The city by the river is as beautiful as the picture, and the mountains are getting late. I climbed the Xie Tiao Building to overlook the clear sky.
Between the two rivers, one lake is like a bright mirror; The two bridges on the river look like rainbows falling from the sky.
Orange forest pomelo is set off in the cold smoke of kitchen smoke; Autumn is boundless, and the phoenix tree has become old.
Besides me, who will think of the North Tower and welcome the autumn wind, Miss Xie?
Notes on the title or background of a book.
Xie Tiao North Building was built when Xie Tiao was the magistrate of Xuancheng, and it is a scenic spot in Xuancheng. The poet cut to the chase, summed up the scenery he saw at the beginning and immediately caught people's hearts. Later, he used "mirror" and "rainbow" to highlight "picturesque river city" and "orange pomelo in cold days and old phoenix tree in autumn" to describe "clear sky at night". You see, how complete and multi-layered. Here, the poet not only wrote the scenery of autumn, but also wrote the artistic conception of autumn.
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On a clear autumn evening, the poet boarded the Xiegong Building alone. The blue mountain shadow is so bright and clean! Seen from a height, this "Jiangcheng" is like painting a picture. In the first two sentences, the poet wrote a summary of the scenery he saw during the tour, always with the whole article, which immediately attracted the readers deeply and entered the artistic conception of the poem together. Yan Yu's "Cang Shi Lang Dialect" says: "Taibai sends a sentence and goes straight to the theme." This is the expression.
The middle four sentences are specific descriptions. The artistic images created by these four poems are all born of the word "Wang" above. From the structural relationship, the first two sentences are written as "picturesque river" and the last two sentences are written as "clear night sky"; The four sentences are a complete unity, and they are hierarchical. "Ershui" refers to Juxi and Wanxi. Wanxi source leaves Yishan, joins Zhu Xi in the northeast of Xuancheng, and joins around the city, so it is called "clip". Because it is autumn, the stream is clearer and flows calmly, and the wave surface is glittering and translucent. "Mirror" is the most appropriate description. "Double Bridge" refers to the upper and lower bridges across the stream. The upper bridge is called Phoenix Bridge, which is outside Taihe Gate in the southeast of the city. The bridge below is called Jichuan Bridge, which is located outside Yangde East Gate in the east of the city. It was built in the reign of Emperor Wendi of Sui Dynasty (58 1-600). These two long bridges stand on the stream and are reflected in the water. Seen from the tall building, the light green stream and the bright red sunset, under the flickering lights, the shadows of the bridges reflect infinitely strange gorgeous colors. Where is this bridge? It's like two rainbows in the sky, and the shadow of this rainbow falls in the mirror. After reading these two sentences, we will naturally think of the poem "Looking at Lushan Waterfall", another masterpiece of the poet, "Flying down three thousands of feet, suspecting that the Milky Way has set for nine days". Both of them also use analogy to shape their images, and also use a word "falling" to connect the underground and the sky; But there are differences in similarities and differences, and all roads lead to the same goal: one is to compare the waterfall to the milky way, and the other is to write the reflection of Shuangqiao in the waves of the sunset with a rainbow; One focuses on depicting its surging momentum, and the other focuses on showing its magnificent and changeable colors, giving people different aesthetic feelings, while the poet's rich and wonderful imagination and lively and ethereal brushwork are equally amazing.
In the autumn evening, there was silence in Yuan Ye. In the jungle surrounded by mountains, the smoke from kitchen chimneys, the deep blue of orange pomelo and the light yellow of phoenix tree present a bleak and bleak scenery, which makes people feel that Qiu Guang should be old.
It is not difficult to imagine that the poet's mood at that time was completely immersed in his field of vision, and his observation was profound and meticulous; And his description is not sticky at all. Standing high and looking far, he grasped the feeling for a while, outlined the outline of a late autumn with extremely concise image language for a while, and deeply revealed the atmosphere of seasons and environment for a while. He wrote not only about autumn scenery, but also about autumn. If you understand it carefully, you will find that he is highly generalized and meticulous with his pen.
The last two sentences, seemingly simple, are actually the same as the first two sentences, pointing out that the place to visit is on the "North Building"; This North Building was built by Xie Tiao, which seems to be the usual formula from boarding to nostalgia, so Li Bai can't help but miss the ancient writing by the way. What is worth noting here is the word "who reads". "Huai" in "Huai Xie Gong" refers to Li Bai himself, and "who reads it" refers to others. The meaning of two sentences is to sigh that no one can understand his mood of "thanking the public against the wind". This is no ordinary nostalgia.
