A pioneer in my country's oil reservoir research
Qin Tongluo's achievements in basic reservoir engineering testing, testing methods for production dynamic data, and reservoir dynamic analysis based on dynamic and static data His pioneering work is of great significance to the development of an oil field and the development of reservoir engineering theory.
When he first arrived in Yumen, Qin Tongluo worked in the engineering office led by Tong Xianzhang. Since 1946, he used Yumen Oil Mine's first imported pressure gauge, thermometer, drilling inclinometer and formation tester assembled together with Tong Xianzhang*** and other instruments and equipment to start the collection of underground data and reservoir, Analysis work on fluid physical properties and obtained the first batch of data. In the previous Yumen Oil Mine, because the oil wells had been blowing out since they were put into production, the scope of production management was limited to the ground. Qin Tongluo not only expanded his focus from the surface to the underground, but also began to measure and record the gas-oil ratio and oil production index of the produced fluid above ground. Changes in these parameters directly reflect changes in underground reservoir production dynamics. He is well aware of the importance of measuring parameters. Before each parameter measurement, he must calibrate the instruments and equipment. He personally leads the team every time he goes to the well and never neglects it. Using the large amount of data he had written down, combining surface and underground parameters, conducting in-depth individual analysis and comprehensive comparison, he wrote the article "Preliminary Research on the Dynamics of Laojunmiao Oilfield" in 1947, which was the first oil reservoir research in China. This article received the attention of leaders. Based on the analysis conclusions and suggestions put forward in the article, the scope of well drilling was expanded and the situation where well locations were concentrated at the top of the structure was changed. This played an important role in re-understanding the oil reservoir and improving development results.
In 1952, Qin Tongluo was transferred to the Yanchang Oil Mine in Shaanxi Province as chief engineer, focusing on oil production projects. At that time, the development layer of the Yanchang Oil Mine was shallower than 200m and was a tight fractured oil reservoir. Based on the current situation of the oil reservoir and the testing methods at the time, he combined reality and local conditions and came up with a way to determine the formation pressure by relying on low-yield wells. That is, after the crude oil in the well is evacuated, the relationship between liquid level recovery and time is recorded at certain time intervals. Based on this relationship curve, the reservoir pressure and basic parameters of the reservoir are determined. This method was later developed into a production well testing method, which is a branch of reservoir engineering theory. The conclusions drawn are integral to the study of reservoir and production management.
Achievements in the Battle of Daqing
When Qin Tongluo participated in the Battle of Daqing from 1960 to 1964, he concurrently served as the deputy commander of the Geological Command Post and the chief engineer of the Oil Production Command of the Battle of Daqing, and established a pressure measurement system. system, organize a monthly pressure measurement battle, draw an oil well isobaric map, and solve the problem of obtaining single-phase oil samples. He determined a series of important parameters such as the saturation pressure of Daqing Oilfield. Saturation pressure is an inherent characteristic parameter of the underground oil and gas system, which determines whether the underground oil and gas is single-phase or multi-phase. When the formation pressure is higher than the saturation pressure, it is in a single liquid state with the smallest seepage resistance; when the formation pressure is lower than the saturation pressure, it is in two phases: free gas and saturated crude oil, causing oil and gas to participate in seepage at the same time, and the effective seepage volume of crude oil A significant reduction is detrimental to production. During oilfield development, the optimal state to maintain the formation pressure level should be no less than the saturation pressure. In a huge oil field like Daqing, the saturation pressure is not the same everywhere. In particular, the difference between the saturation pressure and formation pressure of the Daqing Oilfield is small. How to obtain the saturation pressure of the reservoir under such circumstances was a difficult problem at the time. To this end, he studied a set of techniques for obtaining saturation pressure, obtained saturation pressure data in separate blocks, and established a set of methods and techniques for determining saturation pressure. His analysis and conclusions on saturation pressure are crucial to determining and maintaining a reasonable pressure level and single-well working system for the entire reservoir, as well as making decisions on some important issues during the development process.
During the Battle of Daqing, Qin Tongluo made major breakthroughs in oil field dynamic analysis in theory and practice. Commander Kang Shien believed that the oil field dynamic analysis proposed by Qin Tongluo was very important, and thus strengthened work in this area. On the basis of a large amount of practice, Qin Tongluo extended the "heterogeneous, non-piston" theory of water displacement in oil reservoirs to the Daqing Oilfield based on Soviet experience, which has a very general guiding role. He formulated a regular analysis system for oil field dynamics and organized a team. He did solid and effective work in determining the Daqing Oilfield development plan.
In the practice of working in various oil fields, Qin Tongluo enriched his experience in collecting oil field dynamic data and formed a set of testing methods; he also enriched the reservoir dynamic analysis methods. These methods are very important for guiding the subsequent oil field analysis. Development played an important role.
From the attempt of small-scale water injection development to the success of large-scale development
At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the preparation of oil field development plans had just begun. Qin Tongluo is one of the persons in charge of the preparation of the first development plans for Yumen Oilfield and Daqing Oilfield.
