? Du Shenyan was a famous poet in the early Tang Dynasty, who played a great role in the final shaping of five-character verse. His other identity is Du Fu's grandfather.
? Du Shenyan wrote mostly five-character poems. "New Book of Tang" records 10 volumes of "Collection of Du Shenyan", but only less than 50 poems have been circulated to this day.
1,
? Du Shenyan's most famous poem is "Wandering with Lu Cheng in the Jin Mausoleum in Early Spring":
Only eunuchs travel,
p>
New phenology.
The clouds rise above the sea and dawn,
The plum trees and willows cross the river in spring.
Shu Qi urges the yellow bird,
The clear light turns to green apple.
Suddenly I heard the ancient tune of the song,
I felt like thinking about it.
? Jinling, present-day Changzhou, Jiangsu Province. At that time, Du Shenyan was serving as a minor official such as county magistrate or county lieutenant in Jiangyin County, and he had contacts with the county magistrate named Lu in Jinling. The poet wrote about traveling with Lu Cheng and other friends in the early spring of Jiangnan. The air was fresh and the scenery was unique. This should be a pleasure, but after all, I am an "official traveler", so I always think about returning home. This trace of unhappiness is written with special affection, and is full of complaints outside the poem.
? This poem is fresh, natural, and lively. It must be included in any anthology of Tang poetry.
? Similar to this poem, there is "Returning with Love in Spring":
My heart is sad and looking forward to returning,
Returning in spring is different from previous years.
Rivers and mountains learn from Wei Que,
Sangzi recalls Qinchuan.
Flowers and birds in the garden,
The wind and the smoke of the green fields.
A place of greater joy,
Beside the Chemaluo Bridge.
? This was written by the poet after he was demoted, expressing his desire to return to Luoyang. The spring scenery is still beautiful ("flowers and birds in the garden, wind and green field smoke"), but what I think about is "returning home".
? Du Shenyan became a Jinshi at the age of 25, which was considered young. Although he never became a decent official, his official career was smooth. He was a minor official such as county magistrate and county lieutenant, and later became Luoyang magistrate. In the imperial court, he served as a Zuo Lang, a member of the Food Department, and a director of the Imperial College. Before his death, he was a direct bachelor of Xiu Wen Guan. He was demoted twice, once to Jizhou (now Ji'an, Jiangxi), and once to Fengzhou (now part of Vietnam), but the time was not long, and Liu Yuxi, who was "in the desolate land of Bashan and Shushui, was separated for twenty-three years" , Liu Zongyuan, who lived in Yongzhou and Liuzhou for fourteen years and finally died in Liuzhou, is simply incomparable.
? However, Du Shenyan liked to write about traveling and homesickness. It was originally quite a miserable thing, but the writing was full of scenery. The misery lies outside the poem, forcing you to accept it.
2,
In the first year of Shenlong (705) of Emperor Zhongzong of the Tang Dynasty, Prime Minister Zhang Jianzhi and other ministers launched a mutiny in the Ziwei Palace in Luoyang, the eastern capital, to support the crown prince Li Xian and force Wu Zetian to abdicate. Two days later, Wu Zetian abdicated and Li Xian was restored to power. Du Shenyan was exiled to Fengzhou because he befriended the brother of Zhang Yizhi, Wu Zetian's sycophant. This was the second time he was demoted and sent to an extremely remote place like Fengzhou.
When Du Shenyan was crossing the Xiangjiang River on his way to Fengzhou, he wrote the poem "Crossing the Xiangjiang River":
Chiri Garden is sad for the past trip,
The flowers and birds are worried this spring.
I only pity the people of Beijing who are fleeing southward,
It is not like the water of the Xiangjiang River flowing northward.
? At that time, spring was coming to the earth, and the river was flowing northward, but the poet had to go south alone. Thinking of past spring outings and comparing them to the present, I can't help but feel sad. "I only pity the people of Beijing who are fleeing southward, unlike the water of the Xiangjiang River flowing northward." It seems normal at first reading, but after careful reading, you can see the poet's melancholy image.
? The early Tang Dynasty was the initial stage of Qijue. Du Shenyan's "Crossing the Xiangjiang River" had a great impact and opened a new trend in poetry. Hu Yinglin, a great poetry critic of the Ming Dynasty, commented, "The seven-character poem in the early Tang Dynasty first changed to Liang and Chen, but the rhythm was not harmonious and the rhyme was still lacking.
But Du Shenyan's two poems, "Crossing the Xiangjiang River" and "Gift to Su Wan," are of natural craftsmanship and delicious flavor."
? After traveling all the way to Fengzhou, what is this place like? Can Du Shenyan be content with the situation? Just look at his "Living in Annan":
The wind weather is special in Jiaozhi,
The cold is late and the warmth is coming
The mountain fruits are ripe in mid-winter.
