Su Shi's life
His father, Su Xun, was the "Sue" mentioned in The Amethyst at the age of 27. Su Xun got angry late, but he worked hard. In his later years, Su Shi recalled his childhood experience of studying with his father and felt that he was deeply influenced by his father. Of course, without Su Xun's hard work, Su Shi would not have been able to get a good tutor since he was a child, let alone "learn the history of general classics, which belongs to thousands of words every day", let alone have a future literary master.
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), 21-year-old Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination in the imperial court. The following year, he took the examination of the Ministry of Rites, won the appreciation of Ouyang Xiu, the examiner, with an article on loyalty to punishment, and won the second place in the second year of high school.
In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi was awarded the judge of Fengxiang House, and he commented and signed books in Dali. Later, his father died in Bianjing, and Ding returned to his hometown. In the second year of Xining (1069), he returned to the DPRK after his term of office, and he was still appointed.
Su Shi has been away from Beijing for several years, and great changes have taken place in North Korea. After Zongshen ascended the throne, he appointed Wang Anshi to support the political reform. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they disagreed with the new Prime Minister Wang Anshi's implementation of the new law. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
On his way back to Beijing, Su Shi saw the harm of the new law to ordinary people, so he disagreed with Prime Minister Wang Anshi and thought that the new law could not facilitate the people, so he wrote a letter of opposition. As a result, like his teachers and friends who were forced to leave Beijing, they were not allowed to stay in the court. So Su Shi asked for his release and was transferred to Hangzhou to serve as a general.
Su Shi stayed in Hangzhou for three years. After his term, he was transferred to Mizhou, Xuzhou, Huzhou and other places.
This lasted for about ten years, and Su Shi met the first disaster in his life. At that time, some people (Li Ding and others) deliberately distorted his poems and made a big fuss. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), Su Shi arrived in Huzhou for less than three months, and was arrested and imprisoned for writing poems to satirize the new law, which is known as Wutai Poetry Case.
Su Shi was in prison 103 days, almost on the verge of being beheaded. Su Shi was spared because of the national policy of not killing the ministers of the official department during Mao's reign in the Northern Song Dynasty.
After he was released from prison, Su Shi was demoted to Yong Lian of Huangzhou Regiment (equivalent to the vice captain of modern civil self-defense forces). This position is quite humble, and at this time, Su Shi has been disheartened after this prison. In his spare time, he leads his family to reclaim wasteland and farms to help make a living. It was at this time that he got the nickname "Dongpo lay man".
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng in Song Shenzong (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and went to Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away.
Zhezong ascended the throne, the high queen mother listened to politics, the new party forces fell, and Sima Guang was re-enabled as prime minister. So Su Shi was recalled to North Korea as a doctor by the Ministry of Rites in 1998. In the first half of the month, I was promoted to the residence of Sheren, and after three months, I was promoted to the position of Sheren in Zhongshu, so I was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Hanlin.
As the saying goes, "Beijing officials are not easy to be." Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and once again offered advice and suggestions to the emperor.
So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer. As a bachelor of Longtuge, he once again went to Hangzhou after a long absence 16 to serve as the prefect. Su Shi built a major water conservancy project in Hangzhou, dredged the West Lake, and built a dam beside the West Lake with dredged silt, which is the famous "Su Causeway".
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea. But he was soon released to Yingzhou because of political disagreement. In the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), the new party came to power again. He was demoted to Huizhou resettlement, and later he was demoted to another family in Danzhou (now Danxian County, Hainan Province) and Changhua Army resettlement on the charge of "ridiculing the first dynasty". Hui Zong acceded to the throne, transferred to Lianzhou for resettlement, and served as deputy special envoy and Yongzhou for resettlement. In the third year (1 10 1), Fu Yuan was pardoned and restored to the classical style. On his way back to the North, he died in Changzhou, posthumous title. At the age of 66.
Literary and artistic achievements
Su Shi's literary view comes down in one continuous line with Ouyang Xiu's, but he emphasizes the originality, expressiveness and artistic value of literature. His literary thoughts emphasize "doing something and not doing something", advocating nature, getting rid of bondage, and "innovating statutes and releasing wonderful ideas". He believes that composition should be "like running water, with no definite quality at first, but always do what you should do and always stop where you can't stop." The artistic realm of "natural arts and sciences, rich body" ("Thank the teacher's book"). Su Shi's prose works are rich, and he is also known as Han Yu, Liu Zongyuan and Ouyang Xiu. The style of the article is concise and smooth, and it is unrestrained. Shi Dehong's Postscript Dongpo (Left and Right) Chi Ji said: "His writing style is like water, and his waves are naturally written." Su Shi and Ouyang Xiu, both called "Ou Su", are one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". Su Shi is the leader who presided over the literary world in the Northern Song Dynasty after Ouyang Xiu. He enjoyed a high reputation among writers at that time. Many people made friends with him or accepted his guidance for a period of time. Huang, Qin, Chao and Zhang were all cultivated, appreciated and promoted by him. Therefore, it is called Sumen Four Bachelor.