In 1953, the General Administration of Petroleum Administration decided to compile a water injection development plan for the Yumen Oilfield based on the suggestions of Soviet experts. 29-year-old Qin Tongluo was responsible for the engineering part, and the geological part was taken by the veteran geologist Chen Ben. In addition, There are Han Dakuang, Huang Jianqian, Yang Tongyou and Chen Zhongxiang, etc. This is the first water injection scheme design for my country's oil field development. The only water injection design available for reference is the water injection design of the Duimaz Oilfield in the Soviet Union, and the perceptual knowledge gained from visiting Romania not long before taking over the task. In the program design, the material balance method was used to demonstrate that the development of Yumen Oilfield mainly relies on water flooding. This is also the first relevant demonstration in our country. Actual development data show that the changes in formation pressure are basically consistent with the demonstration and calculation of water flooding theory. The implementation of this plan gradually restored the formation pressure, increased the annual oil production to more than 800,000 tons, and improved the recovery rate. During the implementation process, we continued to deepen our understanding and adjusted the water injection from outside the edge to the water injection within the edge. These works have accumulated valuable experience for future water injection development in Daqing Oilfield.
In the early days of the Daqing Campaign, facing such a world-class oil field, how to make macro-decisions on oil field development was a major issue. Yu Qiuli, Kang Shien and other battle leaders listened to the suggestions of relevant experts such as Qin Tongluo and Li Desheng, and determined the technical policies and measures for establishing a production experimental area. The battle leading group decided in September 1960 to use the central 22km of the Sartu Oilfield as the first production experimental area of ??the oilfield. Qin Tongluo is one of the leaders of this experimental area. On this basis, in April 1961, the Party Committee of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry decided that Qin Tongluo, Tong Xianzhang, Li Desheng, and Tan Wenbin would be the persons in charge of the preparation of the 146km area development plan for the Sartu Oilfield. The success or failure of this development plan will directly affect the development of other blocks in the oil field, and thus affect the overall situation of Daqing. Therefore, they led the planning team to implement the reservoir parameters, distribution area and structural form layer by layer. The geological reserves and recoverable reserves of the development area were calculated. We conducted an in-depth analysis and evaluation of the oil field’s geological characteristics, fluid physical properties, oil layer distribution patterns, and oil-water pressure system, and proposed the principles for dividing development layers and arranging well patterns. Based on the experience of the Yumen water injection plan and combined with the specific characteristics of the development zone, an internal cutting water injection plan for the development zone was formulated. That is, the water injection wells are located inside the oil field and are staggered with the oil wells to form a standardized grid of various uniform shapes to connect the oil areas. "Cut" to form a regular correspondence between oil and water wells between the grids. This plan creates a precedent for internal water injection in oil fields in my country. This design method has been incorporated into relevant teaching materials of petroleum colleges. As the understanding of reservoir characteristics continues to deepen, Qin Tongluo relies on his rich experience in reservoir data collection, dynamic analysis, and production management for many years. In view of the characteristics of Daqing Oilfield's low formation pressure coefficient and low gas-oil ratio, Qin Tongluo and Relevant experts jointly put forward suggestions to the leaders on the guiding implementation principles of "large well spacing, small oil nozzles, and early water injection", which were approved by Minister Yu Qiuli. After a year of intense work, they completed a draft development plan. It was discussed and adopted at the Daqing Oilfield Development Technology Symposium in May 1962. The party group of the Ministry of Petroleum Industry quickly reviewed and approved the development plan for the 146km area of ??Sartu. The implementation of the program was a great success.
When evaluating this plan, Yu Qiuli pointed out: "The first development plan and a set of development guidelines and technical policies for Daqing Oilfield were formulated entirely on their own strength without the participation of foreigners. In the development of Daqing Oilfield, this set of plans and policies were implemented and achieved great success, creating an advanced level in the world at that time." The ambition of the people has enhanced their confidence in doing a good job in the oil industry" ("Yu Qiuli's Memoirs" p. 781). After being tested in practice, the 146km development plan in the northern part of the Sartu Oilfield won the National Science and Technology Progress Special Award in 1985.
During the Battle of Daqing, in order to solve problems in oil field development, we conducted stratigraphic comparisons, comparing wells one by one, and comparing small layers one by one, so that the characteristics of each oil layer could be clearly understood. .
