Author: Du Mu
Jiangnan, the sound of green and red flowers, the waterside village in the foothills.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain.
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Birds are singing in the south of the Yangtze River, green grass and red flowers set each other off, and wine flags are flying everywhere in the foothills of waterside villages.
There are more than 480 ancient temples left over from the Southern Dynasties, and countless terraces are shrouded in wind, smoke, clouds and rain.
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"Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town is full of wine flags." The beginning of the poem, like a rapidly moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; You can see the villages by the water, the battlements by the mountain and the wine flags fluttering in the wind. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. " For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. This poem is wide, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" ... "He's statement is right, which is for the needs of typical generalization of literature and art, and the last two sentences are the same. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." From the first two sentences, birds are singing, red and green are set against each other, and wine flags are flying. It should have been a sunny scene, but these two sentences are clearly written in misty rain, just because the rain is different everywhere within a thousand miles. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." The resplendent and heavily built Buddhist temple has always given people a deep feeling, but now the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then sang with the sigh that "misty rain is coming", which is particularly reverie.
Brief introduction of the author
Du Mu (AD 803- 852), born in Fanchuan, Mu Zhi, Han nationality, Jingzhao Wannian (now Xi, Shaanxi), was a poet in the Tang Dynasty. Du Mu is called "Xiao Du" to distinguish him from Du Fu. Also known as "Little Du Li" with Li Shangyin. Because he lived in South Fan Chuan Villa in Chang 'an in his later years, he was later called "Du Fanchuan" and wrote "Collected Works of Fan Chuan".
2. Where did Du Mu write Jiang Nanchun? Jiangnan, Jiangnan. Historically, Jiangnan is not only a natural geographical area, but also a social and political area. There are three meanings: first, Jiangnan in natural geography, that is, south of the Yangtze River; Second, the administrative geography of Jiangnan, Jiangnan Road was set up in Tang Dynasty, Jiangnan East Road and Jiangnan West Road were set up in Song Dynasty, and jiangnan province was set up in Qing Dynasty. The concept of Jiangnan has been passed down from generation to generation. Third, cultural Jiangnan, before modern times, was basically consistent with the concept of Jiangnan road in Tang Dynasty. Jiangnan now means the combination of nature and humanity.
Jiangnan literally means Jiangnan. But as a typical concept of historical geography, Jiangnan originally refers to the area south of the Yangtze River. In ancient times, Jiangnan was once called "YueYang" and "Nanman" by the Central Plains. Later, with the southward migration of the Han nationality in the Central Plains, Jiangnan became a beautiful and rich area. In ancient times, Jiangnan often represented a prosperous and developed culture and education and a beautiful and rich southern water town, and the region was roughly divided into the south bank of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Jiangnan, representing China people's infinite yearning and hope for a better life, has become more and more important with the development of history. Jiangnan in the Six Dynasties was Jiangnan, Jiangnan in the Ming and Qing Dynasties was Jiangnan in China, and Jiangnan in modern times became Jiangnan in the world. There is no doubt that Nanjing, with the reputation of "Jiangnan Water Town, Jinling Imperial City", is naturally the representative of Jiangnan. "There is heaven above and Suzhou and Hangzhou below". There is no denying that Suzhou and Hangzhou, known as "the land of golden jade, the land of tenderness and wealth", is indeed a unique city in the south of the Yangtze River.
3. What writing techniques did Du Mu use in Jiang Nan Chun Yun? Jiang Nanchun Author: Du Lu Ying Hong, Shan Guo Jiuqi Feng.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain. The 480 temples in the third sentence used exaggerated techniques. In fact, there were not so many temples in the Southern Dynasties to show the decadence of the ruling class at that time.
Appreciation of "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and Shuizhaishan fruit wine is the flag wind". The beginning of the poem, like a rapidly moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; You can see the villages by the water, the battlements by the mountain and the wine flags fluttering in the wind.
Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting. In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land.
Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak. However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. "
For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it. The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain.
This poem has a wide meaning, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Jiang Nanchun" ... "He Huan Wen's statement is correct, which is for the need of typical generalization of literature and art, and the same applies to the last two sentences.
"Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." From the first two sentences, birds are singing, red and green are set against each other, and wine flags are flying. It should have been a sunny scene, but these two sentences are clearly written in misty rain, just because the rain is different everywhere within a thousand miles.
But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques. Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense.
While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring. The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds.
But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring. So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy."
The resplendent and heavily built Buddhist temple has always given people a deep feeling, but now the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color. This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful.
The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture. "480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity.
The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then sang with the sigh that "misty rain is coming", which is particularly reverie.
4. Du Mu wrote "Jiangnan Spring", how to recite "Jiangnan Spring" Author: Du Mu Nian: Tang genre: four categories: mountains and rivers are thousands of miles, mountains and rivers are green and red, and water towns are full of wine flags.
