What is the greatest aesthetic feeling of Zhu in Sui, Tang and Tang Dynasties?

Although the Sui Dynasty unified the north and the south, great changes have taken place in the feudal system. The seal is mainly practical, the printed surface has become larger, the printed lines have increased, and the printed lines have begun to fold. Since then, with the participation of literati, official seals and private seals have been completely divided, and many brand-new seals have appeared. For practical purposes, official seals generally use copper printed materials, and the grades of officials are distinguished by the size of the printed surface. The difference is that after most ethnic minorities enter the Central Plains, some official seals will add ethnic characters. In the Tang Dynasty, the printed lines of the official seal were relatively uniform, with little difference from the thickness of the edge line, which seemed sparse and ethereal. As a new manifestation of ancient practical seal, it pioneered the development of Zhuwen printing in a sense. Private seals in the Sui and Tang Dynasties were rarely handed down. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, due to the elegance and rich collection of emperors' paintings and calligraphy, a special collection of paintings and calligraphy appeared. Scholars also began to use and intervene in the making of seals. They are neither the "bureau" of the general official seal nor the "vulgarity" of the general private seal, and of course they are not satisfied with the previous seal forms and usage methods, thus gradually producing many brand-new seal forms. In addition to name printing, there are book printing, book printing, font printing, word printing and so on. There are two forms of these seals, namely, imitation of Tangyang official seal and imitation of Bai Han seal. The former is related to the revival of seal script in Tang Dynasty, while the latter is related to the rise of epigraphy.

In the official seal of Sui and Tang Dynasties, the expansion of seal surface and the adoption of Yang seal provided rare objective conditions for getting rid of Chinese seal and creating new aesthetic forms. The use of Yang Wen's seal script on a large printing surface four or five centimeters square is the basic feature of the official seal of Sui and Tang Dynasties. This can fully show the line meaning of seal script calligraphy and create a sense of spaciousness as a whole. It can be seen from the official seal of Sui and Tang Dynasties that the new seal has the same characteristics: the lines of the seal stretch smoothly and the layout is dense and sparse.

Zhu's lines are even and straight; White text printing does not need to fill in the blanks with double tick marks, and thick lines can be used, but attention should be paid to the changes of brush strokes.

The period from Sui and Tang Dynasties to Song and Yuan Dynasties, and even the Southern and Northern Dynasties, was the relatively low tide of China's seal art, and there were few official seals in Sui and Tang Dynasties. The Sui Dynasty was short-lived, and the system of the Tang Dynasty was recorded in the Song Dynasty's Record of Retirement from the Dynasty in the Spring, Autumn and Ming Dynasties, which stipulated that the seal should be turned over. They were all Yuan Wailang sent to the Ministry of Ritual. The characters were first broken on the big stone in front of the hall and then destroyed, so there were fewer Tang seals handed down from generation to generation. Before the Qing Dynasty, there was little information in this field. Qu Zhongrong's Collection of Ancient Official Seals in the Qing Dynasty contains more than 100 official seals since the Tang Dynasty, but there is only textual research and no seal. 19 16 There are more than 280 records of Luo Zhenyu's official seals since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and there are special books on official seals since the Sui and Tang Dynasties.

The official seal of Sui and Tang Dynasties is characterized by an obvious increase in volume, generally 5 to 6 cm square. Another feature is the use of Zhu Wen, because after the Northern and Southern Dynasties, paper replaced bamboo slips, abolished the mud printing system, and began to directly cover paper and silk with printed colors. When printed on paper and silk, Zhu Wen has better clarity than Bai Wen. Due to the large paper area, the printed surface is naturally much larger than that in the Han and Wei Dynasties. With the expansion of scale, the exquisite Zhu seal is easy to be lost, so the official seal after Sui and Tang Dynasties gradually separated from the style of Chinese seal. In order to pursue the unity of composition, the early "ten-fold seal script" germinated by enriching the curved and coiled strokes.

The official seal of Sui and Tang Dynasties is based on the standard seal script, which is simple and vigorous, natural and smooth, relatively free in posture, simple and vivid. That is to say, unlike the Han and Wei Dynasties, which were full of paintings and paintings, the turning angle was very clear, and unlike the official seals after the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the printed sidebar was basically the same as the seal, which was harmonious and unified on the whole and had certain artistic value.