Wild flowers bloom in the first month of the year.
Accumulated rain creates fog,
Light frost and thunder.
My hometown is thousands of miles away. p>
Guests think twice as often as they do
? This was written by Du Shenyan in a guest house or inn when he was on his way to Fengzhou and passing through Annan (now Hanoi, Vietnam). The language is as plain as vernacular, and the style is simple. Simple and natural.
He has never been to such a southern place, so everything he sees is strange: in terms of seasons, the fruits are ripe in winter and bloom in the first month ("The fruits are ripe in the mountains in mid-winter, and the wild flowers bloom in the first month"). "); in terms of the weather, it rains constantly, the fog is misty, and there are thunders in winter ("Accumulating rain creates fog, and light frost shakes thunder."). The poet grasps several representative phenomena in the new environment and adds a little bit of color to them. It is full of interest. On this basis, it expresses homesickness and forms a strong contrast.
? Among Du Shenyan's travel poems, "Deng Xiangyang City" is also very famous. A poem describing scenery, nostalgia and homesickness:
Travelers arrive in autumn,
Layers of the city spread out in all directions
Chu Mountain comes out across the ground,
< p> The Han River connects to the sky.The crown is not new,
Zhanghua is the old platform.
The scenery of Xichi is unique.
< p> The road back is full of dust.? This poem was also written on the way to being demoted.
? The poet was already depressed in the third autumn and was in a foreign land, but the poet should have been even more sad. Climbing the Xiangyang City Tower and looking into the distance, one can see the vastness of the sky and the earth, the majestic fields in all directions, and suddenly one's mind is enlightened: "Chu Mountain rises across the earth, and the Han River flows back to the sky. Hu Yinglin commented on this couplet and said: "Hong Yi is majestic and vigorous, and Shaoling's family style is gentle." ”
? Mountains and rivers are eternal, but life is short. When the poet climbed the building, he thought of two historic sites not far from Xiangyang: Zhanghuatai and Guangeli. The Zhanghuatai built by King Ling of Chu in the Spring and Autumn Period is the most beautiful. Luxurious, high-ranking officials and dignitaries gathered in the Han Dynasty. Nowadays, they are just a drop in the long river of history. How can the glory and wealth last? So, what can be passed down through the ages? So the poet said, "The scenery of Xichi is unique." . This "Xichi" refers to the former residence of Xi Zhezhi, a historian and writer of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. He was proficient in history, Buddhism and metaphysics. His works include "The Spring and Autumn Period of Han, Jin Dynasty", "The Biography of Yiren Gaoshi" and "Xi Zhezhi". "Collection" and so on have far-reaching influence. Xi Chi is beautiful, upright and knowledgeable, so many people come to visit and play in Xi Chi. However, the poet does not directly say that there are many tourists, but expresses it through "the return road is full of dust". The scene of busy traffic. The word "return" not only describes the return of tourists, but also implies the return of oneself. On the way to relegation, when is the return journey?
"Spring in the Capital" is Du's poem. Shen Yan wrote this in his later years. He was already in the capital city of Chang'an, but he longed for Luoyang:
This year I am traveling alone in Qin,
I am worried that spring is not spring.
< p> There are no flowers in Shanglin Garden,There are new leaves in front of the Xiliu Camp
You should enjoy yourself in Nanqiao,
How many guests will stay in the west of the general? .
A message to the beautiful scenery of Luocheng,
The beauty of spring will be restored next year
In the poem, Du Shenyan expresses his longing for Luoyang in Chang'an. In the early Tang Dynasty, when seven-character rhyme poetry was still immature, this poem was definitely top-notch.
The poet was alone in Beijing ("Wandering Alone in Qin"), and he was quite "alone". The feeling of "being a stranger in a foreign land" and this loneliness made him "sadly miss the spring when it is not spring." The spring scenery is charming, but he has no intention of enjoying the scenery because of his homesickness.
The poem ends with a novel idea. The poet sends a message to Luoyang: When we get together again next spring, we must give me back a more beautiful spring scenery.
? I felt homesick when I was demoted, I felt homesick when I was an official in a different place, and I even felt homesick when I was an official in the capital Chang'an. Isn't it a bit hypocritical? Why don't you just find something to do in your hometown and don't come out? no! They also want to realize their ambitions.
In fact, not all of Du Shenyan’s travel poems are about homesickness. Some of them describe scenery and feelings, and are full of love for mountains and rivers.
In the first year of Xianheng (670), Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty, Du Shenyan was promoted to Jinshi and became Xicheng Wei. When he was in office in Xicheng County (today's west of Fenyang, Shanxi, not today's Xi County), he went on a business trip to Lanzhou (today's northwest of Lan County, Shanxi). This is what he wrote in "Jing Xing Lanzhou":
Spring is late in the north,
The climate in the border town is cold.
