What is the composition of calligraphy?

Traditionally, the painting method of the whole work is called "big chapter", and the layout of stippling in a word and the relationship between a word and numbers are called "small chapter". Dong Qichang in the Ming Dynasty said: "The ancients discussed books, taking composition as a major event and covering the so-called thick lines." Zhang Shen's Interpretation of Fa Shu in the Ming Dynasty said: "The ancients wrote like a composition, using words, rules and articles, and the final structure was corresponding from beginning to end. So as the saying goes, it's a deal, and a word is the end. " Liu Xizai's "Outline of Books" in the Qing Dynasty said: "The rules of a book, as small as a word and a number, as large as a few lines, a few pictures, will have a wonderful effect of avoiding each other." Rules and regulations generally include the following contents: 1. Branch layout and branch layout, that is, using artistic techniques to arrange the structure of stippling and adjust the relationship between words and lines, so that the font size of each word is Fiona Fang, forward-looking, dense and scattered, reasonable and reasonable, forming rich changes and strong contrast, and achieving artistic effects of spiritual leap and different modalities; The arrangement of words and lines should be appropriate in size, black and white contrast, appropriate in density, harmonious in reality and reality, end to end, rigorous and careful, so as to be comfortable, harmonious, rhythmic and ever-changing, so as to achieve the effect of "poor and abnormal to the end, emotional appeal vividly on paper". Second, the vitality of the work is reflected in the vitality. Generally speaking, writing works pays attention to one go, but it may not necessarily connect the words. The connection of qi pulse should be realized through the reasonable collocation of words, and it can't be piled up or separated. The characters should not only have the posture of size, length, width, pitch and look around, but also have the consistency of brushwork, so as to make the pen break smoothly and smoothly, which is neither blunt nor dead. Third, the word spacing is different from the line spacing font and book style, and the arrangement is also different. Generally speaking, the arrangement of wiping books can be divided into horizontal lines and vertical lines, and horizontal lines and vertical lines. Spacing can be adjusted according to the style of calligraphy, generally based on the arrangement method of templates learned. The composition of cursive script is more flexible, and the methods of intensive writing and interval writing are more common. The composition of official script, influenced by horizontal fonts, shows the characteristics of horizontal density and vertical thinning. The rules of seal script are opposite or the same as those of official script. The common forms of writing works are main hall, banner, couplet, banner, screen, fan, bucket, hand scroll and so on. Rules can be adapted in different forms. After choosing a certain form, the composition should be arranged according to the number of words, and it is advisable to adopt changeable techniques and not stick to one pattern to make the work full of vitality and spirit. 5. Inscriptions and seals are an important part of the overall composition. It plays the role of adjusting, enriching, explaining, setting off the atmosphere and setting off the theme. The number of words, position, content and form of calligraphy should be considered according to the blank space and needs of the overall picture, and the principle of not destroying the overall composition should be adopted. Inscription is also a creative activity, so we should know fairly well and write carefully, so that it can be integrated with the text and complement each other. It is also very important to seal the works, so that the books and seals can set each other off and increase the artistic appeal of the works. Stamping, whether it is a famous seal or a scattered seal, should be cautious, depending on the needs of the work, so as to add luster to the work and adjust the overall layout of the work.