Li Bai has been politically frustrated and led a wandering life since he was excluded by the powerful and gave up his official position in Chang 'an. The guest's frustration and sentimentality, especially in the autumn wind, can be imagined. Xuancheng is his hometown, and now he comes again. As soon as he arrives in Xuancheng, he will miss Xie Tiao, not only because Xie Tiao has left such places of interest in Xuancheng, but more importantly, because Xie Tiao has the same feelings for Xuancheng. When Li Bai looked at the breeze alone in the upstairs of Xie Tiao and faced the mountains and rivers admired by Xie Tiao, he thought of the previous generation poets he had always admired. Although ancient and modern times are separated, the spirit is far from each other. This vague emotion reflects his political loneliness. It is precisely because of political repression that I can't find a way out, so I have to send my feelings to the mountains and rivers and to the ancients who are still traveling; Who can understand his complicated mood at that time?
background
This poem was written in the 13th year of Tianbao (754). After the Mid-Autumn Festival this year, Li Bai came to Xuancheng from Jinling.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Bai (70 1-762), whose word is Taibai, is the most outstanding poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and also a great romantic poet in the history of China literature after Qu Yuan, and is known as the "Poet Fairy". He had a rough experience and complicated thoughts. He is not only a brilliant poet, but also a ranger, assassin, hermit, Taoist and counselor. Confucianism, Taoism and Rangers are all reflected in him. "Retire after success" is the dominant thought that dominated his life.
Li Bai left more than 900 poems to later generations. These brilliant poems show his mental journey all his life, and they are artistic portraiture of social reality and spiritual life in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Li Bai was ambitious all his life, and he expressed his yearning for fame and fortune unabashedly. This is vividly expressed in Fu Liangyin, Reading Biography of Zhuge Wuhou, and Love Cai Sheren Bear. Li Bai liked Ren Xia since he was a teenager, and wrote many ranger poems, among which Knight Rider is the representative work. Three years of political life in Chang 'an had a profound influence on Li Bai's creation. There is a sharp contradiction between his political ideal and the dark reality, and unspeakable pain and resentment accumulate in his chest. Angry, he wrote a series of nostalgia for the ancients, such as "Difficult to Go", "Antique" and "Answering the Twelve Cold Nights of the King". A famous sentence that is sad for a person's life and difficult to send away. Li Bai lived a wandering life for most of his life, traveled to many famous mountains and rivers all over the country, and wrote a lot of beautiful poems praising the great rivers and mountains of the motherland to express his feelings of loving freedom and yearning for liberation. In this kind of poetry, the strange mountains and rivers complement his rebellious and unruly character. This kind of poetry occupies a large number in Li Bai's poetry works, and has been passed down through the ages, among which "Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream" is the most outstanding masterpiece. With dripping and carefree poems, the poet freely spread the wings of imagination, wrote various spiritual adventures and pursuits, and truly liberated the repressed soul in his dreams. And "Oh, how can I seriously bow and scrape to high-ranking people and people in high positions? They will never stand being shown an honest face!" His poems show the poet's lofty sentiments and become an important basis for future generations to examine Li Bai's great personality.
As a great poet who loves the motherland, cares about the people and never forgets the reality, Li Bai is also very concerned about the important issue of war. Enthusiastic praise is given to the soldiers guarding the border (such as "Xia Sai Qu"), and the wariness of the rulers is mercilessly lashed (such as "Battle of the South of the City" and "Song of Ding Du"). Li Bai also wrote many Yuefu poems, describing the hard life of laborers and expressing their concern and sympathy (such as Long March and Midnight Wu Ge). ).
Li Bai's poems and songs have the artistic charm of "the pen falls and shakes the wind and rain, and the poem makes the gods cry", which is also the most distinctive artistic feature of his poems. As a romantic poet, Li Bai mobilized all romantic skills and realized the perfect unity of poetry content and form. Li Bai's poems are full of self-expression and subjective lyricism, and the expression of feelings is overwhelming. For example, when he entered Beijing as an official, he said, "Laugh to the sky. Are we Artemisia people? " When I miss Chang 'an, "the wind blows my heart and hangs Xianyang trees in the west." Such poems are very infectious.
Extreme exaggeration, apt metaphor and amazing fantasy make people feel highly real. Reading these poems, such as "But since the water is still flowing, even though it is cut with a sword, it is even more worrying to raise a glass to dispel the sorrow" and "The white hair is three thousands of feet, and the sorrow is as long as long", readers can't help being infected by the poet's long sorrow and endless melancholy. Li Bai's artistic expression is particularly prominent in his poems, such as Climbing Mount Tianmu in a Dream, Difficult Road to Shu, etc.
In Li Bai's poems, imagination, exaggeration, metaphor and personification are often used comprehensively to produce a fantastic, magnificent and moving artistic conception, which is why Li Bai's romantic poems give people a heroic, unrestrained and elegant charm. His language is clear, lively and meaningful, just as two of his poems say, "clear water gives birth to hibiscus, and it is naturally carved."
Li Bai's poems and songs had a far-reaching influence on later generations. Han Yu, Meng Jiao and Li He in the middle Tang Dynasty, Su Shi, Lu You and Xin Qiji in the Song Dynasty, Gao Qi, Yang Shen and Gong Zizhen in the Ming and Qing Dynasties were all greatly influenced by Li Bai's poems.