Lu you
Lu You (1125—1210), a native of Yinshan, Yuezhou (now Shaoxing), was a writer, historian and patriotic poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, and the grandson of Lu Dian, a senior minister.
Lu Yousheng was deeply influenced by family patriotism when he was a teenager. When I was in Song Gaozong, I took the does exam, but my career was not smooth because I was rejected by Qin Gui. Song Xiaozong was born a scholar after he acceded to the throne. He used to be the master book of Ningde County, Fuzhou, the official of deleting government decrees, and the judge of Longxing House. Because he insisted on resisting gold, he was repeatedly rejected by the Lord and factions. In the seventh year (1 17 1), he joined the army and worked in Nanzheng shogunate at the invitation of Sichuan ambassador Wang Yan. The following year, the shogunate was dissolved, Lu You entered Shu and met Fan Chengda. After Song Guangzong succeeded to the throne, he was promoted to Doctor of Rites and Reviser of History Museum. Soon after, he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown for "mocking romantics". In the second year of Jiatai (1202), Song Ningzong sent an imperial edict to Lu You to Beijing, and presided over the compilation of Xiao Zong and Guang Zong's Records of the Two Dynasties and History of the Three Dynasties. His official position was to be determined. After the book was written, Lu You lived in seclusion in Yin Shan for a long time, and died in Jiading for two years (12 10), leaving the last book, Shizi.
Lu You never stopped writing all his life and made great achievements in poetry and prose. His poetic language is simple and fluent, and his composition is rigorous and orderly. He has both Li Bai's boldness and boldness and Du Fu's melancholy and sadness, especially his patriotic enthusiasm, which has a far-reaching influence on later generations. Lu You is also a brilliant historian. His Book of Southern Tang Dynasty, with bright colors and high historical value, is "concise".
Yang Wanli
Yang Wanli (112710/October 29th-1June 2006 15), whose real name was Ting Xiu, was called Cheng Zhai. Jiang Yangmian, Han nationality, was born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Tang Qiu Village, huangqiao town, Jishui County, Jiangxi Province). Minister of Southern Song Dynasty, famous writer and patriotic poet, together with Lu You, You Mao and Fan Chengda, are called "Four Poets of Southern Song Dynasty" (also known as "Four Poets of Zhongxing"). Scholars call Song Guangzong "Mr. Chengzhai" because he wrote the word "Chengzhai".
In the 24th year of Shaoxing (1 154), Yang Wanli was a scholar and worked in Song Gaozong, Xiaozong, Guangzong and Ningzong successively. He used to be a doctor in Zhifeng New County, a prisoner in Guangdong and Guangxi, a retinue of the prince, a secretary supervisor, and awarded a bachelor's degree in the library, which made Luling County the founding of the country. In the second year of Jubilee (1206), Yang Wanli died of illness at the age of 80. Dr. Huo Guanglu, posthumous title "Wen Jie".
Yang Wanli wrote more than 20,000 poems in his life, and 4,200 works were handed down from generation to generation. He is regarded as a generation of poets. He used simple language, fresh and natural, full of humor, and created a "sincere style". Most of Yang Wanli's poems describe natural scenery and are good at it. He also has many chapters reflecting people's sufferings and expressing patriotic feelings. He is the author of Zhai Chengji and so on.
Su Shi
Su Shi (1037 65438+10.8-124.8), whose real name is Zi Zhan, also known as He Zhong, is a Taoist priest of tin cans and a layman of Dongpo, and is known as Su Dongpo and Su Xian in the world. Han nationality, a native of Meishan, Meizhou (now Meishan, Sichuan) and Luancheng, Hebei, was a writer, calligrapher and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he was known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname, posthumous title "article".
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. His writing is arbitrary; His poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and healthy, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique in style. He is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. His words are bold and unconstrained, and they are both bold and unconstrained representatives with Xin Qiji, and they are called "Su Xin"; His prose creation is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi is also good at books and is one of the "Song Sijia"; He is good at painting, especially at ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Yi Zhuan of Dongpo and Yuefu of Dongpo.
Huang tingjian
Huang Tingjian (1045.8.9-1105.5.24), whose real name is Lu Zhi, is a Taoist in the valley, and his late name is Fu Weng. Born in Fenning, Hongzhou (now xiushui county, Jiujiang City, Jiangxi Province), he was a famous writer and calligrapher in the Northern Song Dynasty and the founder of Jiangxi Poetry School. They, Chao and Qin Guan all studied under Su Shi, and they are collectively called "Su Men Four Bachelor". He was as famous as Su Shi before his death and was called "Su Huang" by the world.
He is the author of Valley Ci, and Huang Tingjian's calligraphy is unique and is one of the "Song Sijia". Professor Peking University and pioneer Li Zhimin commented: "Huang Tingjian attracts cranes into the grass, strong and easy to swing, with a new realm."
Wang Anshi
Wang Anshi (102 1 year1February 81May 2, 0861day), a native of Linchuan (now Linchuan District, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province), was a famous thinker and thinker in the Northern Song Dynasty.
Li Qing two years (1042), Wang Anshi Jinshi. He has successively signed judges in Yangzhou, magistrate in Yinxian and judge in Zhou Shu, and achieved remarkable results. In the second year of Xining (1069), he served as a political commissar, met with the Prime Minister the following year and presided over the political reform. Because of the opposition of the old school, Xining went on strike for seven years (1074). A year later, Song Shenzong was put into use again and retired to Jiangning. In the first year of Yuan You (1086), the Conservative Party gained power and all the new laws were abolished. Yu Ran died in Zhongshan and was posthumously given to a teacher. Shao Shengyuan (1094) was named "Wen", so he was called Wang Wengong.
