1. Du Fu (7 12-770) was born in Xiangyang, Han nationality, and later moved to Gongxian County, Henan Province. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.
Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.
Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In the second year of Gan Yuan (759), Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about the whole life and the affairs of the country. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.
The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.
Second, Han Yu (768-824 65438+ February 25th), word back. He was born in Heyang, Henan Province (now mengzhou city, Henan Province). Self-proclaimed "King of Changli County", known as "Han Changli" and "Mr. Changli" in the world. An outstanding writer, thinker, philosopher and politician in the Tang Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Zhenyuan (792), Han Yu won the top prize, was promoted twice, and was tired of supervising the imperial history. Later, he was demoted to Yangshan for deliberation and served as foreign minister, historian and China calligrapher. In the 12th year of Yuanhe (8 17), he became the marching Sima of Pei Du, the prime minister, and participated in the fight against the "Huaixi Rebellion". Later, he was demoted to Chaozhou for admonishing the Buddha's bones. In his later years, the official to the assistant minister of the official department was called the "Korean official department". In the fourth year of Changqing (824), Han Yu died at the age of 57, and was posthumously awarded The Book of Rites by posthumous title, hence the name "Han Wengong". In the first year of Yuanfeng (1078), Changlibo was posthumously sealed to worship the Confucius Temple.
Han Yu was an advocate of the ancient prose movement in the Tang Dynasty, and was honored by later generations as the first of the "eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties". He and Liu Zongyuan are also called "Liu Han", and they are known as "great writers" and "one hundred generations of literators". Later generations, together with Liu Zongyuan, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, are also called "the four great writers of the ages". His prose writing theories, such as "the unity of literature and Taoism", "moderation in speech", "doing good deeds" and "having a proper speech", have important guiding significance for future generations. He is the author of The Collection of Han Changli.
3. Yan Zhenqing (August 23, 709-784) was born in Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi 'an, Shaanxi) and Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong). Yan Shigu V, the secretary supervisor, is a grandson, and Situ Qing is his younger brother, a famous official and calligrapher in the Tang Dynasty.
In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan (734), Yan Zhenqing became a scholar and served as a supervisor in the temple. Later, because he offended Yang, the powerful minister, he was demoted to be the prefect of the plain and was called "Yan Plain" by the world. During the Anshi Rebellion, Yan Zhenqing led a crusade against the rebels. Later, he went to Fengxiang and was made a minister. When Tang Daizong was an official, he went to the official department of Shangshu Province, and a prince and a surname named him Duke Lu, which was called Duke Yan Lu in history. In the first year of Xingyuan (784), he was sent to tell the rebel Li Xilie that he refused the thief in awe and was finally slapped to death. After he was killed, Cao's heirs and soldiers of the three armed forces cried. Posthumous title Si Tuleideng, posthumous title "in the text".
Yan Zhenqing's calligraphy is exquisite and good at it. Chu Suiliang, a beginner, studied under Zhang Xu and got his brushwork. Its regular script is dignified and majestic, and its running script is vigorous and powerful, which has created a "Yan style" regular script and has a great influence on later generations. Li Zhimin, a professor in Peking University, commented: "The poems of General Pei in Yan Zhenqing are divided into souls in Chinese, which are the fusion of various forms. Pei Min's sword dance is vivid in Lu Gong's works. If you want to cure the frivolous grass, you can ask for it in this post. " Together with Zhao Mengfu, Liu Gongquan and Ou Yangxun, they are also called "four masters of regular script". Together with Liu Gongquan, they are called "Yan Liu" and "Yangu". He is also good at poetry, such as You, Ji, Wu, Ji, Lu Ji and Linchuan Ji, all of which have been lost. The Song people compiled Yan Ji.