There are about 4,000 existing Su poems, which have a wide range of contents and diverse styles, but they are mainly bold and unconstrained, with changeable brushwork and romantic color, which has opened up a new road for the development of Song poetry. Xie Tiao's "The Original Poetry" said: "The realm of Su Shi's poetry has never existed in ancient and modern times, and everything in the world has been inspired by God." Zhao Yi's "Ou Bei Shi Hua" said: "It is a spectacular sight for a generation to take literature as poetry and go from Changli to Dongpo Yida. ..... Especially out of reach, born with a healthy pen, as cold as a sad pear. Cut together quickly, and there is a sense of secrecy that must be achieved. Therefore, after Li and Du, it is a big family, not as good as Li and Du Chu. " His poems are fresh and vigorous, good at using exaggerated metaphors and unique in artistic expression. A few poems can also reflect the sufferings of the people and accuse the rulers of extravagance and arrogance. The bold and unconstrained writing has a great influence on later generations. "Nian Nujiao, Red Cliff Nostalgia" and "Shui Diao Ge Tou, Ice Dust Mid-Autumn Festival" are widely circulated.
There are more than 340 poems written by Su Shi, which break through the narrow theme of writing about love and parting between men and women and have a wide range of social contents. Su Shi occupies a special position in the history of China Ci. He extended the spirit of the poetic innovation movement in the Northern Song Dynasty to the field of Ci, swept away the traditional style of Ci since the late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties, and created an unconstrained Ci school that kept pace with the graceful school, expanded the theme of Ci, enriched the artistic conception of Ci, broke through the boundary between poetry and poetry, and made great contributions to the innovative development of Ci. His representative works include Nian Nujiao and Shuidiao Tou, which created the first example of unconstrained ci, and was also called "Su Xin" with Xin Qiji. Liu Chenweng said in the preface to Xinjiaxuan: "Ci is broad and aboveboard, like poetry, prose and wonders of heaven and earth."
Su Shi is also good at regular script, and he is also called "Song Sijia" with Huang Tingjian, Mi Fei and Cai Xiang. Zeng studied under the famous artists of Jin, Tang and Five Dynasties, and worshipped Wang Sengqian, Li Yong, Xu Hao, Yan Zhenqing and Yang Ningshi, and became a family of his own. Ziyun: "I can't have published a book"; There is another cloud: "Be innovative and don't practice the ancients." Huang Tingjian said: "In his early years, his pen was refined, not as natural as his boss"; Another cloud said, "When I arrived in Huangzhou, my pen was very strong." In his later years, he was influenced by overseas storms. In addition, his knowledge, mind and knowledge are outstanding everywhere, and his life has been ups and downs. His calligraphy style is rich and naive. You can imagine that he is a person by looking at his calligraphy. People and books respect each other. At that time, his brothers, sons and nephews, You, Mai and Guo, as well as his friends and Zhao Lingzhi studied under him. Later, famous historical figures such as Li Gang, Han Shizhong, Lu You, Wu Kuan and Zhang Zhidong also learned from him in the Qing Dynasty, which shows the great influence. Huang Tingjian said in Valley Collection: "Those who are good at books in this dynasty should take (Su) as the first."
Su Shi draws ink and bamboo in his paintings, drawing lessons from the same style of writing (that is, writing is capable), which is more concise than writing and has the potential to dance. Mi Fei said that he "made ink bamboo, from the ground to the top. I asked: Why not divide it into sections? Say: When bamboo is born, why is it born one by one? " He is also good at making ancient trees and strange stones. Mi Fei also said: "Use dead trees as branches and bend them for no reason;" The stone is hard and strange and unreasonable, such as the depression in his chest. " It can be seen that his paintings are very strange and he wants to send them far away. His theory of painting and calligraphy is outstanding and his painting theory has far-reaching influence. For example, attaching importance to the likeness of spirit, advocating the feelings beyond painting, painting should have sustenance, opposing the similarity of form and the limitation of procedure, advocating the unity of poetry and painting, artistry and freshness, and clearly putting forward the concept of "literati painting", which laid a theoretical foundation for the subsequent development of "literati painting". The existing books include Huangzhou Cold Food Poem, Cliff Ode, Thank the Teacher's Paper and several essays in Sacrifice to the Yellow Emperor. The surviving paintings are "Ancient Wood and Strange Stone"; The "Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas" discovered in recent years is also his work.
