Hubei Province is located in the south-central part of People's Republic of China (PRC), in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Hubei is called Hubei because it is located in the north of Dongting Lake. It borders Henan Province in the north, Anhui Province in the east, Hunan Province in the southeast, Chongqing City in the west and Shaanxi Province in the northwest. Hubei province is located in the transition zone from the second to the third grade of China's topography, with various landform types, including mountains, hills, hills and plains. The mountainous area of Hubei accounts for about 55.5% of the total area of the province, hills and hills account for 24.5%, and plain lakes account for 20%. The terrain is very different. Shennongding, the highest peak in Shennongjia, is called the "Roof of Central China" in the west, with an altitude of 3 105 meters. Near Tanjiayuan, Jianli County, the eastern plain, the ground elevation is zero. The west, north and east of the province are surrounded by Wuling Mountain, Wushan Mountain, Daba Mountain, Wudang Mountain, Tongbai Mountain, Dabie Mountain and Mufu Mountain. The foothills are widely distributed, and Jianghan Plain is in the south-central part, which is connected with Dongting Lake Plain in Hunan. The topography of the whole province is an incomplete basin with high three sides, low middle, open to the south and gaps in the north.
The geographical location of Hubei province is between 29 05 ′ and 33 20 ′ north latitude and between10821′ ~16 07 ′ east longitude. Hubei mainly belongs to the north subtropical monsoon climate, with the characteristics of transition from subtropical to warm temperate zone. Sufficient sunshine, sufficient heat, long frost-free period, abundant precipitation and the same season of rain and heat are beneficial to agricultural production. There is a folk saying that "the lake is wide and ripe, and the world is full." The annual average temperature in Hubei province is 15 ~ 17℃, and the average temperature in July is 27 ~ 29℃. The highest temperature in Jianghan Plain is above 40℃, which is called "stove" and is one of the extremely hot areas in China. The average sunshine in Hubei Province is1150-2,245 hours, and the frost-free period is between 230 and 300 days. The average annual water volume is between 800-1600 mm. Due to the influence of topography, the southern part of Great Shennongjia is the rainy center of the whole province, and Jianghan Plain often suffers from floods in years with long meiyu period.
history
Hubei province has a long history. Ancient human fossils found in Yunxi, Yunxian and Changyang prove that people lived here hundreds of thousands of years ago. Eggshell painted pottery unearthed in Qujialing, jingshan county, has a history of more than 4,000 years. According to documents, in Hubei Province, in the Shang Dynasty, Chu (now Jingzhou Mountain in Nanzhang), Lu (now Xiangfan), Peng (now Fangxian County), Yong (now Zhushan) and other countries were blocked. Panlongcheng, excavated in huangpi district, Wuhan, is surrounded by rammed walls. There are large palaces in the city, workshops and tombs outside the city, and a large number of exquisite bronzes have been unearthed. Hubei is one of the earliest Shang ancient cities discovered in the Yangtze River valley of China.
Hubei is the territory of Chu State in the pre-Qin period, and Chu culture, which is juxtaposed with Central Plains culture as the two sources of Chinese civilization, was bred in this ancient land. As early as the pre-Qin period, the civilization here was quite prosperous, and the bronzes, silks, embroideries and lacquerware made by Chu reached a very exquisite level. Philosophy, art and religion with distinctive Chu cultural characteristics have developed well. Today, a large number of cultural relics and remains in Hubei are enough to mark the cultural height created by the ancestors living in this land. Today, Hubei's culture and art are still deeply branded with Chu culture, which is different from the serious and deep Central Plains culture. It is gorgeous and gorgeous.
celebrity
Qu Yuan (about 339 BC ~ about 278 BC), whose real name is Ping, whose word is Yuanhe. At the end of the Warring States Period, Chu returned to Lepingli (now Quyuan Village, Quyuan Township, Zigui County), a poet and politician of Chu State.
Bi Sheng (? -105 1), a native of Caopandi, yingshan county, Hubei. Famous inventor of Northern Song Dynasty. Song Renzong invented movable type typesetting and printing in Qing Dynasty (104 1- 1048) (Shen Kuo's "Meng Qian Bi Tan" said: "There was cloth in Qing Dynasty, and Bi Sheng was movable type"), which had a great response in the printing industry at that time.
