China's Four Famous Buildings
●Yellow Crane Tower
The Yellow Crane Tower, known as one of the three towers in the south of the Yangtze River, was originally located at the Yellow Crane Alumni Head of Snake Mountain in Wuchang, Hubei Province. According to legend, it was built in the second year of Wu Huangwu of the Three Kingdoms (AD 223). It has been built and destroyed many times over more than 1,700 years. The last time it was destroyed was a fire in the tenth year of Guangxu in the Qing Dynasty (1884). There are many legends about the famous building, which makes it more magical.
According to the record of "Ji En Lu", the Yellow Crane Tower was originally a hotel opened by the Xin family. In order to thank her for her kindness, the Taoist priest drew a crane on the wall before leaving and told her It can come down and dance for fun. From then on, the house was filled with guests and business was booming. After 10 years, the Taoist priest came back and played the flute. The Taoist priest climbed on the yellow crane and went straight to the sky. In order to commemorate the immortal man who helped her get rich, Mrs. Xin built a tower on the site and named it "Yellow Crane Tower".
The above are of course myths and legends. During the Three Kingdoms period, buildings were built on the top of the Lujiang River. First of all, it was for military needs, but later it gradually became a tourist attraction where literati gathered, entertained guests, met friends, recited poems, and enjoyed the scenery. Celebrities in the past dynasties such as Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Jia Dao, Xia Song, Lu You, etc. have visited here successively, recited poems and composed poems. Cui Hao, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, climbed up to the Yellow Crane Tower to enjoy the scenery and wrote a famous poem "Yellow Crane Tower" that has been passed down through the ages: "In the past, people have gone on the Yellow Crane, and the Yellow Crane Tower is vacant here. Once the Yellow Crane is gone, it will never return, and the white clouds will dry up." The sky is long. The Qingchuan is full of Hanyang trees, and the grass is luxuriant. Where is the hometown, the misty river makes people sad. "Later, Li Bai also climbed to the Yellow Crane Tower, looked at the Chutian, and became a poet. , when I was about to write a poem, I saw Cui Hao's poem. I felt ashamed and had to say: "There is a view in front of me, but Cui Hao wrote a poem above." Cui Hao wrote the poem, and Li Bai wrote the poem. From then on, he became famous.
When the Wuchang Approach Bridge of the Yangtze River Bridge was built in 1957, the old site of Yellow Crane was occupied. Today, the rebuilt Yellow Crane Tower is on the Sheshan Mountain Ridge about 1 kilometer away from the old site. The building has five floors and is 50.4 meters high. It has a pointed roof and overhanging eaves, making it look like one in all directions. There are also Shengxiang Pagoda, stele gallery, mountain gate and other buildings around the main building. The entire building has a unique national style.
Inside the Yellow Crane Tower, the styles vary from layer to layer. The ground floor is a tall and spacious hall, with a caisson in the middle that is more than 10 meters high. On the front wall is a huge ceramic mural of "White Clouds and Yellow Cranes", and 7-meter-long couplets hung on the columns on both sides: The refreshing air comes from the west, the clouds and mist sweep away. The heaven and earth shake; the great river flows eastward, and its waves wash away the sorrows of the past and present. On the front wall of the hall on the second floor is "The Story of the Yellow Crane Tower" written by Yan Bojin of the Tang Dynasty, engraved in marble, which describes the rise and fall of the Yellow Crane Tower and anecdotes of famous people. There are two murals on both sides of the building inscription. One is "Sun Quan Building the City", which vividly illustrates the history of the Yellow Crane Tower and the birth of Wuchang City; the other is "Zhou Yu hosted a banquet", reflecting the activities of celebrities from the Three Kingdoms visiting the Yellow Crane Tower. . The murals in the hall on the third floor are "embroidered portraits" of celebrities from the Tang and Song Dynasties, such as Cui Hao, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, etc. They also excerpted their famous quotes about the Yellow Crane Tower. The lobby on the fourth floor is divided into several small halls with screens, with calligraphy and paintings by contemporary celebrities built in for visitors to appreciate and purchase. The top hall has long scrolls and murals such as "Ten Thousand Miles of the Yangtze River". Walking out of the outer corridor of the fifth-floor hall, you can look around and have a wide field of vision. It is nearly 90 meters above the river. The scenery on both sides of the river is vivid and refreshing. The Snake Mountain area where the Yellow Crane Tower is located has been turned into Yellow Crane Tower Park. Many flowers, plants and trees were planted, as well as some archways, pavilions, pavilions, corridors and other buildings. There is a poetry stele gallery, which houses many stones engraved with the works of famous poets from past dynasties. The ancient scenic spots in the Snake Mountain area will be restored one after another. The Yellow Crane Tower will become a symbol of Wuhan, a central city located in the heart of our country.
