The Shang surname is the 240th most populous surname in China, especially in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang and other places. The contemporary population with Shang surname accounts for about 0.025% of the national population, with a total population of about 320,000.
The name and totem of Shang
The early Shang character in the oracle bone inscriptions, the upper half is the initial script of Xin character, the lower half is the initial script of C character, the middle and later period of oracle bone inscriptions are The word "Shang" has a biting text in the lower half. Jin's Shang character inherited the oracle bone inscriptions, but added the word "North" below to highlight the meaning of wealth. The shape of the word "Shang" looks like a tall jar placed on the table, which is a gift of wealth and is used to worship the rain falling from the sky. This ancient money-seeking ritual should be an invention of businessmen. Businessmen regard businessmen as clan worship totems. Because of the merchant's clan name and clan emblem, the place where the merchant lived was called the merchant, and the castle was called the Commercial City. It developed into a country, and finally the merchant's surname appeared.
The origin and evolution of the Shang surname
The origin of the Shang surname mainly has two branches: the surname Zi and the surname Ji.
The first one comes from the son's surname. Emperor Ku's son, a descendant of the Yellow Emperor, was enfeoffed in the Shang Dynasty. His hometown was in the east of what is now Shang County, Shaanxi Province. Later, he moved to Shangqiu, Henan, and 14 generations later, he went to Shangtang. The Xia Dynasty established the Shang Dynasty and established its capital here, also known as Shang Tang. The capital was moved several times until King Pan Geng of Shang moved the capital to Yin, which is now Xiaotun Village in Anyang, Henan, and was the Shang Dynasty. It was passed down by King Zhou for 17 generations, and was later destroyed by King Wu of Zhou. His descendants took the country as their surname. The Shang surname has a history of about 3100 years.
The second expenditure came from the surname Ji. During the Warring States Period, Sun Yang, Gong of the State of Wei, was enfeoffed in the Shang Dynasty. He was named Shang Yang, a powerful reformer, and his descendants took Shang as their surname. Li surnamed Ji Shang: it has a history of more than 2,300 years.
Influx of foreign genes
Since its formation, the Shang surname has been relatively single, with very little blood from other ethnic groups flowing into it. During the Northern Song Dynasty, Wugu, a Jurchen from the Kingdom of Jin, talked about doing business in the East. In the early Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty had surnames such as Shangjiashi and Wukuli. Later they were collectively called Shang and became part of the Shang surname in Northeast China.
The distribution and map of Shang surnames
There were about 40,000 Shang surnames in the Song Dynasty. China's Shang surnames were mainly distributed in Shandong, Henan, Gansu, Zhejiang, Fujian and other places. Shandong is the province with the largest number of Shang surnames, accounting for approximately 41% of the country's population with Shang surnames.
There were about 52,000 people with Shang surnames in the Ming Dynasty. Zhejiang was the province with the largest number of Shang surnames, accounting for about 33% of the country’s Shang surnames. Secondly, it is distributed in Shandong, Jiangsu, Hebei, Hubei, Shanxi, Fujian and other places.
Contemporary Shang surname distribution and map
The contemporary population of Shang surname is about 320,000, making it the 240th most common surname, accounting for about 0.025% of the national population. At present, Shang surnames are mainly distributed in Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Shandong, Beijing, Shaanxi, Liaoning, Jiangsu and other places. These eight provinces and cities account for about 74% of the total population with Shang surname, followed by Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, Chongqing, and Tianjin.
The schematic diagram of the distribution frequency of the Shang surname in the population shows that in Heiji, Liaoning, most of Hebei, Beijing and Tianjin, Shandong, northeastern Henan, northern Anhui and Jiangsu, southeastern Chongqing and northern Guizhou in eastern Inner Mongolia , the proportion of Shang surnames in the local population is generally more than 0.06%, and can reach more than 0.2% in the central region. The coverage area of ??these areas accounts for approximately 19.1% of the country's total area, and is distributed in central Inner Mongolia, northwest Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi, northeastern Ningxia, most of Henan, Hubei and Chongqing, eastern Sichuan, northwest Hunan, most of Guizhou, Eastern Yunnan, central Guangxi, southern Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, and northern Jiangxi
Family trees: Currently, there are 7 family trees in libraries across the country.
Celebrity frequency and family sages
From 755 to 79,000, there are 24 celebrities with Shang surnames, accounting for 0.05% of the total number of celebrities, ranking 239th in the celebrity surname rankings; Famous writers named Shang accounted for 0.06% of the total number of writers in the country, ranking 188th; famous medical scientists named Shang accounted for 0.03% of the total number of medical scientists in China's history, ranking 280th; famous artists named Shang accounted for 0.05% of the total number of Chinese artists. , ranked 198th.
Important figures in the Shang Dynasty include: the sages in the late Shang Dynasty were in charge of business; in the late Spring and Autumn Period, Confucius’ disciples Shang Qu and Shang Ze; in the Warring States Period, the Qin State’s left concubine Shang Yang; in the Northern Song Dynasty, we all know that soldiers and horses The merchants were introduced; the Jin Dynasty censor Shang Heng;
Lu Shang, orthodox Jinshi, former soldier and official minister of the Ming Dynasty, Jiajing Jinshi, You Yidu, a censor merchant, painter Shang; Yongzheng Jinshi of the Qing Dynasty, Shangpan, the magistrate of Yuanjiang; Chairman of the Henan Provincial Government and Commander of the Sixth War Zone Shang Zhen; contemporary paleographer and calligrapher Shang Chengzuo.
Blood type of Shang surname
The total blood type distribution of people with Shang surname is: type O accounts for 32.1%, type A accounts for 28.3%, type B accounts for 30.2%, and type AB accounts for 9.4%.