose tail are symmetrical. Once Ba Li's sub-book was formed, it was deeply loved by people and was designated as a standard style.
Third, the conclusion
Through the above investigation, we can draw the following views:
① The development of official script has experienced three stages: Guli, Han Li and Ba Li. Han Li was formed in the middle and late period of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty and matured in the period of Emperor Xuan Di of Han Dynasty. The method of Ba Li was formed in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, and it was quite mature at the end of the Western Han Dynasty. It flourished again in the Tang Dynasty.
(2) Li's eight-part essay has existed for a long time since it was born, which is Li's theory of eight points and two lines.
(3) The difference between Han Li and Ba Li chalk pens is that one hand moves the arm and the other hand moves the elbow. "Flat and wide knot" inherited Korean legislation, and "oblique and tight knot" inherited Ba Li's separation method, which began in the Han Dynasty.
The gate monument of Daren Temple is a rare masterpiece of official script, which has high academic and historical value. We have the responsibility to protect it as much as possible and leave it to future generations.
(Editor: Wang Huafeng)
Date of submission: 20 12-07-02