Kunming Daguanlou is famous for its beautiful scenery and long couplets. At the same time, there used to be a Huayan Pavilion next to Daguanlou, which is also famous for its unique scenery and long association.
Let's talk about the Daguanlou, which was completed in the thirty-fifth year of Qing Emperor Kangxi (1696) and built by Wang Jiwen, the governor of Yunnan. At that time, there were only two floors, and Wang Jiwen inscribed the "Daguanlou" plaque and a couplet:
The sky mirror is flat and culvert, nearly a thousand hectares of blue, shallow and deep, drawing a picture of farming and mulberry;
Yunping has been standing, looking at the green place of Feng Wan, thick and faint, and returning to the scale of this pavilion.
According to historical records, all Wang Jiwen's calligraphy inscriptions were written by his aide, Kan, who was a gifted scholar and calligrapher in Yunnan in the early Qing Dynasty. Just because he was once used by Wu Sangui, he just acted as someone else's staff. Wang Jiwen's "Daguanlou" inscription and couplets were probably written by Kanzhao Pillow, but now there is no trace. But this couplet itself is very apt to the scenery around Daguanlou, which can be said to be the outline of the first couplet of Daguanlou in Sun Ranweng. It wrote about the clear water of Dianchi Lake, surrounded by green hills, alternating shades, shallow and profound, but it was very abstract, but Sun Ranweng embodied these scenes:
Five hundred miles of Dianchi Lake caught my eye. I am happy with the vast space! The east sees God, the west sees spirit, the north sees collaterals and the south sees mourning. It is better to choose the winner than to board the board. Ride the crab island Luozhou, combing the package in the wind and fog; It is even more beautiful, dotted with some jade feathers and Danxia. Don't be lonely. There are fragrant rice, clear sand, September hibiscus and March willow.
Thousands of years of past events come to mind. Who is the hero? I want to learn from China Ship, Tang Biao Iron Column, Song yu fu and Yuan Dynasty Leather Bag. Wei Lie played an important role in moving mountains and rivers. Draw a bead curtain building, which can't be rolled up like dusk rain; Then I broke the wreckage and gave it all to the pale smoke. Only won a few minutes, fishing in half a river, two rows of autumn geese and a pillow of frost removal.
The appearance of this pair of long couplets is about 60 years after Wang Jiwen, that is, during the middle of the Qianlong period (about 1756). It is the first in history not only in the number of words, but also in the content and writing. It is precisely because the couplets are so beautiful in both content and form that future generations dare not create them, so they can only make various revisions, such as the revision of couplets by Chen Yuechuan, a native of this province, and the revision of Two Essays in Qiuyu Temple by Liang Jinzhu, a foreigner. The most influential was Ruan Yuan, from 1826 to 1835, who was an official in Yunnan. He not only revised the couplets, but also hung them in the Daguanlou instead of the original works. It was not until he left Kunming that Yunnan people restored the original appearance of Sun Ranweng's couplets.
Interestingly, in the early years of Daoguang (182 1 years later), not long before Ruan Yuan changed couplets, there was a jingle monk who donated money to build a five-story and three-story Huayan Pavilion behind Daguanlou, and wrote a long couplet:
Layered pavilions and pavilions are empty and colorful in Yunnan. Yu Tulie's thousand peaks are arched, and ten thousand factions are in the sect; Magnificent mountains and rivers Look at the sunny haze covering the green and the fog containing smoke. Danya rises at dawn, and pines and cypresses are like cranes; The setting sun hangs in the green deer, and the apes crow in the stone factory. Take a break from your troubles and concentrate on elegance. Hall sang the praises of Ye Yun, which was pleasant and romantic. The sexual environment is leisurely, singing with each other, and pointing out the true face here when you are proud.
The building reflects the water, and the Buddha hangs on the west. Emperor Derong wrote six letters to his heart, which was quite colorful; Kunhua is a beautiful place with a clear universe. Listen to Brahma hymns and recite them in French. Laugh at the vulture ridge flowers and pass on the fragrance; Many people in Shaolin stood in the snow and received Taoist emblems. After a long period of practice, you can understand the harmony. Over the years, the Lord has made friends with his companions, but the sage has disappeared. The source of the heart is wonderful, return to dust, forget the machine, and play this great light.
Subtract four empty words "Yu" from this couplet, the number of words is the same as Daguanlou couplet, which is also 180; Its bottom couplet also emphasizes the word "heart", just like the long couplet of Daguanlou. I don't know if this is a coincidence or the author's intention. From the content, Sun Ranweng wrote long couplets with the poet's skill and historical vision, while Jingle Monk wrote long couplets with the poet's skill and Buddhist vision. The former uses the structure of parallel prose and the brushwork of poetry to form long couplets, while the latter also uses the structure of parallel prose, but uses both the brushwork of parallel prose and the brushwork of poetry. Both of them strictly abide by the sentence pattern of parallel prose, that is, the end of the sentence is flat and sticky (now people call it "horseshoe rhyme"). From the perspective of literature and art, it is natural that Sun Ranweng's long couplets can be praised by people. From the perspective of Buddhism, of course, the long couplets of Jingle monks are more popular with Buddhism.