In Song Dynasty, Su Shi made great achievements in poetry, prose, ci, calligraphy and painting. He is a rare literary genius in the history of China.
On August 17, I returned to Wanghailou. The first part was the rest of the Japanese list, and the two examiners left five songs.
Can't blame the clouds upstairs, there is a pile of flying paper in front of the building. Unrelated words must be re-read, but they have not been taken back by Jiangshan.
Eyes dim, candlelight dim, oblique lines. Don't be surprised if you lose your arms tomorrow. If you know, you are not a snake.
The chaotic mountains cover the dawn with a thousand layers, and it should not be shaken at the beginning of sleep. Last night, the drinker sighed repeatedly and decided to dream of Xing Wu.
Who is the cinnamon fragrance on the rooftop for? I'm tired of listening to the cold at night. Thanks to the Ming dynasty, the tide is there, and thousands of people are vying for new makeup.
Autumn flowers are not dazzling red, but solitary boats. The drizzle was cold and Jin Ju was not taught to grow Artemisia.
Yuetucha
A ring is not a ring, nor is it a ring. There is a fuzzy jade rabbit in it. Just like last month's beautiful dress, the full moon is still missing, so what year is it missing this month? Didn't you see that the tea fighting boy couldn't bear to fight a small group with double ribbons on it?
Beautiful woman
My cheeks are painted crisp and my eyes are in the beads of the curtain. Therefore, white clothes are made of fairy clothes, and red paste is not allowed to pollute the sky. A country in the Zhou dynasty
The voice is charming and soft, and the infinite leisure is always unknown. Since ancient times, many beauties have had fewer lives, and a hundred flowers have closed their doors.
Flowers fall in the auspicious temple, but the past will not come.
This year, the east wind is clever, and I just wait for you to come. If you don't believe in flowers, you should hate them for fear that they won't bloom next year.
Tell ancient stories and listen to them tomorrow, then sit in the same rhyme and use them again.
Fairy clothes don't need scissors to cut, and the national color is at the beginning of wine. The satrap begged for flowers to bloom for you.
Li Yong has jurisdiction to sit on sub-topics and wear flowers.
Twenty-eight beautiful women and good horses, ten thousand wines and Weicheng songs. The catkins in front of the curtain surprised the Spring Festival Evening, and the flowers on the head were helpless. The dew is wet and drunk, and the moonlight is the shadow of the road. When does Lvzhu play the flute? I want to insert the reddish color into the soap.
Three flowers on a stranger (quote)
Visit Jiuxian Mountain and hear the children's song "Flowers on the Stranger". Father said: Princess wuyue goes back to Lin 'an every spring. Wang Yishu said: "A exhausted love, you can pay it back slowly." Wu people take ci as a song, full of thoughts, sad to listen to it, and the vulgar ci is the cloud of Yi.
An all-consuming love butterfly flies, and Jiangshan is still a past tense. After several dying struggles, Long Ge, a wandering girl, slowly returned.
There are countless flowers all over the mountains, and passers-by are scrambling to see the emerald green. If you want to keep open, come back from teaching slowly.
When I was alive, I was a rich grass head, and I was always behind. I delayed your trip to Lu, so I will go home slowly.
Gong Liu's father, Li Gongze, sent two poems.
Looking at two old friends with white hair, I see current events several times new. If there is no harmony in the song, think about it and talk about borrowing Qin. A 20-year-old rotten poet has no good words. When people choose poems, they all talk about hunger and suffering in Wuzhong. Who do you kiss at night? (Gong Fu recently lost his wife. ) Think less than me, sleep more than me, snore and hit Lei Zhen neighbors. Who suggested me to come here? The string tube is full of clothes. There are not hundreds of green ants on the lips, and locusts hit the face three times. Sharpen the knife into the valley to chase the poor bandits, and shed tears to pick up the abandoned children at the edge of the city. Don't sigh for the county's happiness, walking on the stage is better than dust.
Shi Jing wept for Ren Zunsheng.