Li Shizhen was born in qi zhou (now qi zhou Town, Qichun County, Hubei Province) in the Ming Dynasty. Born in 15 18 (13th year of Zhengde in Hao Ming) and died in 1593 (21st year of Wanli in Ming Dynasty). I studied Confucian medicine with my father Li Yan when I was a child. I was a scholar at the age of 65,438+04, but he insisted on studying medicine. He repeatedly said to his father, "I am sailing against the current, and my heart is stronger than stone. I hope my father will aim high until he dies." Finally, after I was twenty years old, I began to study medicine. Because he pays attention to clinical practice, humbly learns from the working people, plus his father's guidance and help. So he soon became a famous doctor. He has been close to the working people since he was a child and has a certain understanding of the people's sufferings, so he treats many poor people for free. People praised him for "medicine comes to the door thousands of miles away, and living is worthless." Because of his excellent medical skills, his reputation spread far and wide. At the age of 34, he was employed by King Mi of Chu and was appointed as an official of the Jingu Palace. Soon, he was recommended to the capital and sentenced by the imperial court too hospital. He soon returned to qi zhou, practicing medicine and treating diseases while editing Compendium of Materia Medica. In the 21st year of Wanli (1593), Li Shizhen died at the age of 75.
Wang Zhaojun, the Messenger of Nation and Democracy
In the Xiling Gorge of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, there is a stream, clear and green, like jade. The mountains, water and people here are more beautiful. Wang Zhaojun, one of the four beauties in ancient China, was born on the bank of this stream.
Wang Zhaojun was born in Baoping Village, Nanjun County (now Xingshan County) in the Western Han Dynasty. I look like a peach blossom, smart. Poets in Qing Dynasty praised her: "I'm afraid that Dan Qing's paintings are not true" and "I can't find a beautiful girl, which will make the flowers in the forest ashamed". Get rid of Zhaojun's beauty and spirit with superb methods.
Zhang (1525— 1582) was a politician in the Ming Dynasty. Huguang Jiangling (present-day Hubei) was born with the word Da Shu and the name Tai Yue. Jiajing Jinshi was edited by Jishi Shu and the Hanlin Academy. Advocate the disadvantages of reform. Qin Long joined the cabinet in the first year (1567). In the first year of Wanli (1573), he served as the cabinet record. Reform during the period of service. Carry out examination method to rectify official management. Clearing fields, the whole country implemented the whip method, reformed the tax and service system, integrated tax and service, and levied grain by mu. In the name of Qi Jiguang, strengthen the northern border defense. Dredging the Yellow River floodplain with Pan Jixun. After ten years in power, he has made outstanding achievements. After his death, he was impeached, and then his official position was chased, and his family property was lost. In the second year of Apocalypse (1622), he pursued the reinstatement of officials. There are complete works of Zhang Wenzhong.
Wu Zixu (BC? -484 years ago), a famous member. Xiangfan Gucheng is a native of Shenwan (formerly a rich village, 1949 was classified as Gucheng).
Lu Yu (733-804) was born in Jingling, Fuzhou (now Tianmen, Hubei) in the Tang Dynasty. The word hung-chien, Ji Ji, Yi Yi, the number Jinglingzi, Sangzhuweng and Donggangzi. Lu Yu is good at tea ceremony. She is famous for the first monograph on tea science in the world, Tea Classic, and is called "Cha Sheng" by later generations.
Pang Tong (179-214) was Liu Bei's counselor during the Three Kingdoms period. Ishihara, a native of Xiangyang (now Hubei), was originally named Feng Chu. Liu Bei got Jingzhou and was ordered to see Yang. Recommended by Lu Su and Zhuge Liang, he is a counselor and Liang is a military commander. Later, the entourage went to Shu and built a plan to take Chengdu. In the 19th year of Jian 'an (2 14), he attacked Luocheng and died in the middle stream.
Ma Su (190-228) was a member of Shu during the Three Kingdoms. Xiangyang Yicheng (now Hubei Yicheng) people. The words are young and vulgar. At the beginning, Jingzhou planned to go to Shu with Liu Bei. On the military, Liu Bei once said that he was "exaggerating, but of little use". Zhuge Liang doesn't think so, and he values it. In the sixth year of Jianxing (228), Zhuge Liang went to Qishan to attack Wei, and he was appointed as a pioneer. Zhang He, the general of Wei, was defeated in the street pavilion for violating the prohibition of alcohol, and was imprisoned and executed. Or was Zhuge Liang killed?
Pi Rixiu (about 834-883 AD), a native of Xiangyang, did not talk much, but later changed to attack the United States. Ziluhaomenzi
He is ugly, loves to drink, is arrogant and can write a good article. Poetry and prose are as famous as Lu Guimeng (now Suzhou), and both of them have poems sung in Songling. It is called "Pilu".