In the eighth year of Daoguang (1829), that is, during Ruan Yuan's stay in Yunnan, the provincial judge Zhai Guangjin built the Daguan Tower into three floors, as high as the Huayan Pavilion behind it. Ruan Yuan's reunion may have been re-carved when Daguanlou was added to the third floor. Until the mutiny in the seventh year of Xianfeng (1857), during the thirty years, the Daguanlou and Huayan Pavilion, which were as high as three stories, stood by the Dianchi Lake, and the two couplet set each other off, adding luster to Kunming at that time. During the mutiny, both buildings and their plaques were destroyed by the war, and it was not until the fifth year of Tongzhi (1866) that they were rebuilt by Ma Rulong. But he only rebuilt the Grand View Tower, and Huayan Pavilion ceased to exist. After the reconstruction of Daguanlou, Ma Rulong used rubbings to engrave the original Sun Ranweng couplets written in cursive script by Lu Shutang. At the end of the couplet, the then governor Lao Shigemitsu wrote:
The Grand View Tower in South Yunnan was written by Sun Ranweng in the middle of Qianlong period, and the book Lu Shutang was serialized, which has been widely circulated at sea for a long time. Xianfeng thought, was destroyed by soldiers, no joint. Today, the Yunfeng military donated money to rebuild the Si Long Building, and the merged old expansion was handed over to the people. It is a great move for one side to win and return to the old view. It is suitable for going out of the province for the first time, so as to know its source and give the latecomers a test. Tongzhi Bing Yinchun is good at knowing the old and emphasizing the light.
Lu Shutang's cursive couplets are still hanging on the second floor of Daguanlou, which, together with Lao Sogo's postscript, explains at least two problems: First, Daguanlou's couplets were written in Qianlong, that is, 1766 or so. At this time, Sun Ranweng was about 70 years old, and he was already "poor at home" and "poor in his later years". After the couplet is written, it can only be written by others (that is, one hand is good at writing and the other hand is good at writing). Some people say that the connection between Sun Ranweng and the youth is groundless. Second, Lu Shutang's cursive script is "clearing sand", and the word "sand" is not "sand". Lu Shutang's cursive script is the same as Zhao Fan's regular script, which was rebuilt by Governor Cen in the 14th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty (1888). There is only one word "koo" in the middle, and Zhao Fan changed it to "solitary". Another article by Zhao Fan shows that he has verified that Sun Ranweng often regards "being alone" as "disappointing". When Cen Yu Ying rebuilt this building, his brother Cen Yubao also wrote a couplet:
Looking back at the sea, I think back to that year: sighing the waves and flying a hundred feet, the Yunnan sea was peaceful, and the dangerous country created a paradise again;
On this day of going upstairs: look at six imperial edicts and three beautiful clouds. From here on, I will always teach you not to stop water for waves.
Now let's talk about Ma Rulong. Ma Rulong's contribution lies not only in his restoration and reconstruction of the Grand View Tower, but also in his use of Song Xiang's poem "Three glasses of wine in your arms a thousand years ago, a water tower in Yunshan, Wan Li" to hang the short couplet on the back of the Grand View Tower. Now people praise the long couplet in front and the short couplet behind as two bright pearls. Although Ma Rulong's own creation is mediocre, he has a good eye to connect these two poems of Song Xiang.
At that time, Daguanlou was also equipped with many small buildings, and many couplets on these small buildings were very distinctive. For example, there is a couplet around the Moon Pavilion:
Where to complain about missing, autumn water is now;
How can we say goodbye? Spring sails and drizzle return home.
The smoke in the fishing house disappears and the noise is wide;
From the first day of sailing in the wild, seamounts can be seen at a glance.
There is a cloister behind the Daguanlou, and there is a "farming hall" in the east, which is linked as: clear water, fragrant rice and flowers to comfort the old farmers. There is a "singing platform" in the west, and the link is as follows: I want to call Golden Horse to go, and I want to call Blue Chicken to crow. On the corridor behind Cui Gengting, there is a plaque engraved with "Huaigu Gallery", which reads: I hope to pay tribute to Zeng Jin's remonstrance, and make meritorious deeds to posthumously award Musaiping a seal. Saipingzhang, namely Saidianchi Lake in Yuan Dynasty, presided over the construction of Songhua River Dam, Jinzhi, Kunming Yin Zhi and other water conservancy projects.
In addition to the small building, there are also some huts, either tea rooms or restaurants, which contain fish, shrimp, fruits and vegetables. Most of them are made by housewives, and guests bring tea and wine, such as "fried bait" and "fried noodles". There is a couplet in the main room:
Spring carp and autumn perch are brought to wine;
Beautiful shrimp and fat crab help to cook fresh.
However, since the 1884 Opium War, the prosperity of couplets declined with the decline of the Qing Dynasty. Therefore, the antithetical couplets of Daguanlou in this period have no development and characteristics. Only after the Revolution of 1911, due to the rapid changes of the times, Chen Can Rongchang and RoyceWong, who had studied in Japan, were reread, while Chen Rongchang wrote this couplet in 1932:
Servants hate people and swallow the sea. How to wash their breasts?
Who is not a paradise, lying hundreds of feet high, should also dream of Hua Xu.
RoyceWong's couplet is:
The rain in Yun Qi, the smoke at dusk, the world is different from ancient times to the present, only the western hills are safe and sound, always in front of us;
Snow waves swallow the sky, wind and waves roll the ground, and heroes wash away, in order to ask when to return to Yunnan water?
The couplets of Chen and Wang are just a way to vent their anguish through the Daguanlou.
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