Friends of Emperor Wu
Liu Hong’s grandfather Liu Fu served as the governor of Yangzhou in the late Han Dynasty. During his tenure, he built water conservancy projects and built fortresses to strengthen the defense of the city. He was quite famous. merit. His father, Liu Jing, served successively as the Minister of Huangmen, the Governor of Lujiang, and the Grand Secretary of Agriculture in the Wei Dynasty. He was able to bring convenience to the people through his political work, which was the legacy of his father.
Liu Hong had the talent, strategy and ability to handle government affairs. He lived in Luoyang when he was young, and lived with Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, Sima Yan, in Yong'an, Luoyang. They were also born in the same year, and the two had sex together. study. Later, because Liu Hong was an old acquaintance with Emperor Wu, he was appointed as the prince's official. After being promoted several times, he served as the prince and led the order, and was transferred to the post of Dazai Changshi. Leaving the town of Youshuo
Zhang Hua valued Liu Hong very much, so he recommended him to serve as General Ningshuo, Jiajie, Supervisor of Youzhou's military affairs, and captain of Karasuma. Liu Hong was very powerful in the frontier and made bandits disappear. He was praised by the officials and people in the north. Because of Liu Hong's good merits and virtues, the imperial court granted him the title of Duke of Xuancheng (county). Kill Zhang Chang
Main article: Zhang Chang Uprising
In 303 AD (the second year of Tai'an), the Zhang Chang Uprising broke out, and the imperial court issued an edict to appoint Liu Hong as the envoy to control the festival. The Nanman captain and Jingzhou governor led former general Zhao Xiang and others to attack Zhang Chang. From Fangcheng to Wan and Xinye, all the places where the army went were pacified.
In the same year, the new king Sima Xin was defeated by Zhang Chang in Fancheng, and Sima Xin died in battle. The imperial court then appointed Liu Hong to replace him as General Zhennan and Commander-in-Chief of all military affairs in Jingzhou, while the other official positions remained as before. Liu Hongxian appointed Tao Kan, the chief of the Southern Barbarians, as the guardian of the capital, Kuai Heng, who joined the army, as the guardian of the rebel army, and General Pi Chu of Yamen as the commander of the capital, and ordered him to lead the army to occupy Xiangyang. Zhang Chang combined his troops to besiege Wan and defeated Zhao Xiang's army. Liu Hong was forced to retreat to Tunliang. At the same time, Tao Kan, Pi Chu and others defeated Zhang Chang one after another, killing tens of thousands of people in succession. When Liu Hong took office, Zhang Chang was afraid and ran away. All his troops surrendered and Jingzhou was pacified.
When Liu Hong withdrew to protect Liang, Sima, the king of Fanyang, sent Zhang Yi, the captain of Changshui School, to lead the Jingzhou governor. When Liu Hong arrived at the prefecture, Zhang Yi refused to accept Liu Hong's replacement and led his troops to fight against Liu Hong. Liu Hong sent troops to kill Zhang Yi, and petitioned to plead guilty to defend his killing of Zhang Yi. The imperial court issued an edict to appease Liu Hong and blame others. Zhang Chang fled to Xiajun Mountain. Liu Hong sent troops to attack him and finally killed him and surrendered Zhang Chang's remaining subordinates. Governing the state well
After the rebellion, many of the governorship positions in Jingzhou were vacant. Liu Hong requested by-election of officials, and Emperor Hui obeyed his request. Liu Hong therefore based on their merit and virtue, and awarded them supplementary positions based on their talents, which was highly praised by public opinion in the DPRK and China.
He reported the official positions he appointed to the court: he was appointed as the governor of Lingling by recruiting soldiers from Wu Dynasty, and Tao Kan, the chief of the Southern Barbarians, was temporarily appointed as the Sima of Zhennan General's Mansion. He was asked to reward him based on his merits and join the army. Kuai Heng He was the magistrate of Shandu, General Pichu of Yamen was the prefect of Xiangyang, Yu Tan, the magistrate of nxiang, was the magistrate of Liling, Qiu Bo, the magistrate of Nanjun County, was the magistrate of returning to his hometown, and Shi Guozhen, the magistrate of Shangshu, was the magistrate of Xinling. The imperial court believed that Xiangyang was an important town, and although Pi Chu had meritorious service, he should still be cautious, so he appointed Xia Houzhi, the former prefect of Dongping, as the prefect of Xiangyang, and followed all other appointments. Xia Houzhi was Liu Hong's son-in-law. Therefore, Liu Hong believed that nepotism should not be used and recommended Pi Chu as the governor of Xiangyang. The court followed his advice.