If you don't return to China for ten years, your child will grow up day and night. Is it just to urge the boss and gradually become a funeral? Every time I smell the old death, I cry. The old man is in a wonderful situation, and the eldest son pushes the next generation. The article has a reputation as a minority, and the poetic language is particularly clear and strong. Officials can recover and talk and laugh. Self-satisfied as a drama county, partial merit breaks Hao Party. Eager to walk away from cunning officials and gnash their teeth at traitors. Alas, life is uneven, and everyone can be vilified. Unexpectedly, into the badlands turned the blue soil yellow. The official tour does not last long, and the river and the sea are separated forever. Returning farmland is king, and the season pays the bill. This is a failure, and I will see many burials. Looking at the West Gate of Crying Country in the distance, the sunset leads a thousand dragons. The only son in my life, my ambition is in my palm. There are already a lot of cows in the fish. As soon as he entered Los Angeles, he visited Life and Death. Only Wang junchong, the heart is scattered.
Answer to Han Gong, a family member of Teachers College (Question 1: See and send a poem to brother Zhang Han of Fenghe Teachers College)
My late king didn't become an official. At the beginning, Doumen Emperor helped him. There is no poverty in virtue, and the wind shines in the countryside. Why not spare the villain, the villain is conceited. It's a waste of time. Lao Shi is in the suburban market. There are thousands of bamboo poles in front of the door and four books in class. The pear tree disappeared when it was red, and Bai Lianhua grew in the pond. I often call the maid barefoot and pick the garden vegetables in the rain. Corrected as the master, dismissed from office and returned to Lao Lu. It's time to be a middle-aged child and get to know the cars of the elderly. Boiling chicken and drinking white wine is relatively enjoyable. Like Pang Degong, Hui Ge, Xu. The wife walked through the hall, but who was the master? When I was young, I liked each other so much. Stand by and pay attention to your conversation. Be concise and practical. Years passed, but the old people never lived. Shi Hou didn't come first, solitary grave arch mulberry. I also participated in Wan Li, clearing blood. After wandering for twenty years, I began to realize that everything was empty. I like being a host alone, and I appreciate fish very much. Brother Bai, please untie your braid. Come and play, Qing Temple, Chen Kun. Hu Weiwei was tired of Xuan Guan, and he was relieved a lot. Shangcai fertile land, yellow sand to clear the canal. After a hundred hectares of rice, it will last for ten years. Idle with Prime Minister Lee, shooting deer and killing pigs. An eagle weighs ten catties, and a fierce dog is like a yellow donkey. Is it better to hoe yourself than Tao Yuanming? I'm 42 years old, and my hair is decreasing. Pengcheng is an ancient county, but it is rarely seen occasionally. The head is known, and the geometry is not fishing. I will go with each other, and my shoes will be old. When I miss my son by the river, who do I hug? Thanks to friends of the same age, we are all very happy. Iceberg recommendation text tuna, (tuna, also. Rong and Lu are common. ) jade gives birth to maggots. Drunk and suddenly miss me, poem Joan Know that I am not humorous, and teach me how to be comfortable. Things keep blowing like the wind. Sparrows hang at the tail of the pavilion, and autumn fans are sad. As fast as it rises and sinks, the public will be attacked. Write a poem to thank the second son, I learn Ning and Mi.
Chubiezi oil
I know little about my son's reasons, but my talent is harmonious and clear. Learning to be old is good for you, and the outside is gradually melting. Not only for my brother, but also for a virtuous friend. I haven't seen you for 67 years. Who will accompany you? I am often afraid to be honest and indulge myself. There's nothing to meet and talk about. It is not good to make people's intentions disappear for no reason. There are six women in the forest, wrapped in cloth and jing. Worry-free Lai Xianfu, Chenpi and other chefs. Let the child do what he wants. Blue is ugly. There will be no cooking in the morning tomorrow, and thunder will fall on the bed. Sleep in my pavilion in autumn and listen to the wind and rain at night. Don't say goodbye soon, the wonderful reasons will be re-evaluated. Yesterday, I suddenly went out and turned to Xicheng alone. Back in the North Hall, the old house was empty. Quit eating and follow each other. You'll be surprised when you get started. Du Nan believes that in many meetings, personnel are controversial. Niandangguan Pavilion
Sit down and play dumb. My wife is also meticulous, and the article exists in name only. You must sweep your white hair and don't reuse Polygonatum sibiricum.
Lv Yun Liang Zhong wasteland
Rain, leaves, wind and flowers are thin day and night. When is a cup? Emptiness can't reward Joan jade, decay can also produce bacteria. Lvliang is in a hurry, but her arms are full of clouds and dreams. Wait for your pen to pursue spiritual luck, don't bear the date of Nantai Jiu.
Zhang Zhifu sent Cui Hui Hui Zhen.