More than 480 ancient temples were left in the Southern Dynasties, and countless pagodas were shrouded in wind and rain. [Note] (1) Mountain Country: Mountain City.
Wine flag: A cover hung outside an ancient hotel. Thousands of miles south of the Yangtze River, birds singing and dancing everywhere, pink and green, a scene full of spring. In villages near the water and battlements surrounded by mountains, there are wine flags fluttering in the wind everywhere.
There are temples full of cigarettes, and pavilions stand in the misty rain. This song "Jiangnan Spring" has enjoyed a high reputation for thousands of years.
These four poems not only describe the richness of spring scenery in Jiangnan, but also describe its vastness, profundity and confusion. "Thousands of miles of warblers sing green and reflect red, and the water town is full of wine flags."
The beginning of the poem, like a fast-moving focal plane, swept across the southern land: the vast south of the Yangtze River, orioles singing, green trees reflecting clusters of red flowers; You can see the villages by the water, the battlements by the mountain and the wine flags fluttering in the wind. Charming Jiangnan, moved by the poet's brilliant pen, is even more exciting.
In addition to the richness of the scenery, I am afraid it is different from some garden attractions, confined to a corner, but because it is spread over a large area of land. Therefore, if there is no word "a thousand miles" at the beginning, these two sentences will be weak.
However, Yang Shen in Ming Dynasty said in Poems of Sheng 'an Temple: "Who can listen thousands of miles away? "Thousands of miles of green, who can see? If you travel ten miles, you will see green and red scenery, village Guo, balcony, monk temple and wine flag. " For this kind of opinion, He Huan Wen once refuted it in Textual Research on Poems of Past Dynasties: "Even if you make ten miles, you may not be able to hear it.
The title cloud "Spring in the South of the Yangtze River" shows that Wan Li in the south of the Yangtze River is vast, and among the Wan Li, birds are singing and reflecting the green. There are no wine flags everywhere in Shuicun Mountain, and most of the towers of the 480 Hall are in the misty rain. This poem has a wide meaning, so it is not allowed to refer to one place, so it is called "Jiang Nanchun" ... "What he said by Huan Wen is right, which is for the needs of typical literary generalization.
The same applies to the last two sentences. "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy."
From the first two sentences, it should be a sunny scene with singing and dancing, red and green setting each other off and wine flags fluttering, but these two sentences are clearly written in the misty rain. What's going on here? This is because within a thousand miles, rain or shine is uncertain everywhere, which is completely understandable. But what needs to be seen is that the poet grasped the characteristics of Jiangnan scenery with typical techniques.
Jiangnan is characterized by beautiful mountains and rivers, bright flowers, intricate colors, rich levels and strong three-dimensional sense. While reducing thousands of miles to a scale, the poet focused on the colorful scenery in the south of the Yangtze River in spring.
The first two sentences of the poem are red and green, mountains and rivers, villages and battlements, movements and sounds. But these are not rich enough, and they only depict the bright side of Jiangnan in spring.
So the poet added a wonderful stroke: "Four hundred and eighty halls in the southern dynasties, how many towers are misty and rainy." The resplendent and heavily built Buddhist temple has always given people a deep feeling, but now the poet deliberately lets it linger in the misty rain, adding a hazy and blurred color.
This kind of picture and color are in harmony with the beautiful scenery of "thousands of miles of warblers singing green and reflecting red, and the wind of national wine flags in water towns and mountains", which makes this picture of Jiangnan Spring more colorful. The word "Southern Dynasties" adds a distant historical color to this picture.
"480" is a saying that the Tang people emphasize quantity. The poet first emphasized that there was more than one magnificent Buddhist temple, and then sang with the sigh that "misty rain is coming", which is particularly reverie.
This poem shows the poet's praise and yearning for the scenery in the south of the Yangtze River. However, some researchers put forward the "satire theory", arguing that the emperors of the Southern Dynasties were famous for Buddhism in the history of China, and that the Buddhism in Du Mu's era was also a vicious development, while Du Mu had anti-Buddhism thoughts, so the last two sentences were ironic.
In fact, the interpretation of poetry should first start from the artistic image, and should not make abstract inferences. Du Mu's opposition to Buddhism does not mean that he must hate the Buddhist temple architecture left over from history.
In Xuanzhou, he often goes to Kaiyuan Temple and other places to play. I have also been to some temples in Chizhou and made friends with monks.
Famous phrases such as "Cloud Temple in Jiuhuashan Road, Liu Fuqiao in Qingyi River" and "Wandering in autumn mountains and spring rain, leaning over the temple building in the south of the Yangtze River" all show that he still enjoys the balcony of the Buddhist temple. Of course, while enjoying it, it is also possible to drift a little historical emotion occasionally.