When Liu Hong was in Jingzhou, he encouraged the people to engage in agricultural production, lenient sentences and provincial taxes, and saved money every year. The people loved him very much. Liu Hong once woke up at night and heard the watchman in the city sighing, so he called him over to ask why. This veteran was over sixty years old, was thin and sickly, and did not have a jacket. Liu Hong sympathized with him, so he punished the person in charge. He immediately gave the veteran a leather robe and hat, and then handed it over to him. According to the old system, people were not allowed to fish in the mountains and marshes of Xian and Fang. Liu Hong ordered his subordinates to immediately open the mountains and marshes to allow the people to fish. He also ordered: "The so-called Qizhong wine, Tingshi wine, and wretched wine use the same koji rice, so they are of good and bad quality. Drinking wine should be of the same thickness as that of the three armies, and no further distinction can be made from now on."
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In 304 AD (the first year of Yongxing), Luo Shang, the governor of Yizhou, was defeated by Li Te. He sent envoys to Liu Hong to ask for military supplies. The governors of the prefectures and counties believed that Jingzhou itself was also very important. He was poor and only sent five thousand dendrobium from Lingling to help Luo Shang, but Liu Hong said: "You didn't think about it carefully. There is no difference between the two families in the world. If I give them food now, there will be no worries in the west. "At that time, there were more than 100,000 homeless households in Jingzhou. They had been poor in foreign lands for a long time, and most of them became thieves. Liu Hong then gave them fields to grow food, promoted talented people among them, and appointed them step by step according to their abilities.
There are also many actors and actresses who fled to Jingzhou to avoid the chaos. Someone advised Liu Hong to let them have fun. Liu Hong said: "Back then, Liu Jingsheng (Liu Biao) had his music collapsed because of bad etiquette, so he ordered Du Kui to be his wife. The emperor made music together, and after it was successful, he wanted him to play it in court. Du Kui said: "Perhaps it was not the general's original intention to perform in the court for the emperor's sake." ’ I often sigh about it. Now that the Lord is covered in dust, I can't show my loyalty as a minister. Even if there are family tricks, they are not suitable for listening, let alone royal music! "So he ordered the counties and counties to comfort them and wait until the court returns before returning them to this office.
Based on the military achievements of pacifying Zhang Chang, the court should make Liu Hong's second son a county prince, and Liu Hong should be appointed as a county prince. Resolutely refused, Emperor Hui agreed and appointed him as Shizhong, Zhennan General, and Kaifu Yitong Third Division
In August of 305 AD (the second year of Yongxing), Liu Hong was appointed. In Wancheng, he expelled General Pingnan and King Sima Shi of Pengcheng.
Before that, Zhang Fang took Emperor Hui to Chang'an. After Sima J, the king of Hejian, took Emperor Hui hostage, he issued an edict to Liu in October. As Liu Qiao's successor, Hong punished Liu Yu's brothers. Liu Hong first sent a letter to Liu Qiao, Sikong, and Sima Yue, King of the East China Sea, hoping that they would resolve their resentment and stop military operations, and they would help the royal family together, but neither side agreed. Liu Hong then reported: "Since wars have broken out in recent years, suspicions and disasters have appeared together, suspicions and feuds have emerged between clans, and disasters and disasters have continued on the descendants of the clans. Today they are loyal to the royal family, and tomorrow they become rebels against the royal family. Right and wrong are repeated. They are constantly changing, taking turns to be the leaders of wars. Since the beginning of recorded history, the disaster of fratricide has never been like this. I feel very sad about this! Now there are no reserves to prevent changes in the frontiers, but the Central Plains is in considerable distress. The important ministers who assist the royal family do not consider the fate of the country, but only compete for power and kill each other. If the barbarians on the four sides take advantage of the situation and cause trouble, it will be two fierce tigers fighting each other and they will naturally become Bian Zhuang's prey. The minister believed that a public edict should be issued as soon as possible, ordering Sima Yue and others to eliminate their suspicions and grudges and each maintain their respective positions and fiefdoms. From now on, if there is anyone who does not accept the edict and uses the army to stir up trouble without authorization, all the people in the world will come together to attack him. "At that time, Sima Jie had just arrived in the Guandong region and needed to rely on Liu Qiao for help, so he did not accept Liu Hong's advice. Liu Hong believed that Zhang Fang was cruel and knew that Sima Jie was bound to be defeated, so he sent Liu Pan to join the army as the protector and lead the troops under his jurisdiction. The army accepted the command of Sima Yue.