Wang Anshi devoted himself to the study of Confucian classics and wrote books, which was praised as "learning Confucianism", initiated "learning Gong Jing" and promoted the formation of the style of study in the Song Dynasty. Philosophically, he expounded the formation of the universe with the theory of "five elements", which enriched and developed the thoughts of China and ancient naive materialism. His philosophical proposition of "dividing the old from the new" pushed China's ancient dialectics to a new height.
In literature, Wang Anshi made outstanding achievements. His prose is concise, short and pithy, with clear arguments, strict logic and strong persuasiveness, which gives full play to the practical functions of ancient Chinese prose and ranks among the "eight masters of Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are "thin but difficult to learn from Du Fu" and good at reasoning. In his later years, his poetic style was subtle, profound and simple, and he was unique in the poetic style of the Northern Song Dynasty, and was known as "Wang Ti" in the world. His poems are full of nostalgia and nostalgia, with broad artistic conception and simple images, creating a unique emotional world for literati. There are Wang Linchuan Collection and Linchuan Collection.
Sima guang
Sima Guang (1 019165438+1October17-108665438+1October/. Han nationality. Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province) is a native of Sushui, who is known as Mr. Sushui in the world. Politicians, historians and writers in the Northern Song Dynasty.
In the first year of Song Renzong Baoyuan (1038), Sima Guang was admitted as a scholar and graduated from Longtuge with a bachelor's degree. When he was in Song Shenzong, he left the imperial court for fifteen years because he opposed Wang Anshi's political reform, and presided over the compilation of the first chronicle general history in the history of China —— A Mirror with Resources. After the four dynasties of Renzong, Yingzong, Zongshen and Zhezong, he was given Wen's and Wen Guogong's courtesy. Work hard and diligently. Boasting that "the day is insufficient, the night follows", his personality can be called a model under Confucian education and has always been admired.
Sima Guang wrote a lot in his life, including Sima Zheng Gong Wen, Ji Gu Lu, Su Shui Ji, Xu Qian and so on.
Ouyang Xiu
Ouyang Xiu (65438+August 20071-1September 22, 072), whose real name is Yongshu, was born in Yongfeng, Jizhou (now Yongfeng County, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province), and was a politician and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Because Jizhou originally belonged to Luling County, it called itself "Ouyang Xiu of Luling". Posthumous title Wenzhong, a bachelor of Hanlin, a deputy envoy of the Council and a political adviser, is called Ouyang Wenzhong. Tired of giving a surname and a duke of Chu. Together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan, Su Shi, Su Xun, Su Zhe, Wang Anshi and Ceng Gong, they are called "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties", and together with Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Su Shi, they are called "Four Masters through the ages".
Ouyang Xiu was the first literary leader to create a generation of literary style in the literary history of the Song Dynasty. He led the poetry movement in the Northern Song Dynasty and inherited and developed Han Yu's ancient prose theory. His high achievements in prose creation and his correct theory of ancient prose complement each other, thus creating a generation of writing style. Ouyang Xiu not only changed the style of writing, but also innovated the style of poetry. He has also made great achievements in historiography. He once majored in the Book of the New Tang Dynasty and wrote the History of the New Five Dynasties alone. There is a collection of works handed down from ancient times by Ouyang Wenzhong.
wen tianxiang
Wen Tianxiang (1June 6, 236-12831October 9), formerly known as Sun Yun, was named Song Rui with a good word. Road number floating Taoist, Wenshan people. Luling, Jizhou County, Jiangxi Province (now futian town, Qingyuan District, Ji 'an City, Jiangxi Province) was a politician, writer, patriotic poet and famous anti-Yuan minister at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Together with Lu Xiufu and Zhang Shijie, they are also called "three outstanding men in the late Song Dynasty".
Baoyu was the first scholar in four years (1256). In the year of Kai Qing Yuan (1259), he was awarded the judge of the Navy Festival. In April of the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he served as the military supervisor and also managed the bachelor's college. He was dismissed from office because he made sarcastic remarks in Jia Sidao when drafting the imperial edict. In the first year of Deyou (1275), the Yuan army went down the Yangtze River, and Wen Tianxiang ran out of money for the army, recruiting 50,000 diligent soldiers and entering Wei 'an. Xuanren was appointed as the ambassador of western Zhejiang and Jiangdong, and also known as Pingjiang House. He sent a general to Changzhou, but General Zhang Quan of Huai was defeated and retreated to Yuhang. He was appointed as the right prime minister and envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and was ordered to make peace with the Yuan Army. Bo Yan, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, was detained and escorted to the north to escape. In May, in Fuzhou, Zhang Shijie, assistant minister Lu Xiufu, right-hand prime minister Chen, etc. They established the sea strategy of going north to Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which was blocked by Chen, so they went to Nanjianfu (now Nanping, Fujian) to gather troops to resist Yuan. Jingyan attacked Jiangxi again in May of the second year (1277), and was finally forced by the situation and lost to Guangdong. In December of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng North, Guangdong). The following year, Zhang Hongfan, commander-in-chief of the Mongolian and Han armies in the Yuan Dynasty, took him to Jianshan (now Xinhui South) and ordered him to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang refused, and The Zero Crossing and Ding Yang was an ambitious book.
After Yuan Shizu was transferred to the Yuan Dynasty (now Beijing), Kublai Khan personally advised him to be the prime minister of Zhongshu. Wen Tianxiang righteously, would rather die than surrender. In the 19th year of Yuan Dynasty (1283 65438+10.9), he died in Dadu. He is the author of Wenshan Poetry Collection, A Guide to the South, Postscript to the Guide, Song Zhengqi, etc.