Translation:
Every time you read a book, you must first read it thoroughly, so that the words in it seem to come from my mouth. I will further think about it carefully so that its meaning seems to come from what I think in my heart, and then I can gain some insights.
As for those who have doubts about the meaning of the article and whose comments are confusing, they should calm down and think carefully, and do not make hasty choices.
First, list one of them as a separate article, and think along the thread of the article to verify whether its ideas are smooth or blocked. Then those that have no obvious meaning and reason should not wait until the end of the article. Compared with other doctrines, they have automatically yielded.
Then use everyone’s words to question and refute each other, and then seek the stability of its principles to verify whether it is correct or wrong. If it seems to be right but it is actually wrong, it will also be denied by the publicly recognized statement. cannot be established.
Under normal circumstances, stop and look slowly, deal with the static state and observe the dynamic, like attacking a hard wood, attack its easy places first and then attack its key points; like untangling a tangle The ropes are tangled together. If there is any obstruction, leave it there for the time being and deal with it slowly. This is how to read a book.
Whenever you study, you must first tidy up the table for reading, make it clean and stable, place the books neatly on the table, sit upright, face the books, and read the words carefully and calmly. Text, read the article carefully and clearly.
Every word that must be read is very loud. You cannot read a word wrong, read a word less, read a word more, read a word upside down, or force it. Remember, as long as you read it a few times, it will come naturally and smoothly, and you will not forget it even after a long time. The ancients said: "If you read a book many times, its meaning will naturally appear."
That is to say, if you are familiar with the book, you will naturally understand its meaning without relying on other people's explanations. . I once said: When reading, pay attention to the "three things", that is, when reading, you must concentrate, read carefully, and recite.
If the mind is not on the book, then the eyes will not read carefully. Since the mind and eyes are not attentive, but just read casually, they will definitely not be able to remember it, and even if they are remembered, they will not last long. Among the three, the heart is the most important. The heart has already arrived, can the eyes and mouth not reach it?
Original text:
In general, before reading a book, you must first read it thoroughly so that everything you say comes from my mouth. After thinking carefully, if all its meanings come from my heart, then I can get it. If there are doubts about the meaning of the text and there are different opinions, then you should consider it with an open mind and do not make hasty choices.
First let a statement become a statement by itself, and then follow its own meaning to test its clarity. Especially if it is unreasonable, you should give in first without looking at other statements. If we use various theories to challenge each other, and seek to find the basis of their rationale, and examine their right and wrong, then those who seem to be right and wrong will also be in the public opinion and cannot be established.
Go slowly but stand still, stay calm and observe the movement, like attacking a strong tree, first the easy ones and then the program; like untying a tangled rope, if there is any blockage, leave it alone and sort it out. This is the way to read books.
Whenever you study, you need to straighten out the books, make them clean and straight, put the books in order, straighten your body, face the books, read the words carefully and slowly, and read them clearly and subdivided.
You need to read every word loudly, don’t miss a word, don’t miss a word, don’t add a word, don’t miss a word, don’t memorize it far-fetched, just recite it several times, it will be naturally catchy, and it will last a long time. Don't forget. The ancients said: "Read a book a hundred times, and its meaning will become apparent to you."
If you are familiar with it, you will know its meaning without any explanation. Yu Chang said that there are "three attainments" in reading, namely the attainment of the heart, the attainment of the eyes, and the attainment of the mouth. If the mind is not here, the eyes will not look carefully. The mind will not be focused, but it will only read rambles. It will never be memorized, and it will not be memorized for a long time.
Among the "three arrivals", I am the most anxious. Now that the heart is there, won’t the eyes and mouth not care?
Extended information:
The author of "Xunxue Zhaigui" is Zhu Xi, a famous Neo-Confucian scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhu Xi has been engaged in lecturing activities for a long time and carefully compiled various books such as "Collected Commentary on the Four Books" Teaching materials have trained many talents.
His educational thoughts are extensive and profound. Among them, the most noteworthy ones are his discussion of "primary school" and "university" education, and the second one about "Zhu Xi's Reading Method".
On the basis of summarizing the educational experience of predecessors and his own educational practice, and based on his preliminary understanding of human physiological and psychological characteristics, Zhu Xi divided a person's education into two categories: "primary school" and "university". There are different and related stages, and different educational tasks, contents and methods are proposed.
Zhu Xi believes that the age of 8 to 15 is the primary education stage, and its task is to cultivate "sages and sages." In view of the fact that primary school children are "undeveloped intellectually" and have weak thinking ability, he proposed that the content of primary school education is "learning things" and advocated that children should understand basic ethics and moral norms and develop certain moral standards through concrete actions in daily life. Behavioral habits and learn preliminary cultural knowledge and skills.
In terms of educational methods, Zhu Xi emphasized the importance of prioritizing teaching and early teaching; striving to be vivid, vivid and stimulating; and cultivating children's moral behavior habits in the form of "Instructions" and "School Rules".
Zhu Xi believes that the task of university education after the age of 15 is to "add polish" on the basis of "raw materials" to train them into the talents needed by the country. Zhu Xi believes that unlike primary school education, which focuses on "teaching things," the content of university education focuses on "doctrine," that is, it focuses on exploring "why things are the way they are."
As for university education methods, Zhu Xi firstly valued self-study, and secondly advocated mutual exchanges between different academic viewpoints. Zhu Xi's opinions on primary school and university education added fresh content to ancient Chinese educational thought.
Zhu Xi is a famous thinker in Chinese history and a famous educator. He was enthusiastic about education throughout his life and tirelessly taught apprentices. He made significant achievements in both educational thought and educational practice.
When Zhu Xi was still alive, he reorganized some county schools and state schools, founded Tong'an County School, Wuyi Jinghan Academy, Kaoting Academy, rebuilt Bailudong Academy and Yuelu Academy, and also established He personally formulated school regulations and compiled teaching materials for "elementary school" and "university".
He cultivated a large number of intellectuals for the feudal country, including many famous scholars, and formed his own school of thought.
In the sixth year of Chunxi (1179), when Zhu Xi learned about the Southern Kang Army, he rebuilt the famous Bailudong Academy. Bailudong Academy was one of the four famous academies in the Song Dynasty. The original site is southeast of Wulaofeng in Lushan Mountain in Xingzi County, Jiangxi Province.
This was the place where Li Bo, a famous scholar in the Tang Dynasty, lived in seclusion and gave lectures. At that time, Li Bo liked to raise white deer, hence the name. In the Southern Tang Dynasty, a school began to be built here, named Lushan Guoxue. In the Song Dynasty, an academy was established here.
In October, people were sent to visit the old site of Bailudong, and funds were allocated to rebuild the academy. They also searched all the books and texts in Jiangxi counties to enrich the collection of books, and purchased Japanese goods for the purpose of running the school. The academy was recognized by the imperial court, and Zhu Xi personally presided over the teaching activities
In the fifth year of Shaoxi (1194), Zhu Xi rebuilt Yuelu Academy in Changsha while serving as the pacifier of Jinghu South Road in Zhitan Prefecture. The former site of Yuelu Academy is in Yuelu Mountain, Changsha. It was originally founded by Zhu Dong, the prefect of Tanzhou in the early Song Dynasty. It was also one of the four famous academies in the Song Dynasty.
He also hired some teachers from all over Hunan and recruited apprentices widely. Thousands of scholars came here to study. During his lectures at Yuelu Academy, Zhu Xi made contributions to the construction of the academy and also had a great influence. This academy remained a famous institution of higher learning until the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhu Xi
Baidu Encyclopedia - Xunxue Zhaigui