Hosta half away from the clouds, graceful hibiscus in autumn water. At that time, it was unlucky and sour, and the eternal Huatang served the gentleman. Where there is no beauty by the water, come near and see Prime Minister Chen. Dan Qing had better know the language, and the words in the world are not true. It's even sadder to know that you are bored. Give the paper to the old lady to surprise an old chap like me. The pen that gave you plum blossoms didn't hurt Guangping.
Spring vegetables
Vines have leaves, and leek buds are like ferns. The rotten fragrant white fish is fat, and the broken Artemisia annua cool cake is slippery. After drinking, I slept in early spring, which was fragrant and spicy. Chen Yin chamomile is not resistant to draining water, so draw piles of plates and wipe them with your hands. The cold in the north is not over yet, and the snow is like armor. Is it as if I am rich in winter vegetables and frosty leaves show cold teeth? It's been a long time, but it's still a matter of detail. Bitter bamboo shoots and finless porpoises are so forbearing.
A table of gifts for Huishan monks.
Traveling all over the world, I send my heart everywhere. The old lodge in the mountains is still there, and the case "Leng Yan" has gone away. There are a few pieces left in the pillow, and Hsinchu is behind closed doors. Guests come to tea, nothing, oranges and bayberry are still sour.
Qian Daoshi
Scholars believe in books, but the world is still speculative. If you don't do what you can, you will make a thousand promises. At that time, when I was happy, my heart was willing but my strength was weak. I don't know how many state railways have made this big mistake. I was born with troubles and have always been afraid of evil. It's comforting to wait and see, but your feet are shallow. Besides, master Qian, everything is difficult at the beginning. Let alone meet, there is no disease and no medicine.
I met Xu Anzhong, the head of Qin Taixu in Songjiang, and got two rhyming wind characters.
Wuyue Xishan flourishing is not poor, but also helps to decline. Since ancient times, it has been the southeast water floating in the sky, and now it is the northwest wind to see off guests. Although the desperate situation is thousands of miles away, it is difficult to win swimming without five people. Master Zhou won't stay long. He plans to watch the sunset red. The second son's poems are older and poorer, and there is nowhere to spit Changhong in the world. I slept in the rain all my life and sailed on the other side all day. People are used to laughing for three years, and God taught us to do the same. I know you have to write a long note and send a red-tailed silver plate.
Two rhymes send fish.
The giant fish exclaimed when lifting the net is hard to swallow. What's more annoying is that barefoot and bearded, to take advantage of the west wind.
Hui Chong Chunjiang Xiaojing
Two or three peach blossoms outside the bamboo forest and ducks in the water first noticed the warm spring. The beach is covered with wormwood, asparagus is beginning to sprout, and puffer fish are preparing to swim upstream from the sea back to the river.
Drunk book in Wang Hu Building on June 27th.
Clouds poured out and poured down like ink, but a mountain range was exposed on the horizon, bright and fresh, and the splashing water was like white pearl gravel, splashing on the boat. Suddenly, the wind rolled up and dispersed the clouds in the sky. The lake was blue as a mirror, beautiful and gentle.
Niannujiao (Mid-Autumn Festival)
Looking far from the sky, you can see the clear sky in Wan Li without a cloud. Ghost woman flies to a place with light and takes a cold dip for a day. Yuyu Qionglou, coming and going from Luan, people are in Liangguo. Mountains and rivers are picturesque, and smoke trees are vivid. I was drunk, clapped my hands and sang wildly, and invited the moon arm in arm. I became three guests. Dancing and wandering in the wind, I don't know what kind of night it will be I want to return by wind, so I don't need to ride Peng Yi. In the Crystal Palace, the flute was blown off with a loud sound.
Famous sentences handed down from ancient times
When did the moon begin to appear? I take my glass from a distance.
Spring is divided into three parts, dust into two parts, and water into two parts.
Who left the stone screen with ink marks?
I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
flux and reflux
A little awe-inspiring, a thousand miles fast.
In retrospect, I want to go back to that bleak place, where there is no rain or shine.
Bamboo poles and sandals are more dexterous than riding horses. What's to be afraid of? A misty rain will last a lifetime!
Pick up all the cold branches and refuse to live. Lonely sandbars are very cold.
Small catkins are blowing on the branches, and the grass in the sea is growing.
Laughter dies in silence, but passion is mercilessly annoyed.
I have hated this body for a long time. When will I forget the camp?
Let me take a boat down the river and spend the rest of my life overseas.
Ten years of life and death. Never think. Never forget.
A river of no return, a romantic figure with boundless waves.
References:
1. Su Shi's Ci:/article/shici/521/532/show/2007080220033410. shtml
2. The life of Su Shi/mem/1164/main.ahtml.
3. Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties-Su Shi Memorial Network