Meng Haoran (689-740 AD) was a famous aristocrat. Xiangyang people are called Meng Xiangyang. His experience is relatively simple. In his early years, he lived in seclusion in Lumen Mountain, 30 miles away from Xiangyang City. 40-year-old, traveling in Chang 'an, should be a scholar to do his best. In imperial academy, I wrote poems and admired them. He has traveled all over the southeast and is as famous as Wang Wei, known as "Wang Meng". He had contacts with Li Bai and Du Fu, great poets in the Tang Dynasty. Li Bai has two poems in memory of Meng Haoran. Du Fu also has poems praising Meng Haoran. His poems are light, good at writing landscapes, and mostly reflect the secluded pastoral life. He brought fresh breath to Kaiyuan poetry, so he enjoyed a high reputation before and after his death. Less than 10 years after his death, his poems were compiled and sent to the secret room for preservation. The Complete Poems of Tang Dynasty contains more than 200 of his poems, including nearly 30 poems describing and praising his hometown, which are still loved by people today. There is a "Meng Ting" near Jianhu Lake in the northeast corner of Xiangyang City. Nanyuan, a mountain stream outside the south gate of Xiangyang, has his former residence.
Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zhongdao, leaders of public security schools.
Yuan Zongdao and Yuan Hongdao, leaders of the "Public Security School", are Hubei public security people in Yuan Zhongdao.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the literary world was silent, and suddenly a new literary school was born, which brought vitality to the literary world. This is the famous "public security" school in the history of China literature. This literary school is famous for advocating "spiritual nature". Its leaders are three brothers, Yuan Zongdao, Yuan Hongdao and Yuan Zhongdao, who were all born in Gongan County, Jingzhou City today. They are called "three elements of public security" in history. They are all famous writers in Ming Dynasty. After the ancient prose movement in Tang and Song Dynasties, they set up a banner of the literary innovation movement. Their achievements are not only literary achievements, but also ideological achievements, which have had a positive impact on the history of the next few hundred years and even the May Fourth Cultural Movement.
Chen Youliang (1320 ~ 1363) was the founder of Dahan regime in the late Yuan Dynasty. A fisherman from Mianyang, Hubei.
Lin Biao's politicians, figures and military strategists.
1907 was born in Huanggang, Hubei. June 1923 Joined the Socialist Youth League of China. 1925 was admitted to the fourth phase of Huangpu Military Academy, and was transferred to China * * * Production Party in the same year. After the founding of New China, he served as Chairman of the Central South Military and Political Committee, Commander of the Central South Military Region and the Fourth Field Army, Vice Chairman of the National Defense Commission, Minister of National Defense and Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission. 1955 was awarded the rank of marshal.
Comrade Li Xiannian, 1909, was born in Huang An, Hubei Province (now Hong 'an). 1926 Participated in the peasant movement. 1927 participated in the jute uprising and joined the China * * * production party. Later, he served as secretary of the district party Committee, secretary of the county party Committee and chairman of the Soviet government.
Dong, formerly known as the lynx, also known as the word agency, was renamed after engaging in revolutionary activities. 1886 was born in a poor intellectual family in Huang An, Hubei (now Hong 'an).
Liu Huaqing (19 16 ~), a native of Dawu, Hubei Province, joined the League in June, 1929, 1935, and 1929.
Xu Haidong (1900- 1970) was born in Xu Jiayao, a new town in Dawu County, Hubei Province, and came from a kiln family. At the age of 9, he went to study in a rural school. /kloc-at the age of 0/3, he was reprimanded by the school teacher for resisting bullying by rich children and angrily dropped out of school. He went to the kiln to study art and worked as a kiln worker with his father and brother.
Xiang Ying (1898— 194 1) was originally named Delong, a native of Wuchang, Hubei. China * * * one of the early important leaders of the production party and the people's army.
Yun (1895 ~1931)1895 was born in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, and his ancestral home was in Wujin County, Jiangsu Province. He was a political activist and educator of China * * * production party and one of the leaders of the early youth movement in China. Early revolutionaries
Shi Yang (1889 ~ 1923), formerly known as Ji Chao, was named Wan Li. A native of Shuanggui Village, Majiadu Town, Zhushan County. Early revolutionaries
Wang Shusheng, formerly known as Wang Hongxin. People from Macheng City, Hubei Province. Military strategist. 1926 joined the producers' party of China. He used to be the organization minister of district and county farmers' associations. 1927 Participated in leading the Jute Uprising.
Xu (1905- 1985) was originally from Macheng, Hubei. Admiral. 1926 served as company commander in the first division of the National Revolutionary Army. In the same year, he joined the China * * * Production Youth League, and in 1927, he joined the China * * * Production Party. Participated in the jute uprising.
Nie (19 14 ~ 1992) was born in Dawu, Hubei (formerly, now Hongan County, Huanggang City). Admiral.
Chen Xilian (19 15- 1999), formerly known as Lian, was born in Pengjia Village, Doushan, Gao Qiao District, Hubei Province (now Hong 'an), with the word Lianfu, 19 15. Comrade Chen Xilian is an outstanding party member of China Producers' Party, a loyal proletarian fighter, a tried-and-tested proletarian revolutionary and strategist, and a generation of war generals with outstanding achievements.