●Yueyang Tower
The Yueyang Tower is located in the west of Yueyang City, Hubei Province. It stands on a platform of 820 square meters. It is a majestic and majestic building that integrates history, culture, art, tourism and architecture. A masterpiece of ancient architecture. Together with the Yellow Crane Tower in Wuhan and the Tengwang Pavilion in Nanchang, it is known as China's "Three Famous Towers in the South of the Yangtze River", and together with Dongting Lake and Junshan, it is known as the "Yueyang Tower-Dongting Lake" scenic spot. Yueyang Tower was designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit by the State Council in January 1998; "Yueyang Tower-Dongting Lake Scenic Area" was designated as a national key scenic area in August 1998. It is the only scenic spot in Hunan on the eighth national golden tourist route. It is famous both at home and abroad.
Yueyang Tower was first built around 220 AD, more than 1,700 years ago. During the Three Kingdoms period, it was used as a military parade tower for Lu Su. During the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it was called Baling Tower. In the early Tang Dynasty, it was also called the South Tower. It was called Yueyang Tower. In the spring of the fourth year of Qingli in 1045 AD, Teng Zijing rebuilt Yueyang Tower and asked his friend Fan Zhong'an to write "Yueyang Tower" and embed it on the second floor. From then on, Yueyang Tower became famous.
The Yueyang Tower adopts a pure wood structure. Its shape has graceful expressiveness due to its exposed wooden beams, columns, components, and decoration. The paint that protects the surface of the wooden components gives the building structure a rich color beauty. , these fully demonstrate the unique national style of Chinese ancient architecture, embodying the wisdom and exquisite artistic talents of the Chinese working people. They have made amazing achievements in aesthetics, mechanics, architecture, materials, technology, etc., and have a profound influence on mankind. It will always be glorious in the history of civilization. When you step into the entrance of Yueyang Tower Park, the first thing you see is a couplet with blue characters on a black background: "Dongting is filled with water, and Yueyang is descending from the tower." It highly encompasses the beautiful scenery of Dongting Water and the immortal landscape of famous buildings through the ages. After passing through the ancient and tall city gate, there is a rockery and stele gallery on the left. The stele gallery was added during the overhaul in 1984. It is divided into four columns to display: record stele, pre-Republic of China stele, modern stele, and miscellaneous stele. It not only shows the history of Yueyang to the world, but also gives people the influence of history and culture. Turn back from the stone monument to the entrance of the city gate, cross the city gate, go down the stone stairs, and arrive at a platform by the water. This was the "Pointing General Platform" where Lu Su, the general of the Three Kingdoms at that time, ordered troops to issue orders. Not far from the south side of the Dianjiang Platform, there is a large iron shackle with an iron chain and the "Huaifu Pavilion" with an inscription by Comrade Zhu De. It is said that the big iron shackles were used to block the river and discharge the enemy; "Huaifu Pavilion" is where Du Fu lived in Baling. Although he was poor and impoverished, he still left immortal poems such as "Climbing the Yueyang Tower" for the descendants of Yueyang. He later died in Yueyang. The people of Yueyang built this pavilion in memory of Du Fu.
