A brief discussion on the core of Chinese language quality is absorption and expression quality
The core of Chinese language quality is absorption and expression quality
Currently, there is an ongoing revolution in China’s education sector Profound changes - from examination-oriented education to quality education. However, the theory of quality education is still very imperfect. For example, what is the connotation of quality education in Chinese? How to carry out quality education in Chinese? There is no authoritative definition in the Chinese field. and discussion. From the perspective of the development history of education, the optimization of education depends on the guidance of educational theory. If many of our Chinese teachers do not understand the connotation and essence of Chinese quality education, carrying out Chinese quality education can only be an empty talk and improve the quality of Chinese education. Students' Chinese quality is nothing more than talking on paper.
What is Chinese quality education? Chinese quality education is education aimed at improving students' Chinese quality. What should students' Chinese quality be? In my opinion, The core are two qualities: absorptive quality and expressive quality. From an informatics point of view, language is a kind of information; mastering a language is the ability to master how to receive and convey a kind of information. From a practical point of view , language is a tool, an important tool for people to learn and live. To master the Chinese tool, specifically, is to have the ability to use Chinese, that is, to have good listening, speaking, reading and writing skills. And these four abilities Fundamentally speaking, it is mainly reflected in two qualities: absorption quality and expression quality.
1. Absorption quality
To learn Chinese well, where should we absorb it?
1. Absorb from life.
“Ask the canal where it can be so clear, and you will find a source of running water.” Life is the most vivid source of Chinese literacy. There are things in Chinese learning that other subjects cannot match. We can learn Chinese all the time and learn Chinese everywhere. How should we absorb the dazzling picture of life? The key is to cultivate the habit of being sensitive to observation and good at observation. Life is colorful, spring, summer, autumn and winter. The changing scenery, the endless changes of wind, clouds, rain and dew, the waxing and waning of the sun, moon and stars, the rise and fall of everything in the world... Endless changes are happening in life all the time. As long as you love life, observe and feel the joy of the world with your heart. Anger, sorrow, and joy, you will definitely have never-exhausted expression materials. We should also realize that observation is not only to see with the eyes, but also to listen with the ears, smell with the nose, and experience with the heart. In short, we must devote ourselves wholeheartedly to Invest and mobilize all the senses to observe and discover the beauty in life. While observing, we must also use our brains to think and see through the appearance of life to see the true meaning of life. Only in this way will we gradually enrich our hearts. Knowledge reserves, improve one's cognitive ability and thinking level, so as to express oneself freely.
"Listening to your words is worth ten years of reading." This sentence expresses the important role of listening. Being good at listening is not only a manifestation of strong language skills, but more importantly, we can learn a lot of important knowledge or get some inspiration from other people's conversations; in addition, we can also learn fresh and lively language , many writers are very good at learning language from other people's conversations. It is worth noting that general listening is not very effective. You should learn more from people with higher levels, especially from scholars who are rich in knowledge and can speak well. , teachers learn. Their novel and profound views and rigorous and clear way of thinking have a lifelong impact on people.
2. Absorb from reading
In addition to learning from life In addition to directly absorbing knowledge, we must also absorb a large amount of indirect experience from reading. Faced with the vast treasure house of books, how should we absorb it?
① Develop the habit of reading widely and efficiently.
"Read thousands of volumes, and write like a god." It shows the importance of reading a lot of books. One of the biggest problems among middle school students in reading now is that they read too much for quickness and not for deep understanding. After reading the article, only Some hazy shadows are left behind, like flowers in the fog, which cannot be seen clearly. Once you want to use them in the future, they have already been lost without a trace. This kind of reading has little effect.
Reading must be strategic. And methods. First of all, you must be selective when reading. You must choose books purposefully under the guidance of the teacher. You must be able to read in and jump out.
In addition, we must also pay attention to reading the "book of life" and combine theory with practice. We cannot just read with our own eyes and be satisfied with memorizing ready-made conclusions in "writing"; more importantly, we must be diligent in reading. Think, be good at thinking, discover what is inside and behind the book through words and writing, and combine theory and practice to promote the understanding of the "book of books" with the "book of life", and then make discoveries and progress , truly become the master of books.
Reading should focus on efficiency and effectiveness. After reading a book or article, the first thing to remember is something, and the second thing is to understand something. The purpose of reading The process is a process of understanding and thinking. "Learning without thinking means losing sight", which means that just reading without thinking means not reading. However, with the rapid increase in the total amount of knowledge in the world and the rapid emergence of various publications, people If you want to continuously expand your knowledge horizons and read more books, you must improve your speed reading ability.
② Develop the habit of looking for chapters and extract sentences and diligently accumulating them.
“Good memory It's better to have a bad pen." If you don't take some notes while reading, it will be easy to forget. Even if you remember some, it may not be accurate. Once you want to use certain materials, it will be difficult to use them. Therefore, we must develop the "not The habit of writing without reading". The old proverb goes: "The accumulation of sand becomes a tower, and the accumulation of armpits becomes fur." ??Don't underestimate the accumulation of bit by bit. As long as you persevere, your Chinese literacy will become richer and richer, and eventually it will happen. Qualitative changes.