In "Memoirs of Yu Qiuli" he wrote: "Geological expert Li Desheng, professor Qin Tongluo, geologist Min Yu and other geological technical cadres went to the well during the day to guide work and collect information, and at night they sorted out the information in the 'ganda base' house. We carried out intensive research on oil field geology, comparing and analyzing oil layers in detail. Some comrades did not have desks, so they rolled up their luggage and worked on the paving boards, regardless of holidays. , often working until late at night. At the most stressful time, he had to compare more than 300 layers and calculate more than 30,000 times a day. Such a huge workload was all over the world
In 1954. , Qin Tongluo was transferred to the newly established Department of Drilling and Production of Beijing Petroleum Institute as director of the Oil Production Teaching and Research Office. Together with Chinese and foreign experts in the teaching and research office, Qin Tongluo, who was 29 years old at the time, took on the important task of cultivating new China's oil mining talents. He is the youngest director of all teaching and research sections. In addition to professional courses such as "Oil Reservoir Physics" and "Oil Production Engineering", he also opened a new course "Oilfield Development Design". He condensed production practical experience into theory. His diligent and persevering spirit of exploration cultivated and inspired batches of college students who were thirsty for knowledge. He worked as the director of the Oil Production Teaching and Research Office for 10 years. After that, he changed jobs several times, except when he stopped teaching during the "Cultural Revolution". In the past, the nature of his work was related to educating people to varying degrees, and he almost never stopped teaching graduate students.
In 1954, Qin Tongluo jointly tutored graduate students with Soviet experts. Two years later, he began to tutor graduate students alone. Since then, he has taken up the responsibility of professor. The honorific title of "Professor Qin" has been widely known to the leaders of the Ministry of Petroleum, to the research institutes and oil fields. Some of the graduate students he has taught have become tutors of graduate students, such as the University of Petroleum. President Ge Jiali, Director of the Institute of Geophysics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Wang Lianshen, Chief Engineer of Daqing Petroleum Administration Wang Deming, Vice President of Xi'an Petroleum Institute Li, etc. established the graduate department during his tenure as deputy director of the Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute in charge of training. This department and the Graduate Department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences are among the first non-tertiary institutions approved by the State Education Commission to be qualified to award degrees. Since its establishment, the Graduate Department has continued to grow and develop for nearly 20 years based on the principle of putting teaching quality first and carefully selecting talents. In the past few years, it has provided a large number of excellent talents to all fronts of the petroleum industry.
Actively participated in the exchanges between China's petroleum industry and foreign countries
In 1953, Qin Tongluo was transferred from the Yanchang Oil Mine to Beijing. The first task was to attend the first meeting of the China-Romania Scientific and Technological Cooperation Conference in Romania. This was the first time for the petroleum system to communicate with foreign countries. During his stay in Romania, he paid close attention to everything except completing the joint research project. In the available time, he visited several oil mines and refineries and conducted extensive exchanges on geology, drilling, experimental analysis methods, oil production machinery, workover rigs, etc. In 1957, he served as a "Science and Technology Delegation" to the China Petroleum Group. As a consultant, he went to the Soviet Union for exchanges on "long-term scientific and technological development planning". During this period, he made a special trip to the Romashkin and Duimaz oil fields in the Soviet Union to visit their internal cutting water injection and conduct oil field development, production management, production stimulation technology and other aspects. These exchanges played a very important role in the preparation of domestic oil field development plans at that time.
In 1977, a delegation headed by Barabauniu, the president of the French Institute of Petroleum Sciences, visited my country. Qin Tongluo received the delegation and signed an agreement with France on behalf of us in 1978. The first agreement on petroleum science and technology exchanges with Western countries was made.
In 1980, Qin Tongluo went to Kuwait as a special guest of Mr. Attiga, Secretary-General of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). We have a relatively comprehensive understanding of China's petroleum industry technology and the response has been very strong.
In the process of interacting with the international petroleum industry, Qin Tongluo deeply felt that it was urgent to let the world understand us, let us know the world, and open a window for communication. Shortly after the establishment of the China Petroleum Institute, he wrote to the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE) in the name of Qin Tongluo (then deputy director of the China Petroleum Institute) to establish contact with them. Since then, SPE held its first seminar in my country, with Qin Tongluo serving as chairman of the academic committee. In order to facilitate the success of this seminar, Qin Tongluo personally contacted many parties, and also undertook the translation of nearly half of the articles and the proofreading of all the papers. It took nearly a year, which can be said to be a painstaking effort.
Since then, Qin Tongluo has presided over three SPE academic conferences held in our country, and their influence has become increasingly important, marking the gradual strengthening and expansion of our foreign petroleum technology exchanges. At the international petroleum academic forum, PetroChina The world has gained the same status and voice as developed countries.
When Qin Tongluo was the vice president of the Petroleum Exploration Institute, he made arrangements for rotational English training for all technical staff in the institute to adapt to the needs of the development of the situation. This move has benefited the Petroleum Exploration Institute a lot in terms of external exchanges and sending people abroad for further study.
"You don't need to raise your whip to push yourself forward." After retirement, Qin Tongluo still serves as a specially invited expert of the Consulting Center of China National Petroleum Corporation. While ill, he drafted "Recommendations on National Energy Policy" and submitted them to the China Energy Research Association. His hard-working heart and concern for the country's energy development are clearly visible on the page. This influential amateur calligrapher in the petroleum industry is focusing his efforts on the peak of his pen until the end of the last stroke.
Qin Tongluo passed away due to illness in December 2000. He devoted his life to my country's oil industry.