Leave the Huaifu Pavilion and go up the stairs to the Xiaoxiang Gate in Antarctica to reach the main attraction of Yueyang Tower Park - Yueyang Tower and the Sanzui Pavilion and Xianmei Pavilion on both sides. Sanzui Pavilion is located on the north side of Yueyang Tower. It is said that Lu Dongbin, one of the Eight Immortals, visited Yueyang three times and was fascinated by the beautiful mountains and waters here. He got drunk every time. When the Xianmei Pavilion was renovated in 1755, people built an additional pavilion in the drunken place and called it "Wangxian Pavilion". When it was renovated in 1987, it was renamed "Sanzui Pavilion". The Fairy Plum Pavilion to the south of Yueyang Tower is said to have been excavated during the Chongzhen period of the Ming Dynasty when the Yueyang Tower was being rebuilt and the foundation was excavated. The stone slab was as white as jade, with a branch of withered plum blossoms on one side and twenty-four calyxes faintly visible. The texture was as vigorous as a fairy painting. People thought it was a miracle, so they built a small pavilion and set up a stone in it as a memorial. The main building, Yueyang Tower, has a long history, and many literati and poets gathered here to sing poems and praise it. Yueyang Tower has been destroyed and repaired many times in history. The last major overhaul was in 1983. After the overhaul, the original structure was completely maintained, making the whole building majestic and magnificent. The entire building structure is exquisite in craftsmanship and dignified in shape. Its architecture and style can be summarized as "pure wood, four columns, three floors, and cornices." The four nanmu trees in the middle are through the ceiling and bear most of the weight of the building. The whole building is supported by Hangen corridor columns and 20 columns. They restrain each other, they are stacked on top of each other, and they support the top of the building. The shape of the building's neck resembles an ancient general's helmet, commonly known as the helmet's neck. It is rare among the buildings of the past dynasties, and it is worthy of being an artistic treasure left by the ancients!
The furnishings in Yueyang Tower are unique. Couplets written by famous writers from past dynasties are hung in the famous floor. There is a carved screen of "Yueyang Tower" embedded in each of the first and second floors. The carved screen on the first floor is a copy of the 19th century AD; the carved screen on the second floor was written by Zhang Zhao, a great calligrapher in the 18th century AD. The characters are square and square. The writing is powerful, the techniques are changeable, and the craftsmanship is exquisite. It is a first-class treasure handed down from generation to generation. The inlaid carved screen on the third floor is Mao Zedong's calligraphy of Du Fu's poem "Climbing the Yueyang Tower". The writing style is vigorous and unrestrained, with both spirit and form. The carved screen is dazzling with golden light.
●Tengwang Pavilion
Tengwang Pavilion is located on the Ganjiang River on Yanjiang Road, Nanchang City, Jiangxi. It was built in the fourth year of Yonghui (653) by Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty when Li Yuanying, the younger brother of Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty and the governor of Hongzhou, named Tengwang Pavilion. The original pavilion was quite large, nine feet high and three stories high. It is eight feet and six feet long from east to west and four feet and five feet wide from north to south. It is famous throughout the ages because of Wang Bo's "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng".
On September 9, the second year of Shangyuan (675), Yan Bo, the governor of Hongzhou, hosted a banquet for guests. Wang Bo happened to be passing by Nanchang and was also invited. Yan Ben planned to ask his son-in-law to write a preface to the pavilion to praise the guests. He first ordered people to take out paper and pen, and pretended to invite the guests present to write a preface to the pavilion of Prince Teng. People knew Yan's intention and deliberately showed humility. Refusing to write. When it came to Wang Bo, the youngest guest was unceremonious and happy to write.