The flowers that come and go do not bloom,
The old and new snow is still lingering.
You can listen to the water as a harp,
See it in the mountain paintings.
Self-consciousness leads to long-distance work,
Difficulties and dangers promote the saddle.
? Xicheng County is not far from Lanzhou, but Lanzhou is surrounded by mountains on three sides and is colder than Xicheng. It was spring when the poet went to Lanzhou and back. At that time, Xicheng was already full of red flowers, green willows, and fragrant peaches and plums. However, the winter in Lanzhou had not gone away, and only the lingering snow and no spring flowers could be seen.
? Even though the spring is cold and harsh, in the eyes of the poet, the scenery of Lanzhou is still very lovely: "The water is used as a piano to listen to, and the mountains are seen in the painting." The scenery is used as a piano painting, which is pleasant to the ears and eyes.
? Although the scenery is beautiful, there are important things at hand. The poet suddenly wakes up ("self-shocked") and must not be greedy for the scenery, so he urges his horse to embark on a difficult road.
4.
? Du Shenyan had four sons and five daughters. The eldest son Du Xian was a court official and was Du Fu’s father; the second son Du Bing avenged his father. He is famous for killing his enemies with his own hands, and his story is enough to be incorporated into martial arts novels.
? Du Shenyan had a cheerful and cheerful personality, and was jealous of others at the time because he was proud of his talents. In the first year of Wu Zetian's holy calendar (698), Du Shenyan offended the powerful and was demoted to Jizhou to serve as a household secretary and join the army. Everyone felt that he was wronged, and there were forty or fifty people who wrote poems to see him off, including famous poets such as Chen Ziang and Song Zhiwen. At that time, Du Shenyan's 16-year-old second son Du Bing also went to Jizhou with his father.
During his tenure in Jizhou, Du Shenyan offended Guo Ruona, a member of the foreign affairs department. Guo Ruona went on to slander Sima Zhou Jizhong (who was a child). The two of them made false accusations and had Du Shenyan imprisoned and about to kill him. Du Bing learned that he didn't want to eat and was becoming thinner day by day. But instead of being depressed, he hatched a plan to risk his own life for revenge. He inquired about the activities of Sima Mansion every day until he found out that Zhou Jizhong held a banquet in the mansion (July 12, the second year of Wu Zetian's holy calendar). On this day, Du Bing sneaked into Sima Mansion and slowly approached Zhou Jizhong, who was exchanging cups with others. Taking advantage of his unpreparedness, he drew a sharp blade from his sleeve and stabbed him. There was a sudden chaos at the table. The soldiers in the mansion gathered around and hacked Du He to death with knives. Zhou Jizhong was dying, and before he died, he said: "I don't know that there is a filial son in the trial, but if you are naive, you mislead me."
This incident shocked the government and the public, and public opinion called Du He a filial son. After Wu Zetian heard about it, he summoned Du Shenyan to the capital, expressed condolences, and made him a writer.
Three years later, Du Shenyan collected his son’s remains and buried them in Luoyang. Du Shenyan wrote a memorial to commemorate his son, and Su Ting, the censor of Zuotai, personally wrote an epitaph for Du Bing, praising him for "securing his family and making his name famous, working hard without regard for life, doing good deeds, and still living after death." This Su Ting was extraordinary. Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was the prime minister at that time and was granted the title of Duke Xu. He was a famous politician in the Tang Dynasty. After Su Ting died of illness, the people of Luoyang missed him and recruited craftsmen to carve a life-size stone statue of Guanyin in Longmen in his image. Su Ting was also a famous literati in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. He and Zhang Shuo, the Duke of Yan State, were called "Yan Xu's generous writers".
5.
? Many of Du Shenyan’s anecdotes are exaggerated jokes.
? He once said, "My articles can make Qu Yuan and Song Yu my subordinate officials; my calligraphy and ink can make Wang Xizhi a minister in the north."
? Emperor Gaozong of Tang Dynasty During the reign of Emperor Feng, Su Weiwei was appointed as the minister of Tianguan, and Du Shenyan also participated in the selection of officials.
After the trial, he said to people: "Su Weiwei will definitely die." When people asked him why, he said: "When Su Weiwei saw my sentence, wouldn't he die of shame?"
? Once , Du Shenyan was seriously ill, Song Zhiwen and others came to visit. Du Shenyan said, "With me here, you have been suppressed for a long time." It's okay now. I'm about to die. You can breathe a sigh of relief. It's just a pity that I haven't seen anyone who can replace me.
? I really don’t know if he likes to brag or if he is really confident.
? Looking at Du Shenyan's poems and anecdotes, it seems miserable to know that he likes to write about his feelings of being alone in a foreign country. But looking at his anecdotes, he is confident, even crazy. I don’t know what zodiac sign he is, maybe he is a Gemini.