2. Expression quality
Learning Chinese is not enough just to absorb, you must also learn to express. Absorption is a means, expression is the purpose. The quality of expression is the key to modern One of the signs of a person's quality. Language is a tool, and the purpose of learning a language is to apply it effectively. The most fundamental reason why current Chinese teaching has received a lot of criticism is that many students have learned Chinese for more than ten years. The quality of expression is still very low. There is an example to prove this: According to the report of "People's Daily" (East China Edition) on August 28, 1995, the editorial department of the East China Branch of the newspaper received manuscripts from 13 members of a college student reporter group in a certain place. Except for a few articles that are slightly fluent in writing, the rest of the articles are either grammatical or have typos. Six of them contain more than 100 errors. As a college reporter whose life is written expression, his expression quality is so poor. You can imagine the expressive quality of other ordinary college students and those who have not received a university education. This is not a special case. Similar reports have appeared in the newspapers frequently, which indeed makes language workers ashamed.
What are the reasons? How to avoid this embarrassing situation? What are the factors that affect expression quality? Expression quality includes two types: oral expression quality and written expression quality. In this modern increasingly competitive market economy society, the importance of oral expression The status is well known. Unfortunately, the level of oral expression of many people nowadays is really not flattering. Of course, there is no problem for ordinary people to communicate in daily life. The problem is that in many formal occasions or occasions that require a higher level of oral expression, it is not possible to Only a few people will have problems of one kind or another. It cannot be said that most Chinese people cannot express themselves verbally. The problem is that it is rare to see more standard and normative oral expressions. Even some people who eat with their mouths, such as some The host's speech was full of errors and nonsense.
How to improve the quality of oral expression?
1. Have rich knowledge accumulation and good cognitive ability. This is to improve expression The foundation of ability. This has been discussed in detail in the previous article and will not be repeated.
2. Cultivation of courage and self-confidence. Many middle school students dare not speak or give speeches in public, or even though they dare to speak, they are unable to do so due to Cowardice, stammering when speaking, and unclear sentences. If this problem is not solved, it will definitely affect the development of students in the future. Unfortunately, due to the impact of exam-oriented education, many Chinese teachers do not pay enough attention to this problem, or have "no time" to take care of students. Lack of necessary oral training.
3. Use every opportunity to train. There are many places where a person uses spoken language in life, but many people do not cherish various opportunities and consciously train their eloquence. As Chinese teachers should not only pay attention to the knowledge transfer and ability cultivation in classroom teaching, so that students can train their oral expression skills in the classroom, but also pay attention to the cultivation of students' oral expression skills outside the classroom, and carry out extensive
It is exam-oriented education that constrains and suppresses their aura and wisdom. As teachers, do we provide students with a broad reading space? Do we provide them with opportunities and occasions to speak freely? All successful Chinese education reformers have A profound understanding of this liberates students from the heavy and inefficient explanations and questions, allowing them to independently gallop in the rich and colorful world of Chinese, thus creating the "myth" of Chinese education reform.
There is also a writing issue related to expression quality. This is also an issue that most Chinese teachers ignore or pay insufficient attention to. Students' good handwriting is not mainly to make the paper neat and get high scores, but to express the image, just like Mandarin in oral expression cannot be ignored. Just as pure, clear, melodious pronunciation is refreshing, correct and beautiful writing will undoubtedly impress people. If the writing has as much artistic value as calligraphy works, reading such articles is simply A kind of beautiful enjoyment. Not to mention that correct and beautiful writing can also reflect a person's personality charm and life attitude. Those students who write with arrogant claws and difficult to read handwriting are probably not high-quality students. Based on this, I think, Writing should also be regarded as a quality of Chinese expression.
To sum up, Chinese teachers should do everything possible to train and improve students' absorption and expression qualities, and all educational activities should be aimed at improving these two qualities. Center, those educational activities that are insignificant or have little effect on improving students' Chinese quality must be resolutely abandoned. We are not forcing students to absorb and express, but should guide students to absorb and express autonomously and with fun. This is from a theoretical and practical point of view , are all possible. Because people are born with a natural thirst for knowledge and accurate self-expression. Our goal is to ultimately enable students to form good habits of conscious absorption and expression, allowing them to absorb and express actively, thus The benefits will last a lifetime. Only in this way can language teachers be truly liberated, and students can take the initiative in learning, and swim independently and with interest in the sea of ??Chinese knowledge without getting tired of it. Only in this way can quality education truly achieve practical results.
In addition to the quality of absorption and expression, are there other qualities? Of course there are. For example, ideological quality, moral quality, emotional quality, etc. In terms of cultivating these qualities, Chinese language teaching is more unique than other subjects. Advantages. However, I think that improving these qualities should not be the main task of Chinese teaching. If too much emphasis is placed on the cultivation of these qualities, on the one hand, it will dilute the theme of Chinese teaching and increase the burden of Chinese teaching. On the other hand, it may be counterproductive. To deviate Chinese teaching from the normal track, it is likely to turn Chinese classes into political theory classes, ideological and moral classes, emotional and psychological education classes, etc. Such an approach will only arouse students' resentment. In fact, in cultivating Chinese language absorption, In the process of expressing and expressing quality, ideological quality, moral quality and emotional quality have been "all said without saying anything".
The 21st century is a century of rapid development of science and technology and extremely fierce competition. The main challenges facing education today are The task is to cultivate high-quality talents who can adapt to the rapid development of the 21st century. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, the purpose of quality education is to teach students to learn to be a good person, to be a successor with noble morality, rich feelings, love for life, and creativity. A modern person with high quality and good taste. Chinese quality education must adhere to comprehensive development and be open to all students. On the basis of striving to improve students’ absorption and expression qualities, it should use unique and vivid images in Chinese to infect, inspire, comprehend and inspire students. Continuously improve students' ability to observe society and establish a correct world outlook, outlook on life and values, so that today's students in the 1990s will eventually become high-quality modernization construction talents in the 21st century.