At that time, the world was in chaos. Liu Hong was in charge of the Jianghan area and was very prestigious in the south. , and beheaded him. Sima J, the king of Hejian, sent Zhang Guang to be the governor of Shunyang. The governor of Nanyang said to Liu Hong: "King Pengcheng (Sima Shi) was running eastward and had some unethical remarks. Zhang Guang is Dazai's confidant. Zhang Guang should be killed to show his belonging. Liu Hong refused to listen and said, "How can Zaifu's gains and losses be Zhang Guang's fault?" It is not what you do to endanger others in order to gain your own comfort. " Wei Zhan felt deeply resentful for this.
When Chen Min attacked Yangzhou, he led his troops to the west, so Liu Hong dismissed the post of Nanman Colonel and awarded it to the former Northern Army Lieutenant Commander Jiang Chao. He himself Tao Kan, the prefect of Jiangxia, and Miao Guang, the prefect of Wuling, led the army to station in Xiakou. He also sent troops from Jianping, Yidu and Xiangyang counties to station in Badong as Luo Shang's successor. The prefect of Nanping Ying Zhan was appointed as General Ningyuan, supervising the navy of the three counties, and serving as Jiang Chao's backup.
Tao Kan and Chen Min were in the same county, and they were officials in the same year. Someone tried to alienate Tao Kan and Liu in front of Liu Hong. Hong didn't listen, so he appointed Tao Kan as the vanguard and entrusted him with the task of fighting Chen Min.
Tao Kan sent his son and nephew as hostages, and Liu Hong comforted them and released them. Therefore, Chen Min did not dare to take action against Jingzhou. Deeply remembered
In 306 AD (the third year of Yongxing), the imperial court issued an edict to promote Liu Hong to the rank of General of Chariots and Cavalry, with the Kaifu and other official positions remaining as before.
Whenever Liu Hong made appointments or dismissals, he would personally write to the Prime Minister of Jingzhou, instructing them sincerely and carefully. Therefore, people were moved and excited, and rushed to join him, saying: "It can be done." "Getting a personal letter from Duke Liu is better than serving ten ministries." At that time, Liu Pan had returned to the army. Liu Hong thought that he was old and sick, so he was ready to relinquish his posts as Jingzhou governor and Nanman captain and assign them to others. His subordinates, but before he could abdicate, he died of illness in Xiangyang. The officials and people in Jingzhou lamented and mourned, as if their own parents had died.
When Sima Ying, the king of Chengdu, fled south, he wanted to return to his feudal country, but Liu Hong ordered his people to resist. When Liu Hong died, his Sima Guomai tried to elect Sima Ying, who was still in Xinye at that time, as the leader. Liu Hong's son Liu [followed his father's legacy and dressed in mourning clothes and led the state army to attack Guo Mai. In Zhuoshui After killing him, the Xiang and Mian areas were peaceful and pacified. At first, King Sima Yue of the East China Sea suspected that Liu Hong and Liu Qiao had second thoughts about him. Although he arranged for them, he was uneasy inside. After Liu Hong resisted Sima Ying and Liu killed Guo Li, the court appreciated their actions. Sima Yue wrote a letter in his own hand praising Liu [, and the imperial court posthumously presented Liu Hong as the Duke of Xincheng County, with the posthumous title Yuan.
Later, Liu [ was recruited into the court and served as the captain of the Yue Cavalry School, and the Southern Xia region gradually became chaotic. The fathers and the common people commemorate Liu Hong. Even the praise of Zhao Bo in "The Book of Songs: Gantang" is not as good as the commemoration of Liu Hong by the people of Jingzhou. Historical evaluation
Sima Zhong: The general was both civil and military, and he was appointed to Fang Xia. The fault of Wancheng was not defended was Zhao Xiang. The general sent all the troops to defeat the bandits. Zhang Yi was greedy for misfortune and disobeyed the imperial edict. The general sent a message to Que Ting. Although there was a suspicion that he was not invited, the ancients had a special meaning. Its magnificent and strategic plan is to control the South China Sea and look forward to it as a deputy.
Fu Chang: Although the world was in chaos at that time, Jingzhou was safe. Hongyou Liu Jingsheng (Liu Biao) maintained the ambition of Jianghan and did not attach himself to the Taifu Sima Yue.
Sun Sheng: From Jing (Liu Jing) to Hong (Liu Hong), he was not famous in the world, but had political talents.