When Governor Yan saw this, he was very dissatisfied. He left his seat angrily and waved his sleeves away, and asked people to monitor Wang Bo's composition and report it at any time. Wang Bo began to write: "The old county of Nanchang, the new mansion of Hongdu", Yan Wenbao laughed and said: "It's just a cliché." Then he reported: "The stars are divided into wings, and the ground is connected to Henglu." Yan said contemptuously: "It's just old things." He also reported: "Three rivers are spread across the rivers, and the five lakes are lifted up, and the wild bushes are controlled to lead Ouyue." Yan was silent after hearing this. Then several people came to report one after another, and Yan couldn't help but nod his head. When it was reported that "the setting clouds and lonely birds are flying together, the autumn water is the same color as the sky", Yan couldn't help but jump up and praise it endlessly. All the guests and friends in the house were impressed. After the full text was written, Yan's son-in-law spoke up, saying that this was an article that had been written by predecessors and was not worth mentioning. Then he recited the "Preface to Prince Teng's Pavilion" word for word in one day, making everyone present also know about it. His extraordinary memory was astonishing. After Wang Bo heard this, he secretly admired it, but then he had an idea and asked, "There is another poem after the preface. Can you memorize the poem too?" When the son-in-law heard this, he couldn't help but be speechless. Wang Bo quickly wrote the poem: "The high pavilion of the King of Teng is near the river, and the jade-wearing luan is singing and dancing. The painted buildings fly towards the Nanpu clouds, and the Emperor Zhu rolls in the rain on the west mountain at dusk. The shadows of the idle cloud pool are long, and things change and the stars move for several autumns. "Where is the emperor's son in the pavilion now? The Yangtze River flows freely outside the threshold."
After Wang Bo wrote the "Preface to the Pavilion of Prince Teng", the pavilion became famous throughout the ages. It lasted for more than 1,300 years and was destroyed and rebuilt 28 times in the past dynasties. It was destroyed by a military disaster in 1926, and only a bluestone plaque of "Tengwang Pavilion" remained. After several years of hard work by the citizens of Nanchang, Tengwang Pavilion finally stood on the bank of Ganjiang River again on the Double Ninth Festival in 1989.
The overall layout of Tengwang Pavilion has undergone tremendous changes. It has formed a large-scale antique building community with complete supporting facilities in the west of Nanchang City. Entering from the Rongmen intersection in the east, a tall four-column seven-story Song-style painted archway welcomes you with open arms. Go 50 meters inward, pass through a row of antique shops with green tiles and red pillars, and then enter the Tengwang Pavilion Park, which is wide and spacious. The square in front of the pavilion is set off by a towering and vast pavilion, and Tengwang Pavilion is completely displayed in front of your eyes. This is based on the sketch drawn by the ancient architect Liang Sicheng in 1942 and with reference to the Song Dynasty painting "Tengwang Pavilion" collected in the "Tian Lai Pavilion". The main building of Tengwang Pavilion has 9 floors, with a net height of 57.5 meters and a construction area of ??15,000 square meters. The lower part is a large pedestal about 11 meters high that symbolizes the ancient city wall. The pedestal has a "three bright and seven dark" pattern. Its two wings are symmetrical first-level high platforms. The upper part of the high platform is a verandah, and the southern end of the veranda is the "Yijiang Pavilion". At the north end is the "Yucui" pavilion. The main building has red pillars and green tiles, painted eaves, cascading brackets, and transparent doors and windows. Its facade is like a "mountain" standing against the sky, while its plane surface is like a big Kunpeng spreading its wings and about to fly.
Tengwang Pavilion has always been a place for literati to recite poems, compose poems, sing and dance, and hold banquets. Therefore, the furnishings in the newly built Tengwang Pavilion all highlight the characteristics of a cultural pavilion. The gold plaque on the main plaque of "Tengwang Pavilion" is written by Su Shi, and the long stainless steel couplet at the main entrance "The falling clouds and lonely birds fly together, the autumn water and the long sky are the same color" are handwritten by Mao Zedong. The rest of the plaques and couplets either embody the essence of ancient calligraphy or are treasures of today's famous artists. Various large-scale murals and reliefs all reflect the themes of "natural treasures" and "outstanding people". The white marble relief "The Wind Sends to Prince Teng's Pavilion" reproduces the style and grace of Wang Bo, the leader of the "Four Heroes of the Early Tang Dynasty"; ancient chimes, musical instruments, bronze sacrifices, ritual vessels, etc., add to the quaint atmosphere of the new pavilion.
Climbing the pavilion, you can have a panoramic view of the spring breeze and autumn moon. You can see the twists and turns of the antique commercial street in the near distance. The Ganjiang River and the Fujiang River converge in the west. In the distance, the sky is thousands of miles long, the West Mountain is green, and Nanpu is flying clouds. , the long bridge lies over the waves, which is refreshing.