Guo, formerly known as Guo, 1905, is a native of Guo Shoujiu Village, Chengguan District, Hubei Province. Military strategist, general. Guo is a tried and tested outstanding party member of China * * * Production Party, a loyal * * * fighter, a senior general and a military educator with outstanding achievements. He is the only one of the founding generals of Hong 'an who attended Huangpu Military Academy.
General Qin Jiwei, Secretary of Defense.
Comrade Qin Jiwei19141kloc-0/,a native of Qili District, Huang An City, Hubei Province.
Wang Jianan (1907- 1980), formerly known as Jian 'an, was born in Shahe Village, Taohua, Huang An County, Hubei Province (now Hong 'an) on October 8th. Military strategist, general.
Han Xianchu (19 13- 1986) was born in Huang 'an, Hubei. Comrade is an outstanding party member of China * * * Production Party, a loyal fighter produced by * * *, a proven proletarian revolutionary and strategist, and a generation of war generals with outstanding achievements. He was the first commander of the 40th Army of China People's Liberation Army.
Zhou Chunquan (1905- 1985), 1905 10, from Leijiatian, Bali District, Huang An County, Hubei Province. He worked as a janitor in Baliwan Primary School, and then went to Wuhan to attend and organize the "Erqi Support Club" and the strike struggle of workers in Gong Hui Weaving Factory in Hankou. Zhou Chunquan is an outstanding party member of China * * * production party, a tried and tested loyal soldier and an outstanding senior general of our army. Military strategist, general.
Yang Shoujing (1839- 19 15), a native of Lucheng Town, Yidu City, Hubei Province, was named an old man in neighboring Soviet Union in his later years. He was an outstanding historical geographer, stele engraver, cataloger, calligraphy artist and bibliophile in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. There are 83 works handed down from ancient times, which are well-known at home and abroad. In the first year of Tongzhi (1862), Yang Shoujing was admitted to Jingshan Palace School, and Tongzhi was admitted to the National History Museum for four years (1865) and 1874. 1880 to 1884 as the attache of the ambassador to Japan. After returning to China, he successively served as the chief provost of Huanggang Teaching, Hubei Hunan Academy and Qin Cheng (Hougenggu) School. 1909 was promoted to consultant of the Ministry of Ritual, and was hired as editor of Hubei Notification Bureau the following year. 1915 65438+1October 9, Yang died of illness in Beijing at the age of? Six years old. After Yang Shoujing's death, the government of the Republic of China sent a special car to escort the coffin back to Yidu and buried it in Yidu Longwo.
Li Siguang (1889- 197 1), formerly known as Zhong Gu, was born in Xiangluwan, Huilongshan, Huanggang (now Tuanfeng) County. A famous geologist.
Wen Yiduo (1899-1946)1October 22nd (1899165438+1October 24th) was born in Xiaba River, Xishui County, Hubei Province. China was a great patriot in modern times, a staunch democratic fighter, an early leader of China Democratic League, a close friend, poet and scholar of China Communist Party. Formerly known as Wen Jiahua, also known as Duoduo, Yiduo and Yiduo, the word is especially three and especially good.
Guo Xizhang (1933-) is a native of Liu Chang Village, huaqiao town, West Lake. Commander.
Li (1864— 1928). Li Jiahe (now Pengdian Township, Dawu County). President of the Republic of China.
Chen Tanqiu (1986- 1943) is a native of Chence Building in Huanggang County (including Huangzhou District), whose real name is Yunxian. Proletarian revolutionary.
Qian Ying (1903— 1973) was born in Zhoujiaji, Qianjiang, Hubei, and his ancestral home was Xianning, Hubei. Female revolutionary and minister of state supervision
Li Shucheng (1882— 1965) is a native of Qiao Yuan Village, Qianjiang County. The elder of the League, the first agriculture minister of New China.
Li (1890— 1927) was born in Qianjiang, Hubei. China * * * First Congress of the Productive Party.
Item (1880— 193 1) is also called. People from Hanchuan, Hubei. Early revolutionary family
Xie Fuzhi (1909- 1972) was born in Xiejiadang, Fenggang County, Huang An. common
Wu Yi, female, Han nationality, born in June, 1938 165438, from Wuhan, Hubei. Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Health of the State Council
Cao Yu (19 10- 1996) is a contemporary playwright. Formerly known as Wan Jiabao. Born in Qianjiang, Hubei Province, he was born in a feudal bureaucratic family in Tianjin.
Fu Mingxia diver, famous athlete and Olympic champion. Native place: Wuhan, Hubei
Li, a famous athlete and Olympic champion, was born in Xiantao, Hubei Province.