Fang Xuanling: ① In the ancient Ming Dynasty, when the king of the Ming Dynasty founded the country, he listed the country as Jiuzhou, assisted the prime minister Xuan Gong, and consulted the four mountains. Therefore, I admire Qi's government and send my message to Xuanfeng. The ceremony of preparing the company's leadership is outside Wei Teng's house; the general task of issuing regulations is in the ceremonial area. He praised his talents, and praised them in "Gantang"; according to his faults, he complained about his salary. In the unclean period of China and North Korea, there were many obstacles and obstacles, and they separated the symbols and established festivals, and the laws of heaven were disordered. He Ji (Liu Hong) expressed his sympathy to Lu Wan and lived in the land of Fang Mu to promote the rise of Wu. From the secluded Jingjing, we are eager to gather the traces of jackals and wolves; to promote the virtuous and the good, we can only scratch the hair of the emerald green. As a result, the officials and the people worked hard, the Hua barbarians obeyed the orders, the state was clear, and the waves were in the boiling sea; the hundreds of cities were blocked, and they slept quietly in Jitian. It is said that it is good governance alone, how little is it! "Yi" says that "Zhen Gu is enough to do things", and I saw it in Zhennan. ② He and Ji Chengen served in Jiannan. The majestic Jingsheng is calm, and the Yangtze River is transformed into Yangjiang'ao. Work hard for the dynasty, but forget about loyalty and sustenance. ”
Chen Pu: The Three Cardinal Policies punished Xin Ran by himself, and the two thieves were cleared by knowledgeable scholars (Tao Kan). After a hundred years and half of the world in Jiangzuo, it was known that the new city would be opened up (Liu Hong).
Wang Fuzhi: ① Jin had the world, and it first merged with Shu and Wu. The people of the two sides were accustomed to separatist rule, and they did not have any intention to adapt to it. However, there was civil strife in China, so Zhao Q, Li Te, Zhang Chang, and Shi Bing Take advantage of it and prosper. Naite's descendants have been stealing Shu for decades, and Jiangnan has been established early. Liu Hong's achievements are so great! Therefore, it is known that the country has Qiancheng, but it is difficult to secure it. ② Jin protects Jiangdong to preserve China. It is Liu Hong's power to unify. Hong appointed Tao Kan, Zhu Zhangchang, and Ping Chen Min, and Jiangdong returned to Wan Tu. In the middle. How can Fu Hong win with his own measure?
When Sima Yue attacked Jie (Sima Jie), Jie falsely ordered Hong to attack Yue. Hong did not attack Yue for Jie, nor did he attack Jie for Yue, but only moved a letter to accuse him of withdrawing his troops. This is correct, and Jie went against it and Yue also Disobedience; evil of Zhang Fang's ferocious rebelliousness, one has no choice but to take the leisure of the two and accept the overstepping of the control, which is also righteous; receiving the overstepping control, and finally not going north to violate the que and punish him, is also righteous; Zhang Guang is a private person , To challenge Chen Min has merit, not to suppress it with violence, it is also righteousness; the world is in chaos, but to rectify it, do what you should do, stop where you should stop, do not be generous and do things, do not act The heart of partiality and entrustment has been passed down for thousands of years, just like seeing the atmosphere of the mountains and the sea. If the Jin Dynasty can lead the whole country and take charge of it, it will not be destroyed even if it is in chaos; but it is a pity that it cannot be in charge of it alone, and Hongyi will die early! If it is too small, then Zhou, Gu Rong, and He Xun will have nothing to fear and keep their integrity; if it is too small, Tao Kan will have no support to use his talents; if it is too small, Langxie will move south, and Wang Dao will not be able to build a country. . Jin cannot use Hong, but Hong can use Jin. ③ The country was founded in Jiangdong, with Jing and Xiang as the foundation. During the chaos of the Western Jin Dynasty, Liu Hong and Tao Kan were diligent and cautious. They gathered together for decades. The people were safe, had enough food, and the soldiers were well equipped with grain, boats, chariots, and weapons. It was given in the evening, but there was no such thing in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Li Ciming: If Yang Hu is strong, Du Yu is practicing, Liu Yi is strong, Wang F is martial, Liu Hong is knowledgeable, Jiang Tong is ambitious, Zhou Chu is loyal, and Zhou Fang is Yong Guo, Bian Zi Feng Jian, Tao Kan's work, Wen Qiao's wisdom, Zu Ti's generosity, Guo Puzhi's erudition, He Xun's Confucianism, Liu Chao's chastity, Cai Mo's correction, Xie An's measure, Wang Tanzhi's style, Kong Yu's purity and integrity, and Wang Xizhi's high simplicity are all outstanding among the mediocre. They can be said to be the best in the Jin Dynasty, and they can be said to be the best among twenty people.