●Penglai Pavilion
Penglai Pavilion is located in the west of Yantai City, Shandong Province, on Danya Mountain to the north of Penglai City. It has been known as the "Wonderland" since ancient times, and is the same as the Yellow Crane Tower and Yueyang Tower. , Tengwang Pavilion are also known as the four most famous buildings in the country. According to documentary records, the Dragon King's Palace and Amituo Temple were built here in the Tang Dynasty; in 1061 during the Song Dynasty, the Penglai Pavilion was built by Zhu Chu, the governor, for people to visit; in the seventeenth year of Wanli in the Ming Dynasty, that is, in 1589, the governor Li Dai A number of buildings were built near Penglai Pavilion; in 1819, Yang Fengchang, the governor of the Qing Dynasty, and Liu Qinghe, the commander-in-chief, presided over the expansion, which brought Penglai Pavilion to its current scale. Legend has it that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty visited the Shandong Peninsula many times and climbed the Danya Mountain that protrudes into the Bohai Sea in search of the "Penglai Wonderland". Later generations called this Danya Mountain Penglai. Like a fairyland, Danya Mountain stands on the seaside. The side facing the sea is a steep cliff. The texture of the rock is dark red, hence the name.
Penglai Pavilion is built on the top of the mountain.
Looking from a distance, the pavilions and pavilions are hidden among the green trees and perched high on the cliff, like a fairy palace in mythology. Below the Penglai Pavilion is the Immortal Bridge with exquisite structure and peculiar shape, which is the place where the Eight Immortals crossed the sea in mythology; on the east side are the Shangqing Palace, Lu Zu Palace, Puzhao Tower and Guanlan Pavilion; in the west wing are the Wind Shelter Pavilion, Tianhou Palace (commonly known as the Empress Palace), Theater and Dragon King's Palace. These pavilions are well-proportioned and integrated with Penglai Pavilion, and are collectively called "Penglai Pavilion". "Penglai Pavilion" is a huge ancient building complex (more than 100 rooms) covering an area of ??32,800 square meters and a construction area of ??18,960 square meters. The pavilions, pavilions and pavilions are well distributed, and the buildings and gardens complement each other. Each one is coordinated and spectacular according to the terrain. The mountains and seas are blue and the breeze is pleasant, so it has become a famous tourist area all over the world. In 1982, the State Council announced Shuicheng and Penglai Pavilion as national key cultural relics protection units.
Each building unit of Penglai Pavilion is surrounded by pavilions and pavilions of various styles, like stars over the moon. The layout of the pavilion is ingenious and integrated; the layers are layered and well-proportioned. There are a dazzling array of couplets and inscriptions in each pavilion. The main pavilion of Penglai Pavilion is a double-story wooden structure building with red windows, red doors, cornices and tiles, carved beams and painted pillars, which is simple and spectacular. Climbing up to the main pavilion, leaning on the railing and looking around, you will be surrounded by gauze-like clouds and mist, and the pavilions and palaces will appear and disappear in the cover, giving you a sense of transcendence.
The Penglai Pavilion tourist area also includes the "Water City" built in the Ming Dynasty. Penglai Water City, also known as Biwa City, is built at the foot of Danya Mountain and along the Danya cliff to the south. It is about 3 miles around and there is an artificial lake in the middle. The south gate of Shuicheng is connected to the land route, and the north gate is called Shuimen, which is the outlet to the sea. The water gate is equipped with a huge gate. Normally, the gate is hung high to allow large and small ships to enter and exit unimpeded; in case of emergency, the gate is lowered to cut off the sea channel. On the east and west sides of the water gate, there is a fort on each side, acting as horns to each other, controlling the nearby sea. Shuicheng was first built in the ninth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1376). Afterwards, it was renovated and expanded many times to form a complete and strict maritime defense system. Qi Jiguang, the general of the Ming Dynasty, once trained the navy here, directed the anti-Japanese struggle along the coast, and eliminated the Japanese invasion. Two ancient warships are parked in the city, welcoming tourists to sail in the water city and enjoy the majestic beauty of the water city.