Cai Dongfan: Hong and his son became famous for protecting their territory. Anecdotes
Liu Hong likes to smoke incense and often has an incense burner in the toilet. Zhang Tan, the chief registrar, said to him: "People say that you like to do common people's things, and this is indeed true." Liu Hong said: "Xun Lingjun (Xun) went to someone else's house, and the incense was left on the table where he sat for three days. I How do you compare with Lingjun? Why don't you like my hobby?" Zhang Tan replied: "There used to be a beautiful woman who was sick and frowned, but everything she saw was pleasing to the eye; her neighbor, an ugly woman, followed her example. If you see her, you will avoid her. Do you want me to move back?" Liu Hong laughed and understood Zhang Tan's character. Relatives
Grandfather: Liu Fu, the governor of Yangzhou in the late Han Dynasty.
Father: Liu Jing, general of Cao Wei Zhenbei.
Brother: Liu Xi, the hereditary title of Liu Jing was established as a rural marquis.
Son-in-law: Xia Houzhi, once served as the prefect of Dongping County.
Son: Liu [, after the death of Liu Hong, he was the internal history of Shunyang, and later the captain of the Yueqi School.
Great-grandson: Liu An, who was later made a vassal by Tao Kan.
Nephew: Ying Zhan, served as governor of Jiangzhou, and was granted the title of Marquis of Guanyang County. Documentary records
"Book of Jin·Volume 66·Biography 36"
"Old Records of Xiangyang·Volume 5·Mu Shou"
"Praise to the Dukes of Jin"
"Autumn of Jin Yang"
"Zizhi Tongjian"
"Shui Jing Zhu" Tombs
Main article: Liu Hong's Tomb Liu Hong's "Chariot and Cavalry General" Seal Liu Hong's tomb is located in Nanchan Bay at the southeast foot of the main peak of Huangshan Head in Anxiang, at the junction of Hunan and Hubei provinces. In April 1991, a rescue excavation was carried out with the approval of the provincial cultural relics department. 78 cultural relics were unearthed after thorough cleaning. The unearthed cultural relics were exquisite, complete and clearly dated. They provided a chronological ruler for studying the unearthed cultural relics of the same period and the upper class society of the Western Jin Dynasty. The research provides accurate and reliable physical evidence.
However, due to its age and disrepair, the tomb is in danger of collapse at any time. In order to bring the cultural relics unearthed from Liu Hong's tomb to light again, the relevant departments began to build the Liu Hong Cultural Relics Exhibition Hall on the premise of protecting the tomb site. Preparatory work began in 2010 for Liu Hong's tomb to be declared a national cultural relic unit. The formal application was made in 2011. In 2012, by seeking national investment, the construction of Liu Hong's tomb site protection and exhibition hall projects was fully completed.
Source of Liu Hong's "Generals on Chariots and Cavalry" printed album: personal works
According to "Quan Jin Wen", there are three volumes of Liu Hong's collected works ("Old Tang Book·Jing Ji Ji") 》) passed down to the world. There are also "a list of petitions to kill Zhang Yi", "a list of by-elections for missing officials", "a list of firm requests to use Pi Chu as the prefect of Xiangyang", "a list of requests to order King Yue of Donghai and others to withdraw their troops", and "a list of requests for Pi Chu to teach". , "Jiao of Xia Jingbu", "Jiao of Dujiang", "Jiao of Wuwei", "Jian of Liu Qiao", "Book of Yue, King of East China Sea". Literary image
In the novel "The Romance of the Two Jin Dynasties", Liu Hong's image is the same as that in official history. In Chapter 19, when Chen Min rebelled, Liu Hong was the general of Zhennan and sent Tao Kan, Miao Liang, Ying Zhan and others to fight against him. Hu Huai, the governor of the county, falsely accused Tao Kan of plotting to rebel. Liu Hong did not believe it and trusted Tao Kan even more. In the end, Tao Kan and others defeated Chen Min. When Sima Yue arrived in Chang'an, Liu Hong sent Liu Pan, a member of the army, as his supervisor to meet with Sima Yue. Sima Yue welcomed Emperor Hui back to the east, and added Liu Hong as a chariot and cavalry general. The remaining officials remained as before. Soon, Liu Hong died of illness, and the people cried bitterly when they heard the news. The court decided that his posthumous title should be Yuan, and he would be given posthumously to the Duke of Xincheng County.